Programming

In Python

Course
By Dr. Fotsing Kuetche

Fall 2025
[Link].20XX 2
[Link].20XX 3
Why This Course ?

[Link].20XX 4
1. Introduce students to the basic
concepts of computer programming.
2. Develop problem-solving and logical
thinking skills through
programming.
3. Teach students how to write, test,
and debug Python programs.
4. Provide a solid understanding of
Python syntax, control flow, and
data structures.
5. Introduce modular and object-
oriented programming principles.
6. Prepare students to apply Python in
advanced computing domains such
as software/web development, data
analysis and artificial intelligence.
[Link].20XX
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[Link].20XX
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What’s a Programming Language

[Link].20XX 7
We need to
communicate

To communicate =

To impart or transmit (knowledge

or information)

make known,

To tell

To share or exchange

[Link].20XX
8
We need to
communicate

Sound
(voices,
instrumen
ts…)

…… Gestures

Communicate

Pictures
Touch (Adverts,
Posters,..)

[Link].20XX
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 We need to
communicate

Sound
(voices,
instru
ments…
)
Formalize
…… Gestures

Communicate

Pictures
Touch (Adverts,
Posters,..)
Language

[Link].20XX
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We need to
communicate

Language is the ability to express

thoughts and communicate using a
system of signs (vocal, gestural, graphic,
tactile, olfactory, etc.).

[Link].20XX
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 We need to
communicate

English Language:

Forming Words = Vocabulary How to build sentences =

➢ 26 letters in the alphabet
Grammar
➢ Xxx sounds (phonetic)
➢ 10 numbers (0 to 9)

Communicate

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communicating with Hello
computers
0011 0101
1101 1011

Computer Don’t understand English

Binary digits: 0 and 1

H e l l o

H e l l o
[Link].20XX
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communicating with print(“Hello”)
computers
0011 0101
1101 1011
Computer Don’t understand English

Programming
Languages act as an
intermediate between
us and computers

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What’s Programming Language?

A programming language is a set of rules for giving

instructions to a computer. It provides the syntax for giving
instructions and specifies the ways to store information, and
it controls the order in which instructions are executed in a
program.

[Link].20XX 15
Type of Programming Language

Assignment 1
The different type of programming language

[Link].20XX 16
What’s Python

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 What’s Python

Python is a programming language

created in 1989 by Guido van
Rossum, in Netherlands.
 What’s Python ?

The name "Python" was

chosen because van Rossum
was a fan of the BBC TV show
"Monty Python's Flying Circus"
and wanted a name that was
short, unique, and slightly
mysterious.
What’s Python ?

❑ Python's first release was in 1991

❑ major versions like Python 2.0 released in 2000
❑ Python 3.0 in 2008
❑ Python 3.0 introduced many changes that were not backward
compatible with Python 2.x,
What’s Python ?

quickly gained popularity due to its

simplicity and readability.
[Link].20XX 22
Simple. Mutiplatform. Multiparadigm. Multi-
purpose
Simple. Mutiplatforme. Multiparadigm. Multi-
purpose
 ✓ High level Interpreted Language

✓ Dynamically Typed Language

Simple.
✓ Integrated Librabries
 Exemple: Summing up
the elements of a matrix

Dynamically Typed
 Exemple: Calcul de la
somme des éléments
d’une matrice

High level
Simple. Multiplatform. Multiparadigm. Multi-
purpose
 Windows

Mac OS X

python
Multiplatform.

Linux

Android

Compatible wit several OS : a script can run on

many platforms without any modification
Simple. Mutiplatforme. Multiparadigm. Multi-
purpose
High level Compatible many OS :
Dynamically Typed Windows, Mac OS X,
Integrated Libraries Linux, Android, iOS, ….
 Python support

- Imperative/procedural Programming
Multiparadigm.

