(Cockroach)
1 INTRODUCTION (Cockroach) m Head bears appendages forming Biting 3 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
and chewing type of mouth parts
m Classification
Phylum : Arthropoda
Alimentary canal Accessory glands
Class : Insecta
Genus : Periplaneta Well developed with a mouth m Salivary gland
Labrum
(upper lip) surrounded by mouth parts l 1 pair
Species : americana Grinding region
Incising region m Foregut (Lined by cuticle entirely) l Present near crop
m Characteristics:
: 34-53 mm long OR ( 1/4 inch to 3 inches/ 0.6-7.6 cm) Mandible Mandible l Pharynx (shorts tubular)
l Size
Hypopharynx l Oesophagus (Narrow tubular) m Salivary reservoir
l Colour : Brown or black colour; Bright yellow, red and
(tongue)
l Crop (sac like for temporary
green coloured reported in tropical regions.
storage of food)
l Habitat : Damp places throughout world l Gizzard/proventriculus
l Habit : Nocturnal, Omnivorous l Outer thick circular muscles
and
m Economic : Pests as they spoil food and contaminate inner six chitinous teeth
importance with smelly excreta. Transmit several Maxilla Labium Maxilla
l Grinding of food particles
(lower lip) m Hepatic/gastric caecae
diseases by contaminating food material.
l Ring of 6-8 blind tubules
l At the junction of foregut
2 MORPHOLOGY m Exoskeleton : Hard, brown chitinous plates m Mesenteron/ Midgut and midgut
Head – 6 segments called sclerites Dorsal plates – Tergites (Between forgut and l Secrete digestive juice
m Body divisions Thorax – 3 segments Ventral plates – Sternites hindgut)
Abdomen – 10 segments Plates connected by a thin, flexible articular/
m Malpighian tubules (part of
m Wings extend beyond the tip of abdomen in males. arthrodial membrane. excretory system)
m Hindgut (Broader than midgut)
Appendages: l 100-150 in number
Body Divisions: l Ileum
l Yellow coloured, thin
m Head m Filiform antennae l Colon
filamentous tubules at the
l Triangular, right angle to l Long, sensory thread like l Rectum (Opens out through anus)
junction of midgut and hindgut
longitudinal body axis l Segmented arise from membranous socket
l Present in front of eyes
l Help in monitoring environment m Open type 4 BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM
m Thorax m Mesothoracic wings/
l Prothorax Forewings/ Heart Blood vessels Haemolymph
l Mesothorax Tegmina (1 pair) m Elongated muscular tube with 13 chambers m Poorly developed m Composed of colourless
l Metathorax l Opaque, dark and leathery m Lying along mid dorsal line of thorax and abdomen m Open into haemocoel plasma and haemocytes
l Cover hindwings at rest m Funnel shaped chambers with ostia on either side m Visceral organs bathed in
Metathoracic wings/
m m Blood flows anteriorly in heart haemolymph
m Abdomen Hindwings (1 pair) Anterior aorta Alary muscles Chambers of heart Haemolymph
l Transparent and membranous 12 pairs, help in circularion
through ostia
l Meant for flight
m Legs (3 pairs)
Sinuses Circulation of
l 1 pair of walking legs on each haemolymph Heart
m Anal cerci (1 pair) thoracic segment
m Head connected to thorax by short extension of prothorax known as neck. It provide great
mobility of head in all directions. Open circulatory system of cockroach
Anterior aorta
5 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 7 NERVOUS SYSTEM
Parameters Head Ventral part of body
m Structures involved: Network of trachea (thin, branching tubes) that open
through 10 pairs of spiracles present on lateral side of the body m Proportion of m Bit of nervous system m Most part of nervous system
m Opening of spiracles is guarded by sphincters nervous system
Supra-oesophageal ganglion (brain) m Paired longitudinal connectives
m Site for exchange of gases: Tracheoles by diffusion. m Structure m
with series of fused ganglia
Supply nerves to
l 3 ganglia in thorax and 6
6 EXCRETORY SYSTEM Antennae and compound eyes ganglia in abdomen.
m Structure involved: Malpighian tubules, lined by glandular and ciliated cells. (Each compound eye consists of 2000
m They absorb nitrogenous waste products and convert them into uric acid which is hexagonal ommatidia)
excreted out through hindgut. m Sense organs: Antennae, Labial palps, Eyes, Maxillary palps, Anal cerci
m Excretory product: Uric acid (Uricotelic) m Cockroach has mosaic vision with more sensitivity and less resolution
m Other excretory structures: Fat body, nephrocytes and uricose glands. m If head of cockroach is cut off, it will still live for as long as one week
8 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Phallic gland
Testis Ovary
Long
m 1 pair, lateral side tubules m 1 pair
Mushroom gland nd th
th th Small th th m2 -6 abdominal segments
m4 -6 abdominal m 6 -7 abdominal segments
tubules m 1 ovary contains 8 ovarioles
segments m Accessory reproductive
l Each ovariole contains chain
gland of developing ova
External genitalia/ gonapophysis: Seminal vesicle
Vas deferens Spermatheca
Functions: Components: Oviduct
m 1 pair
Ejaculatory duct Common oviduct/vagina th
1. Chitinous m6 abdominal segment
1. Right phallomere m Opens through male genital
asymmetrical pore which is ventral to anus Collaterial gland
structure 2. Ventral phallomere Genital chamber
m 1 pair Genital
2. Present around 3. Left phallomere Anal cercus pouch
m Pseudopenis
m Secrete ootheca Vestibulum
male gonopore Caudal/anal style
Gonapophyses
3. Three phallomeres m Titillator m 1 pair, only in males
th th th m Genital pouch is bounded by 7th sternum (boat shaped) along with 8th and 9th sterna
Male genital pouch is bounded dorsally by 9 and 10 terga and ventrally by 9 sternum. m Anterior part of genital pouch: female gonopore, spermathecal pores and collaterial glands
Path of sperms Path of ova
m Testes ® Vas deferens ® Seminal vesicle ® Ejaculatory duct ® m Female genital pore ¬ Common oviduct/Vagina ¬ Oviduct ¬ Ovary (Ovarioles)
Male genital pore ® Spermatheca of female during copulation
Sperms Ova
Anal cerci Anal style
m Female genital pouch
m Paired, long Paired, short m Female deposits ootheca in crack or crevice
m Fertilisation
m Jointed Unjointed 13 times moulting (Paurometabolous development)
m Secretion of collaterial glands form ootheca m Nymph Adult
m Filamentous Thread like Next to last nymphal stage has wing pads but only adult cockroaches have
m On an average female produces 9-10 ootheca, m
m and each containing 14 to 16 fertilised eggs wings.