UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023
Course Code : CRIM E2
Course Title : LIVING IN THE IT ERA

MIDTERM PERIODIC COVERAGE

MODULE No. 06
TITLE: INTERNET
INTRODUCTION By the turn of the century, information,
including access to the Internet, will be the
basis for personal, economic, and political
advancement. The popular name for the Internet is
the information superhighway. Whether you want to
find the latest financial news, browse through
library catalogs, exchange information with
colleagues, or join in a lively political debate,
the Internet is the tool that will take you
beyond telephones, faxes, and isolated computers
to a burgeoning networked information frontier.

The Internet supplements the traditional tools

you use to gather information, data graphics,
news and correspond with other people. Used
skillfully, the Internet shrinks the world and
brings information, expertise, and knowledge on
nearly every subject imaginable straight to your
computer.
LEARNING  Discuss the basic concepts and applications of
OUTCOME the internet.
LEARNING 1. Define the Internet and describe its
OBJECTIVES associated protocols.
2. Recall the history of internet and the
people behind its evolution.
3. Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages
of internet.
4. Identify the different types of internet
used for communication.
5. Name the different terms used in internet.

Discussion/Situational analysis/Content Etc.:

What is Internet?

The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking

infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally,
forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any
other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet.
Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of
languages known as protocols.

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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023

Some common ways of connecting to the Internet include:

 Internet service provider (ISP) by modem

 Internet ready cable
 digital subscriber line (DSL)
 simply turning on your computer which is on a network at work
or school connected to the Internet
 Wireless Network (WiFi)
 Mobile Broadbands

What Can I Do on the Internet?

 Send and receive email messages.

 Download free software with FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
 Post your opinion to a Usenet newsgroup.
 Chat
 Surf the World Wide Web.
 There is no charge for most services.

How the Net really works: TCP/IP and DNS

TCP/IP, which stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol is the Internet's fundamental "control system" and it's
really two systems in one. In the computer world, a "protocol" is
simply a standard way of doing things—a tried and trusted method
that everybody follows to ensure things get done properly. So, what
do TCP and IP actually do?

Internet Protocol (IP) is simply the Internet's addressing system.

All the machines on the Internet—yours, mine, and everyone else's—
are identified by an Internet Protocol (IP) address that takes the
form of a series of digits separated by dots or colons. If all the
machines have numeric addresses, every machine knows exactly how
(and where) to contact every other machine. When it comes to
websites, we usually refer to them by easy-to-remember names (like
[Link]) rather than their actual IP addresses—and
there's a relatively simple system called DNS (Domain Name
System) that enables a computer to look up the IP address for any
given website. In the original version of IP, known as IPv4,
addresses consisted of four pairs of digits, such as [Link] or
[Link], but the rapid growth in Internet use meant that all
possible addresses were used up by January 2011. That has prompted
the introduction of a new IP system with more addresses, which is
known as IPv6, where each address is much longer and looks something
like this: 123a:b716:7291:0da2:912c:0321:0ffe:1da2.

The other part of the control system, Transmission Control Protocol

(TCP), sorts out how packets of data move back and forth between one
computer (in other words, one IP address) and another. It's TCP that
figures out how to get the data from the source to the destination,

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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023
arranging for it to be broken into packets, transmitted, resent if
they get lost, and reassembled into the correct order at the other
end.

A Brief History of the Internet

Precursors

 1844: Samuel Morse transmits the first electric telegraph

message, eventually making it possible for people to send
messages around the world in a matter of minutes.
 1876: Alexander Graham Bell (and various rivals) develop
the telephone.
 1940: George Stibitz accesses a computer in New York using a
teletype (remote terminal) in New Hampshire, connected over a
telephone line.
 1945: Vannevar Bush, a US government scientist, publishes a
paper called As We May Think, anticipating the development of
the World Wide Web by half a century.
 1958: Modern modems are developed at Bell Labs. Within a few
years, AT&T and Bell begin selling them commercially for use on
the public telephone system.

1960s: Preparing for a global network

 1964: Paul Baran, a researcher at RAND, invents the basic

concept of computers communicating by sending "message blocks"
(small packets of data); Welsh physicist Donald Davies has a
very similar idea and coins the name "packet switching," which
sticks.
 1963: J.C.R. Licklider envisages a network that can link people
and user-friendly computers together.
 1964: Larry Roberts, a US computer scientist, experiments with
connecting computers over long distances.
 1960s: Ted Nelson invents hypertext, a way of linking together
separate documents that eventually becomes a key part of the
World Wide Web.
 1966: Inspired by the work of Licklider, Bob Taylor of the US
government's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) hires
Larry Roberts to begin developing a national computer network.
 1969: The ARPANET computer network is launched, initially
linking together four scientific institutions in California and
Utah.