- Functionnal Programming

- Object-Oriented Programming
 Simple. Mutiplatforme. Multiparadigm. Multi-
purpose
Compatible with many Python support
High level OS : Windows, Mac OS X, - Procedural
Dynamically Typed Linux, Android, iOS, ….
- Functionnel
Integrated Libraries
- Object-Oriented
 Various area of application:

- Software development

- Web development

Multi-
purpose - Games

- Mobile Applications

- Scientific Computing

- Artificial Intelligence Models

Simple Mutiplatforme. Multiparadigme. Muti-
purpose

Increased Productivity
Doing Much in less time
Installing Python

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 Official Distribution..
Interpreter Only Miniconda. Anaconda.
Interpreter +
Packages manager + 250+ librairies
[Link] enviroment

[Link] [Link]
A text editor is a program designed for
writing and editing code.

features to make writing and editing

code easier: syntax highlighting, for
example, colors your code so you
can quickly recognize different parts
of a program

An integrated development environment (IDE) is a text

editor with powerful project management features.
Miniconda.
Interpreter +
Packages manager +
enviroment

[Link]
A text editor is a program designed for
writing and editing code.

❑ Pyzo
❑ VSCode
❑ Jupyter
Miniconda.
Interpreter +
Packages manager +
enviroment

[Link]
Miniconda.
Interpreter +
Packages manager +
enviroment

[Link]
[Link].20XX 42
PAGE 43
PAGE 44
PAGE 45
 Naming Variables

varName = varValue

• A ~ Z (uppercase or lowercase) • Boolean

Affectation
• 0~9 • Number (int, float, Complex)
• Underscore ( _ ) • String
• Always start with a letter • List
• No space • Tuple
• No keywords (if, elif, def, print, …) • Set
• dictionary

PAGE 46
 Naming Variables --- impossible varName

varName = varValue
>>> import keyword

>>> [Link]
['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'class',
'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if',
'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while',
'with', 'yield']
PAGE 47
1. Def utilisateur1
2. enumerate
3. 1user
4. User age
5. userage
6. userAge
7. user_age

PAGE 48
Naming Variables

1. For long variable name we use

1. Snake case this_long_var
2. Camel case thisLongVar

PAGE 49
Naming Variables

1. Variable names should be short but descriptive.

For example, name is better than n,

student_name is better than s_n,
name_length is better than length_of_persons_name.

PAGE 50
MULTIPLE ASSIGNMENT: We can define multiple variables at one
go. To do that simply write

long, large, height = 10, 5, 3

long = 10
large = 5
height = 3
[Link].20XX 52
Booleans Questions:
1- are you a Cameroonian ?
2- are you at least 20 years old?

VOTE
-Cameroonian
- At least 20
Booleans
Questions:
1- are you a Cameroonian ? isCameroonian = True
2- are you at least 20 years old? isOfAge = False

Represent decision simply

the Boolean data type has only two values:

True (Yes/1) and False (No/0)
✓ Numbers : int, float, complex
Example:
x = 10
y = 10.10
z = 2 + 2j

1. By default Python uses float during operation, even if the output is an integer
(use type() )
2. For long numbers we can group using “underscore”

for example
million = 1000000000
Can be written as
million = 1_000_000_000
✓ Strings

Simple quotes name = ‘Abega’

Double quotes surname = ‘’Junior’’

For sentences, it is preferable to use Double quotes

EXAMPLE

Using simple quotes, Create a variable text1 holding the sentence :

It’s my pleasure to meet you

What’s happening?
 ✓ Strings error 2 The backslash
EXAMPLE 2

Create a variable myRepository with the value C:\Users\Claude

What’s happening ?

\n = new line
\t = add tabulation
\” ou \’ : quotes are no more special characters
\a = bullet point
\u, \U, \x, \N = unicode characters
 ✓ Strings error The backslash

EXERCISE 1: reproduce this paragraph (exactly) using just one variable

List of fruits:
• Banana
• Mango
• Lemon

text = "List of fruits: \n \t \a Banana \n \t \a Mango \n \t \a Lemon"

>>> print(text)
Assessment 2

• Write a Script to reproduce this

figure

• Use print()

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 ✓ f-Strings (Formated)

>>> name = "Ibrahim"

>>> surname = "Ethan"

>>> age = 50

>>> print(f"Hello, my name is {name} {surname}, I’m {age} years old")

These strings are called f-strings. The f is for format, because Python formats the
string by replacing the name of any variable in braces with its value
✓ Strings introduction to method

A method is an action that Python can perform on a

piece of data.

