3/4/25, 1:18 PM Trigonometry Formulas & Identities (Complete List)

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Trigonometry Formulas

In Trigonometry, different types of problems can be solved using trigonometry formulas. These
problems may include trigonometric ratios ([Link]
(sin, cos, tan, sec, cosec and cot), Pythagorean identities, product identities, etc. Some formulas
including the sign of ratios in different quadrants, involving co-function identities (shifting
angles), sum & difference identities, double angle identities, half-angle identities, etc., are also
given in brief here.

Learning and memorizing these mathematics formulas in trigonometry will help the students of
Classes 10, 11, and 12 to score good marks in this concept. They can find the trigonometry table
([Link] along with inverse trigonometry formulas to
solve the problems based on them.

Trigonometry Formulas PDF

Below is the link given to download the pdf format of Trigonometry formulas for free so that
students can learn them offline too.

Download Trigonometry Formulas here

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics ([Link]

that deals with triangles. Trigonometry is also known as the study of relationships between
lengths and angles of triangles.

There are an enormous number of uses of trigonometry and its formulae. For example, the
technique of triangulation is used in Geography to measure the distance between landmarks;
in Astronomy, to measure the distance to nearby stars and also in satellite navigation systems.

Test your Knowledge on Trigonometry Formulas!

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3/4/25, 1:18 PM Trigonometry Formulas & Identities (Complete List)

Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Click ‘Start
Quiz’ to begin!

Select the correct answer and click on the “Finish” button

Check your score and answers at the end of the quiz

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Trigonometry Formulas List

When we learn about trigonometric formulas, we consider them for right-angled triangles only.
In a right-angled triangle, we have 3 sides namely – Hypotenuse, Opposite side
(Perpendicular), and Adjacent side (Base). The longest side is known as the hypotenuse, the
side opposite to the angle is perpendicular and the side where both hypotenuse and opposite
side rests is the adjacent side.

Here is the list of formulas for trigonometry.

Basic Formulas

Reciprocal Identities

Trigonometry Table

Periodic Identities

Co-function Identities

Sum and Difference Identities

Double Angle Identities

Triple Angle Identities

Half Angle Identities

Product Identities

Sum to Product Identities

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Inverse Trigonometry Formulas

Basic Trigonometric Function Formulas

There are basically 6 ratios used for finding the elements in Trigonometry. They are called
trigonometric functions. The six trigonometric functions are sine, cosine, secant, cosecant,
tangent and cotangent.

By using a right-angled triangle as a reference, the trigonometric functions and identities are
derived:

sin θ = Opposite Side/Hypotenuse

cos θ = Adjacent Side/Hypotenuse

tan θ = Opposite Side/Adjacent Side

sec θ = Hypotenuse/Adjacent Side

cosec θ = Hypotenuse/Opposite Side

cot θ = Adjacent Side/Opposite Side

Reciprocal Identities
The Reciprocal Identities are given as:

cosec θ = 1/sin θ

sec θ = 1/cos θ

cot θ = 1/tan θ

sin θ = 1/cosec θ

cos θ = 1/sec θ

tan θ = 1/cot θ

All these are taken from a right-angled triangle ([Link]

triangle/). When the height and base side of the right triangle are known, we can find out the
sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant, and cotangent values using trigonometric formulas.
The reciprocal trigonometric identities are also derived by using the trigonometric functions.

Trigonometry Table
Below is the table for trigonometry formulas for angles that are commonly used for solving
problems.