1970s: The modern Internet appears

 1971: Ray Tomlinson sends the first email, introducing the @

sign as a way of separating a user's name from the name of the
computer where their mail is stored.

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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023
 1973: Bob Metcalfe invents Ethernet, a convenient way of
linking computers and peripherals (things like printers) on a
local network.
 1974: Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn write an influential paper
describing how computers linked on a network they called an
"internet" could send messages via packet switching, using a
protocol (set of formal rules) called TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol).
 1978: TCP is improved by adding the concept of computer
addresses (Internet Protocol or IP addresses) to which Internet
traffic can be routed. This lays the foundation of TCP/IP, the
basis of the modern Internet.
 1978: Ward Christensen sets up Computerized Bulletin Board
System (a forerunner of topic-based Internet forums, groups,
and chat rooms) so computer hobbyists can swap information.

1980s: The Internet gives birth to the Web

 1983: TCP/IP is officially adopted as the standard way in which

Internet computers will communicate.
 1982–1984: DNS (Domain Name System) is developed, allowing
people to refer to unfriendly IP addresses ([Link]) with
friendly and memorable names (like [Link]).
 1986: The US National Science Foundation (NSF) creates its own
network, NSFnet, allowing universities to piggyback onto the
ARPANET's growing infrastructure.
 1988: Finnish computer scientist Jarkko Oikarinen invents IRC
(Internet Relay Chat), which allows people to create "rooms"
where they can talk about topics in real-time with like-minded
online friends.
 1989: The Peapod grocery store pioneer’s online grocery
shopping and e-commerce.
 1989: Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web at CERN, the
European particle physics laboratory in Switzerland. It owes a
considerable debt to the earlier work of Ted Nelson and
Vannevar Bush.

1990s: The Web takes off

 1993: Marc Andreessen writes Mosaic, the first user-friendly

web browser, which later evolves into Netscape and Mozilla.
 1993: Oliver McBryan develops the World Wide Web Worm, one of
the first search engines.
 1994: People soon find they need help navigating the fast-
growing World Wide Web. Brian Pinkerton writes WebCrawler, a
more sophisticated search engine and Jerry Yang and David
Filo launch Yahoo!, a directory of websites organized in an
easy-to-use, tree-like hierarchy.
 1995: E-commerce properly begins when Jeff Bezos founds
[Link] and Pierre Omidyar sets up eBay.
 1996: ICQ becomes the first user-friendly instant messaging
(IM) system on the Internet.

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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023
 1997: Jorn Barger publishes the first blog (web-log).
 1998: Larry Page and Sergey Brin develop a search engine called
BackRub that they quickly decide to rename Google.
 1999: Kevin Ashton conceives the idea that everyday objects,
and not just computers, could be part of the Internet. This
idea is now known as the Internet of Things.

2000s: Internet and Web for all

 2003: Virtually every country in the world is now connected to

the Internet.
 2004: Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg revolutionizes social
networking with Facebook, an easy-to-use website that connects
people with their friends.
 2006: Jack Dorsey and Evan Williams found Twitter, an even
simpler "microblogging" site where people share their thoughts
and observations in off-the-cuff, 140-character status
messages.
 2017: Russian president Vladimir Putin approves a plan to
create a private alternative to the Internet to counter the
historic dominance of the (traditional) Internet by the United
States.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Internet

Advantages:

1. Communication:

The foremost target of internet has always been the communication.

And internet has excelled beyond the expectations. Still;
innovations are going on to make it faster, more reliable.

Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is

sitting in the other part of the world. Today for better
communication, we can avail the facilities of e-mail; we can chat
for hours with our loved ones. There are plenty messenger services
in offering. With help of such services, it has become very easy to
establish a kind of global friendship where you can share your
thoughts, can explore other cultures of different ethnicity.

2. Information

Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering.

The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of
information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet.
The search engines like Google, yahoo is at your service on the
Internet. You can almost find any type of data on almost any kind of
subject that you are looking for. There is a huge amount of
information available on the internet for just about every subject
known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs

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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023
and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical
support, the list is endless.

Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet
for research. Today, it is almost required that students should use
the Internet for research for the purpose of gathering resources.
Teachers have started giving assignments that require research on
the Internet. Almost every coming day, researches on medical issues
become much easier to locate.

3. Entertainment

Media of internet has become quite successful in trapping

multifaceted entertainment factor. Downloading games, visiting chat
rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the uses people have
discovered. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the
Internet for free. The industry of online gaming has tasted dramatic
and phenomenal attention by game lovers. Chat rooms are popular
because users can meet new and interesting people.

4. Services

Many services are now provided on the internet such as online

banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies,
guidance services on array of topics engulfing every aspect of life,
and hotel reservations. Often these services are not available off-
line and can cost you more.

