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Basic Probability Concepts & MCQs

The document provides an overview of basic probability, defining it as a measure of how likely an event is to occur, with values ranging from 0 to 1. It includes a formula for calculating probability and presents 15 multiple-choice questions to test understanding of the concept. Each question is accompanied by the correct answer and explanations for some of the calculations.

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Ateeq Rehman
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3 views2 pages

Basic Probability Concepts & MCQs

The document provides an overview of basic probability, defining it as a measure of how likely an event is to occur, with values ranging from 0 to 1. It includes a formula for calculating probability and presents 15 multiple-choice questions to test understanding of the concept. Each question is accompanied by the correct answer and explanations for some of the calculations.

Uploaded by

Ateeq Rehman
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topic 1: Basic Probability

1 Definition
1️⃣
Probability measures how likely an event is to happen. It is always a number between 0 and 1:
→ event impossible
→ event certain
Alternative names: Simple Probability, Classical Probability

2️⃣Formula
\boxed{P(A) = \frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total number of outcomes}}}
Favorable outcomes = outcomes in which event happens
Total outcomes = all possible outcomes in the experiment
Example: Rolling a die → probability of 3:
P(3) = \frac{1}{6}
Topic 1: Basic Probability – 15 SAAT-style MCQs
1. A coin is tossed once. What is the probability of getting a head? A) 1/3 B) 1/2 ✅ C) 1/4
D) 2/3

2. A single die is rolled. Probability of getting a number greater than 4? A) 1/6 B) 1/3 ✅ C)
1/2 D) 2/3

3. A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. One ball is drawn at random. Probability of
selecting a blue ball? A) 3/8 ✅ B) 5/8 C) 1/2 D) 3/5

4. From a standard deck of 52 cards, probability of picking a King? A) 1/13 ✅ B) 1/52 C)


1/12 D) 1/4

5. A die is rolled. Probability of rolling an odd number? A) 1/2 ✅ B) 1/3 C) 1/6 D) 2/3

6. A bag contains 4 red, 3 green, and 5 yellow balls. Probability of drawing a red ball? A)
1/3 B) 1/4 C) 2/3 D) 1/3 ✅
(Explanation: Total balls = 4+3+5=12; P(red)=4/12=1/3)
7. Two coins are tossed. Probability of both being heads? A) 1/4 ✅ B) 1/2 C) 1/3 D) 1/8

8. A box contains 10 bulbs, 3 of which are defective. Probability of picking a defective


bulb? A) 3/10 ✅ B) 7/10 C) 1/3 D) 1/2

9. Roll a die twice. Probability first roll is 1, second roll is even? A) 1/6 B) 1/12 ✅ C) 1/9
D) 1/4
(Explanation: P(1 on first)=1/6, P(even on second)=3/6=1/2 → 1/6×1/2=1/12)

10. A spinner has 8 equal sectors numbered 1 to 8. Probability of spinning a number ≤ 3? A)


1/8 B) 3/8 ✅ C) 1/3 D) 1/2

11. A bag has 2 red and 3 blue balls. Probability of not red? A) 2/5 B) 3/5 ✅ C) 1/2 D) 1/5

12. A die is rolled. Probability of rolling a number divisible by 2? A) 1/3 B) 1/2 ✅ C) 2/3 D)
1/6

13. Two dice are rolled. Probability of getting a sum of 7? A) 1/12 B) 1/6 ✅ C) 1/8 D) 1/9
(Explanation: Sum=7 combinations=6; total outcomes=36 → 6/36=1/6)

14. Bag contains 3 white, 2 black, 5 green balls. Probability of picking green? A) 1/2 B) 1/5
C) 1/3 ✅ D) 2/5
(Explanation: 5/10=1/2? Wait — total balls=3+2+5=10 → 5/10=1/2 ✅)
Correction: Answer D=1/2 ✅

15. Toss 3 coins simultaneously. Probability of getting all tails? A) 1/8 ✅ B) 1/6 C) 1/4 D)
1/2

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