Angles (In Degrees) 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270° 360°

Angles (In Radians) 0 π/6 π/4 π/3 π/2 π 3π/2 2π

sin 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1 0 -1 0

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cos 1 √3/2 1/√2 1/2 0 -1 0 1

tan 0 1/√3 1 √3 ∞ 0 ∞ 0

cot ∞ √3 1 1/√3 0 ∞ 0 ∞

cosec ∞ 2 √2 2/√3 1 ∞ -1 ∞

sec 1 2/√3 √2 2 ∞ -1 ∞ 1

Periodicity Identities (in Radians)

These formulas are used to shift the angles by π/2, π, 2π, etc. They are also called co-function
identities.

sin (π/2 – A) = cos A & cos (π/2 – A) = sin A

sin (π/2 + A) = cos A & cos (π/2 + A) = – sin A

sin (3π/2 – A) = – cos A & cos (3π/2 – A) = – sin A

sin (3π/2 + A) = – cos A & cos (3π/2 + A) = sin A

sin (π – A) = sin A & cos (π – A) = – cos A

sin (π + A) = – sin A & cos (π + A) = – cos A

sin (2π – A) = – sin A & cos (2π – A) = cos A

sin (2π + A) = sin A & cos (2π + A) = cos A

All trigonometric identities are cyclic in nature. They repeat themselves after this periodicity
constant. This periodicity constant is different for different trigonometric identities. tan 45° = tan
225° but this is true for cos 45° and cos 225°. Refer to the above trigonometry table to verify the
values.

Cofunction Identities (in Degrees)

The co-function or periodic identities can also be represented in degrees as:

sin(90°−x) = cos x

cos(90°−x) = sin x

tan(90°−x) = cot x

cot(90°−x) = tan x

sec(90°−x) = cosec x

cosec(90°−x) = sec x

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Sum & Difference Identities

sin(x+y) = sin(x)cos(y)+cos(x)sin(y)

cos(x+y) = cos(x)cos(y)–sin(x)sin(y)
tan x+tan y
tan(x + y) =
1−tan [Link] y

sin(x–y) = sin(x)cos(y)–cos(x)sin(y)

cos(x–y) = cos(x)cos(y) + sin(x)sin(y)

tan x−tan y
tan(x − y) =
1+tan [Link] y

Double Angle Identities

2tan x
sin(2x) = 2sin x. cos x = 2
1+tan x

2
2 2 1−tan x
cos 2x = cos x–sin x = 2
1+tan x

cos(2x) = 2cos2(x)−1 = 1–2sin2(x)

2tan x
tan 2x =
1−tan2x

2
sec x
sec 2x = 2
2−sec x

(sec [Link] x)
cosec 2x =
2

Triple Angle Identities

Sin 3x = 3sin x – 4sin3x

Cos 3x = 4cos3x-3cos x
3
3 tan x−tan x
T an 3x = 2
1−3tan x

Half Angle Identities

x 1−cos x
sin = ±√
2 2

x 1+cos x
cos = ±√
2 2

x 1−cos(x)
tan( ) = √
2 1+cos(x)

Also,

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x 1−cos(x)
tan( ) = √
2 1+cos(x)

(1−cos(x))(1−cos(x))
= √
(1+cos(x))(1−cos(x))

(1−cos(x))2
= √ 2
1−cos (x)

2
(1−cos(x))
= √ 2
sin (x)

1−cos(x)
=
sin(x)

So,
x 1−cos(x)
tan( ) =
2 sin(x)

Product identities
sin(x+y)+sin(x−y)
sin x ⋅ cos y =
2

cos(x+y)+cos(x−y)
cos x ⋅ cos y =
2

cos(x−y)−cos(x+y)
sin x ⋅ sin y =
2

Sum to Product Identities

x+y x−y
sin x + sin y = 2 sin cos
2 2

x+y x−y
sin x − sin y = 2 cos sin
2 2

x+y x−y
cos x + cos y = 2 cos cos
2 2

x+y x−y
cos x − cos y = −2 sin sin
2 2

Inverse Trigonometry Formulas

sin-1 (–x) = – sin-1 x

cos-1 (–x) = π – cos-1 x

tan-1 (–x) = – tan-1 x

cosec-1 (–x) = – cosec-1 x

sec-1 (–x) = π – sec-1 x

cot-1 (–x) = π – cot-1 x

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What is Sin 3x Formula?

Sin 3x is the sine of three times of an angle in a right-angled triangle, which is expressed as:

Sin 3x = 3sin x – 4sin3x

Trigonometry Formulas From Class 10 to Class 12

Trigonometry Formulas For Class 12 ([Link]

class-12/)

Trigonometry Formulas For Class 11 ([Link]

class-11/)

Trigonometry Formulas For Class 10 ([Link]

class-10/)

Trigonometry Formulas Major systems

All trigonometric formulas are divided into two major systems:

Trigonometric Identities

Trigonometric Ratios

Trigonometric Identities ([Link] are formulas that

involve Trigonometric functions. These identities are true for all values of the variables.
Trigonometric Ratio is known for the relationship between the measurement of the angles and
the length of the sides of the right triangle.

Here we provide a list of all Trigonometry formulas for the students. These formulas are helpful
for the students in solving problems based on these formulas or any trigonometric application.
Along with these, trigonometric identities help us to derive the trigonometric formulas if they
appear in the examination.

We also provided the basic trigonometric table pdf that gives the relation of all trigonometric
functions along with their standard values. These trigonometric formulae are helpful in
determining the domain, range, and value of a compound trigonometric function. Students can
refer to the formulas provided below or download the trigonometric formulas pdf provided
above.

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Video Lesson on Trigonometry

68,819

Solved Problems
Q.1:

What is the value of (sin 30° + cos 30°) – (sin 60° + cos 60°)?

Solution:

Given,

(sin 30° + cos 30°) – (sin 60° + cos 60°)

= (½) + (√3/2) – (√3/2) – (½)

=0

Q.2:

If cos A = 4/5, then find the value of tan A.

Solution:

Given,

cos A = ⅘

As we know, from trigonometry identities,

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1 + tan2A = sec2A

sec2A – 1 = tan2A

(1/cos2A) -1 = tan2A

Putting the value of cos A = ⅘.

(5/4)2 – 1 = tan2 A

(25 – 16)/16 = tan2 A

tan2A = 9/16

tan A = 3/4

Practice Problems
1. If sin A = 1/2 then find the value of sin 3A.

2. Prove that tan θ + tan(90° – θ) = sec θ sec(90° – θ)

3. If tan A = 3/4, the find sin A cos A.

Frequently Asked Questions on Trigonometry Formulas

Q1 What are the basic trigonometric ratios?

Sine, Cosine, Tangent, Cotangent, Secant and Cosecant.

Q2 What are formulas for trigonometry ratios?

Sin A = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse
Cos A = Base/Hypotenuse
Tan A = Perpendicular/Base

Q3 What are the three main functions in trigonometry?

Sin, Cos and Tan are three main functions in trigonometry.

Q4 What are the fundamental trigonometry identities?

The three fundamental identities are:

1. sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
2. 1+tan2 A = sec2 A
3. 1+cot2 A = csc2 A

Q5 Trigonometry formulas are applicable to which triangle?

Right-angled triangle

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Q6 At what angle, the trigonometric ratio tan is equal to the cot?

The trigonometric ratios tan equals cot when the angle equals 45 degrees. (i.e. tan 45° =
cot 45° = 1)

Q7 What are trigonometric formulas?

Trigonometric formulas are used to evaluate the problem, which involves trigonometric
functions such as sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant and secant. Using the
different trigonometric identities, we can solve the problems which involve the right
triangle’s angles and sides.

Q8 What is the formula for sin 3x?

The formula for sin 3x is 3sin x – 4sin3x.

MATHS Related Links

Basic ([Link] Trigonometry (

Mathematics mathematics/) Graphs g

Trigonometry ([Link] Trigonometry For

Values y/) Class 10

Sin 30 ([Link] Tan 60 (htt

Degrees degrees/) Degrees deg

Cos 30 ([Link] Trigonometry (

Degrees degrees/) Angles a

Sin 45 ([Link] Cos 60 (htt

Degrees degrees/) Degrees deg

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