[Link](<arguments>)

[Link]()
[Link]() Dot notation
✓ Type Casting

utilize

int()
float()
str()
EXERCISE
Write a Python script ([Link]) that should ask the user
to enter their last name, first name, and age, and then present
the user using "print" (the last name in UPPERCASE, the first
letter of the first name in uppercase).
OPERATORS
✓ Operators

7 operators
MATHS
addition subtraction multiplication division Floor Division modulo exponent

+ - * / // % **
 Suppose x = 5, y = 2
✓ Operators
MATHS Addition: x + y = 7

Subtraction: x - y = 3

Multiplication: x*y = 10

Division: x/y = 2.5

Floor Division: x//y = 2 (rounds down the answer to the nearest

whole number)

Modulus: x%y = 1 (gives the remainder when 5 is divided by 2)

Exponent: x**y = 25 (5 to the power of 2)

✓ assignment operators

the sign =

X=0
X = X+4
✓ assignment operators

the sign =
Add and assign

X=0 +=
X = X+4
Add 4 to X and assign
equivalent X += 4 the result to X
✓ assignment operators

Similarly, if we want to do a subtraction, we can write

x = x - 2 or x -= 2.
For a multiplication: x = x*10 or x *=10

The same works for all the 7 operators mentioned previously.

✓ Operators
comparison operators
create boolean variables

equal Not equal smaller greater Smaller or equal Greater or equal

== != < > <= >=

Logical Operators
Combine Boolean expressions

and or not
 isCameroonian and isOfAge
✓ Operators
ID Card:
Nationality
Questions: Age
1- are you a Cameroonian ?
2- are you at least 20 years old? Boby can vote:

If
(Nationnality == “Cameroonian”)
VOTE and
-Cameroonian (Age>=20)
- At least 20
[Link].20XX 72
Control flow statements are fundamental components of
programming languages that allow developers to control the
order in which instructions are executed in a program. They
enable execution of a block of code multiple times, execute a
block of code based on conditions, terminate or skip the
execution of certain lines of code, etc.

[Link].20XX 73
Go to Earn a
Get a job shine
school degree

1 2 3 Star

[Link].20XX 74
Go to
school
Earn a
degree
Get a job ? shine

1 2 3 Star

Yes

No

pla
net

[Link].20XX 75
Conditional Statements
Looping statements
Jump Statements

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if/ elif/ else
match

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 ✓ CONDITIONS : if, else, elif
allows the program to determine whether a certain condition is
met and to perform the appropriate action based on the result
of the evaluation

if condition1 : : (colon) indicates the

Python forces the beginning of an
indentation Action 1 instruction
elif condition 2 :
action1 executes if
condition1 is met
Action 2
else:
do E

In Python we mark the end of

the statement by a simple
space (empty line).
✓ CONDITIONS : if, else, elif

EXAMPLE: Legal Age Test

Write a Python program that takes as input:

- the surname,
- names,
- Nationality
- and year of birth of a citizen

and determines (displays) whether they are of legal age or not.

✓ CONDITIONS : if, else, elif

1. Understand the problem and its variables

The legal age is also known as the age of legal majority. This is the
age at which a person gains the legal status of an adult.
Its varies depending on the location:
▪ 21 years old in Cameroon and African countries
▪ 18 years old in USA
✓ CONDITIONS : if, else, elif

1. Understand the conditions

▪ Someone is of legal age if :

▪ He/she has 21 years old and is from Cameroon or African
countries
OR
▪ 18 years old in USA
✓ CONDITIONS : if, else, elif
Inline If
We can write a condition using a single line:

Action 1 if condition1 is True else Action 2

▪ Someone is of legal age if :

▪ He/she has 21 years old and is from Cameroon or African
countries
OR
▪ 18 years old in USA
✓ Condition : match
match variable:
case 400:
return "Bad request"
case 404:
return "Not found"
case 418:
return "I'm a teapot"
case _:
return "Something's wrong with the internet"