Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
Department of Mathematics
MA101 - Calculus
First Semester of Academic Year 2025-26
Tutorial Sheet - 6
1. Compute L(P, f ) and U (P, f ), if f (x) = x2 on [0,1] and P = 0, 41 , 24 , 34 , 1 be a partition of [0,1].
2. Let f be a bounded function defined on [a, b]. M and m are such that m = infx∈[a,b] f (x),
M = supx∈[a,b] f (x). Prove that:
(a) Let P and Q be two partitions of [a, b] such that P ⊂ Q. Then
L(P, f ) ≤ L(Q, f ) ≤ U (Q, f ) ≤ U (P, f ).
(b) Let P and Q be arbitrary partition of [a, b]. Then L(P, f ) ≤ U (Q, f ).
(c) Let P be a partition of [a, b]. If Q is a refinement of P ,
then U (P, f ) − L(P, f ) ≥ U (Q, f ) − L(Q, f ).
3. Let f : [0, 1] → [0, 1] be defined by
1 p
, x = , (p, q) = 1
f (x) = q q
0, otherwise
and g : [0, 1] → [0, 1] be defined by
0, x = 0
g(x) =
1, otherwise
Show that both f and g are integrable. Also check whether g o f is integrable.
If f (x) = x3 is defined on [0, a]. Show that f is Riemann integrable over [0, a] and
4. Z
a
a4
f (x)dx = .(Use Riemann theory)
0 4
Z b
5. If f is non-negative continuous function on [a, b] and f (x)dx = 0. Then f (x) = 0 ∀x ∈ [a, b].
a
1 1 1
6. Evaluate the limit lim + + ... + as an integral.
n→∞ n+1 n+2 n+n
n1
12 22 n2
7. Evaluate the limit lim 1+ 2 1 + 2 ... 1 + 2 as an integral.
n→∞ n n n
8. Let f (x) = x5 log(1 + x) for x > −1. For any ϵ > 0, find a polynomial Pn (x) such that
Z1 Z1 Z1
Pn (x)dx − ϵ < f (x)dx < Pn (x)dx + ϵ.
0 0 0
9. Give a counterexample to show that the converse of the fundamental theorem of calculus(FTC)
is not true.
10. Prove the following inequalities using MVT for integrals.
π
1
x9 dx
Z Z
1 1 2 π
(a) √ ≤ √ ≤ (b) 0 ≤ ex sin xdx ≤ e 2 − 1.
10 2 0 1+x 10 0
1
11. Use upper and lower Riemann sum for the function f (x) = and find the upper and lower bound
n
x
X 1
for the sum .
i=1
i
12. Check whether FTC can be used to evaluate the followings:
Z x2 !
d 2
(a) e−t dt
dx x
√
Z sin x
d 2
(b) t + 1dt .
dx 0
If yes, then evaluate or if no, then justify your answer.
13. Let f (x) be defined on [0, 2] such that
x + x2 , x ∈ Q
f (x) =
x2 + x3 , x ∈ Qc
Find the upper and lower Riemann integral of f over [0, 2]. Is f Riemann integrable over [0, 2]?
14. Let g(x) be defined on [0, 1] such that
1
(1 − x2 ) 2 , x ∈ Q
f (x) =
(1 − x), x ∈ Qc
Find the upper and lower Riemann integral of g over [0, 1]. Is g Riemann integrable over [0, 1]?
15. Show that f and g are not integrable on [a, b] but f g(product of two functions) is integrable on
[a, b] where
0, x ∈ Q 1, x ∈ Q
f (x) = , g(x) =
1, x ∈ Qc 0, x ∈ Qc
16. (a)Show
Z 4 that the function f defined on [0, 4] by f (x) = [x] is integrable on [0, 4] and
f (x)dx = 6.
0 Z 2
(b)Evaluate x[2x]dx, where [x] is the greatest integer ≤ x.
0
17. Prove that every monotone function on [a, b] is integrable. Is the converse true?
18. For each x ∈ [0, 1], x = 0.x1 x2 x3 . . . beZ the decimal expansion of x, not eventually all 9s. Define
1
f : [0, 1] → R by f (x) = x1 . Evaluate f (x)dx.
0
Z 3
t
19. (a) Using change of variables, evaluate √dt
0 1 + t2
(
Z π 0, if n is even
(b) For n ≥ 1, verify that |x| cos nxdx = −4
−π , if n is odd
n2
n n1
n
20. Verify the limit lim = e using integral.
n→∞ n!
Z b
21. Disprove the statement with example f ′ (x)dx = f (b) − f (a).
a
22. Find the value of c that satisfy the MVT for integral on [ 3π
4
, π] for f (x) = cos(2x − π).
23. Determine the number c that satisfies the MVT for integrals on [1, 4] for f (x) = x2 + 3x + 2.
24. Find the values of c that satisfy the MVT for integrals on [0, 1] where f (x) = x(1 − x).
√
25. Find the first 3 terms in the Maclaurin series for (a)xe−x (b) 1 − x + x2 .
1 x3 1.3 x5 1.3.5 x7 π
26. Show that sin−1 x = x + + + + . . . − 1 < x ≤ 1 and express in series.
2 3 2.4 5 2.4.6 7 2
Z 1
2
27. Evaluate the integral e−x dx using Taylor series.
0
Z 1
28. Find the Maclaurin series for the function e sin x 4
upto the term in x and evaluate esin x dx.
0
Z π
29. Evaluate the integral 6 sin2 xdx by finding the Maclaurin approximation to the integrand with
0
3 terms in the series(upto 4 decimals).
1 − cos(sin x)
30. Find the first 3 terms in the Maclaurin series for cos(sin x) and evaluate lim .
x→0 x2
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