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Functional Analysis Problem Sheet II

The document is a problem sheet for a Functional Analysis course at IISER Kolkata, containing eight mathematical problems related to operator norms, linear functionals, complexification, and various operators on function spaces. Each problem requires proofs or calculations involving properties of normed spaces and linear mappings. The problems cover topics such as equivalent characterizations of operator norms, continuity of linear operators, and the Volterra operator.

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Dwipyayan Panda
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4 views1 page

Functional Analysis Problem Sheet II

The document is a problem sheet for a Functional Analysis course at IISER Kolkata, containing eight mathematical problems related to operator norms, linear functionals, complexification, and various operators on function spaces. Each problem requires proofs or calculations involving properties of normed spaces and linear mappings. The problems cover topics such as equivalent characterizations of operator norms, continuity of linear operators, and the Volterra operator.

Uploaded by

Dwipyayan Panda
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IISER Kolkata Problem Sheet II

MA 4102 : Functional Analysis


Problem 1. (Equivalent characterizations of operator norm)
Let X, Y be normed K-linear spaces and let T ∈ L(X, Y ). Prove that
 
∥T (x)∥
∥T ∥ = sup{∥T (x)∥ : x ∈ X, ∥x∥ = 1} = sup{∥T (x)∥ : x ∈ X, ∥x∥ < 1} = sup : x ∈ X, x ̸= 0 .
∥x∥

Problem 2.
Let n ∈ N, let 1 ⩽ p ⩽ ∞, and let {a1 , . . . , an } be a basis of Rn . We define a norm N : Rn → R as
n
X
N (x) := ∥(x1 , . . . , xn )∥p , where x = xi ai .
i=1
n
Let f : (R , N ) → R be a R-linear functional. Calculate ∥f ∥. Is ∥f ∥ attained ?
Problem 3.
Let X be a normed K-linear space, let f ∈ L(X; K), and let f ̸= 0. Following statements are equivalent.
(i) f is discontinuous.
(ii) f (B(0, 1)) = K.
(iii) ker f is dense in X.

Problem 4.
Let X be a normed K-linear space and let f ∈ X ∗ . Prove that
|f (x)| = d(x, ker f )∥f ∥, for all x ∈ X.

Problem 5. (Complexification)
Let X be a C-linear space, let f : X → R be R-linear, and let g : X → C be C-linear. Let us define fC : X → C
as
fC (x) := f (x) − i f (ix), for all x ∈ X.
Prove that
(i) fC is C-linear.
(ii) Re fC = f in X.
(iii) If f = Re g in X, then g = fC in X.
(iv) Let p : X → R be a semi-norm. Then |f | ⩽ p in X if and only if |fC | ⩽ p in X.
(v) If X is a normed C-linear space, then ∥fC ∥ = ∥f ∥.

Problem 6. Let us define R, S, T : C[0, 1] → K by


Z 1 Z 1
R(f ) := tf (t) dt, T (f ) := sin tf (t) dt,
0 0
1
Z 2
Z 1
S(t) := f (t) dt − f (t) dt, for all f ∈ C[0, 1].
1
0 2

Calculate ∥R∥, ∥S∥, and ∥T ∥. Are ∥R∥, ∥S∥, and ∥T ∥ attained ?


Problem 7. (Volterra operator on L1 )
Let V : L1 [0, 1] → L1 [0, 1] be the Volterra operator defined as
Z x
V(f )(x) := f (t) dt for all f ∈ L1 [0, 1], x ∈ (0, 1).
0

Calculate ∥V∥. Is ∥V∥ attained ?


Problem 8. Let X be a compact Hausdorff space and let T : C(X; K) → C(X; K) be K-linear satisfying
T (f ) ⩾ 0, for all f ∈ C(X; K) with f ⩾ 0.
Show that T is continuous.

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