5. E-Commerce

E-commerce is the concept used for any type of commercial

maneuvering, or business deals that involves the transfer of
information across the globe via Internet. It has become a
phenomenon associated with any kind of shopping, almost anything.
You name it and Ecommerce with its giant tentacles engulfing every
single product and service will make you available at your door
steps. It has got a real amazing and wide range of products from
household needs, technology to entertainment.

Disadvantages:

1. Theft of Personal information

If you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your
personal information such as name, address, credit card number etc.
can be accessed by other culprits to make your problems worse.

2. Spamming

Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide

no purpose and needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal
activities can be very frustrating for you, and so instead of just

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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023
ignoring it, you should make an effort to try and stop these
activities so that using the Internet can become that much safer.

3. Virus threat

Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning

of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more
prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole
hard disk, causing you considerable headache.

4. Pornography

This is perhaps the biggest threat related to your children’s

healthy mental life, a very serious issue concerning the Internet.
There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can
be easily found and can be a detrimental factor to letting children
use the Internet.

Internet Communication

Internet communication is referred to as the sharing of information,

ideas, or simply words over the World Wide Web, or the Internet. The
Internet consists of a worldwide string of connected networks that
exchanges data through packet switching using the standardized
Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).

Types of Internet Communication

With the advent of high-speed internet connections, the internet has

created more ways of instant communications that provide a vast
option of information sharing.

Social Media Sites

This is a no-brainer. Almost everyone with access to the web has a

social media account. Whether it be Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or
what have you, a single post can connect you to a friend or loved
one through means of “liking”, “sharing”, or “commenting”.

Instant Messaging

Instant message, or IM, is sending a real-time message from one user

to another. Examples are Yahoo! Messenger, Windows Live Messenger,
or the millennial-crush Snapchat.

E-mail

Electronic mail, is the techy version of the traditional mail. This

is more likely to be performed when engaging with a person
officially, be it conducting a business, heeding for certain
requests, or just simply saying “Hi”.

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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023
Chat Rooms

Before the rise of Social Media, chat rooms were the golden boys of
the internet. It’s the equivalent of partying and getting to know
each other where people come together to communicate in the same
“room”.

Forum

Forums are specifically directed to people who have questions or

want to start an idea or thought through group discussions. Each
post is classified as a thread and is normally monitored by a mod,
or moderator, who can either edit or remove unnecessary posts that
are irrelevant to the discussion at hand.

Blog

Consider this as your pre-internet, journal or diary. Before, a

journal zooms in on one person’s life story. Now, a blog is used for
more than life-sharing people do blogs to earn money by promoting
products, information-sharing, giving tutorial, and even making
political statements. People can comment and subscribe to their
blogs if they like the contents.

Internet Terms:

aDSL – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A data communications

technology that uses copper-based telephone lines for transmission.
It’s a distance sensitive service, meaning your Internet speed will
depend on your location from a central telephone exchange.

ASP – Application Service Provider. A company that provides software

applications to customers over the Internet.

DNS – Domain Name System. This system allows the association of a

website name to an IP (Internet Protocol) address, so we don’t have
to remember an IP address all the time.

Gbps – Gigabit Per Second. Bit rate or data rate measurement of a

computer network. A 1Gbps fiber Internet connection = 1000Mbps
(Megabits Per Second).

Gig – Gigabit. In data communications, a Gigabit is equal to one

billion bits.

HTML – Hypertext Markup Language. A type of system used to markup

text files to add fonts, color, graphics, links etc. Commonly used
by web designers.

HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol. An application protocol for

information systems and the data communication foundation for the
web.

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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023

IoT – Internet of Things. A network of devices or physical objects

connected via the Internet.

IP – Internet Protocol. Often used with IP address. An IP address is

a number assigned to any device which connects to the Internet.
Check your IP address and find out more about IP addresses by
clicking on the link.

ISP – Internet Service Provider. A company that provides Internet

and often telephone services as well.

Kbps – Kilobits Per Second. A measurement of data transfer speed.

Often associated with modems or Internet connections. 1Kbps = 1000
bits per second.

LAN – Local Area Network. A computer network that connects computers

within a certain area, such as an office, school, lab or home.

MAN – Metropolitan Area Network. Larger than a LAN, a MAN is a

computer network that may cover part of a city, a city or even
designated areas around a city.

Mbps – Megabits Per Second. A measurement of data transfer speed.

1Mbps = 1000 kilobits.

PBX – Private Branch Exchange. A phone system used to make both

internal employee to employee calls and external phone calls.

RAM – Random Access Memory. A form of computer data storage. Not to

be confused with the Daft Punk Album, ‘Random Access Memories’.

SSL – Secure Sockets Layer. