Unit 3 - Cellular Energetics
😣 We have to use a different video.
Video Linked Here - Nomad, AP Bio Unit 3 Complete Review
The APsolute recAP lady’s unit 3 video is locked behind a paywall….
Topic 3.1
Enzymes are proteins that allow for ________________________________________ of reactions.
The Activation energy is the amount of energy required for _____________________________________.
The Bonding of the enzyme and substrate forms the _______________________________________.
The name of an enzyme always ends in _____________________.
Enzymes can either join chemicals together, or ___________________________ chemicals apart.
The Active site is the location where the molecule or ________________________ binds.
The induced fit model shows how protein shapes ______________________ when substrate enters the active
site.
_____________________ are molecules that can help enzymes function. These include things like Metal ions,
____________________________ that contain carbon, and prosthetic groups.
Metabolism, the sum of all chemical reactions, is divided into ____________________, breaking down
molecules, and _________________________, the building of molecules.
Topic 3.2
How do we control enzymes in the body? _____________________ inhibition is when competitors mimic
substrate, and bind to the active site.
Allosteric regulators are a part of ________________________ inhibition, and they bind to a different location
than the active site, causing the enzyme to change shape.
_________________________ occurs when two substrate molecules bind to the enzyme.
Topic 3.3
______________________ and __________________ are both environmental factors that impact enzymes.
Enzymes all function best at specific temperatures and pH. Denaturing means the
enzyme______________________. Isozymes are enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have
different________________________, which helps protect the organism against changing environments.
Topic 3.4
The first law of thermodynamics _____________________________________________________________.
Second law of thermodynamics _____________________________________________________________,
whenever energy is transferred, it is lost in the form of _______________________.
____________________________ (G) is the energy available for a cell to use to do work.
Exergonic reactions releases energy, Like when ATP → ADP + P while _________________________
absorbs energy, like when ADP + P → ATP
ATP ___________________________ releases energy for cell to use, through a hydrolysis reaction.
Reduction reactions is when ____________________________ are gained by molecules, while
__________________________________ occurs by losing electrons. These reactions typically occur together.
NAD+ is empty, and is reduced to _______________, when it is carrying electrons.
Topic 3.5
During photosynthesis, Water and ___________ come in, and _____________ and ____________ are
released as products. It is separated into ____________________ reactions and ___________________
reactions. NADPH is produced during the ________________ reactions, and used during the Calvin Cycle.
NADP+ then returns back to the _____________________ reactions, and the cycle continues.
In light reactions, photons are used to create _________________, and in light independent, energy is used to
create _______________________ . Solar energy → chemical energy→ Sugar molecules.
Chlorophyll a & b, and Carotenoids are examples of ________________________ and absorb light.
The chloroplast consists of _____________________. The ____________ membrane is where the
__________________________ and ________________________ are occur. The Thylakoids are surrounded
by aqueous liquid called __________________. The chloroplast is ________________ membrane, and is
thought to have been assimilated into plants from another organism (prokaryotes).
The Photosystems are ____________________________________________________ with reaction centers.
Photosystem II comes first, before Photosystem I.
From Diagram @12:44 in video. When light hits PSII, electrons are _____________, and then travel through
the transport chain. This creates a Concentration gradient, by having more H+ ions inside. Later, the
Hydrogen atoms will move through the enzyme ___________________________ , which phosphorylates ADP
into ATP. The goal of the photosystems is to create the H+ Gradient.
In the Calvin Cycle there are three parts, ___________________________ , Reduction, and
___________________________. YOU DO NOT NEED TO KNOW ALL OF THESE LITTLE STEPS like
RuBp, PG’s, RuMP. Basically, Skip the slide that starts with Cyclic Flow at the top.
Topic 3.6
Write the formula for Cellular Respiration.
Glycolysis is the first step, splits a 6 carbon sugar monomer into _______ 3 carbon pyruvate molecules.
Fermentation occurs in Anaerobic conditions, when there is no oxygen available.
When does the human body build up lactic acid? _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.
Glycolysis occurs in the ________________________ and does not require ______________.
The Kreb’s cycle occurs in the __________________________. Reduces NAD+ into ______________, which
means it is now holding electrons, and reduces ________________ into FADH2.
The Electron Transport Chain occurs in the ______________________________________. Electrons are
used to pump H+ ions into the __________________________________________________, creating a
concentration gradient. The final acceptor of electrons is __________________________ and becomes H2O.
Oxidative _________________________ is when ADP → ATP. Protons move down the gradient through
__________________________________ channels (which is called Chemiosmosis).
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You need to be able to Draw, Label, and or Explan the following two diagrams.
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In space below, consider the following questions about unit 3:
-Main things to remember?
-Things to circle back to?
-Questions to ask Mr. Buckles?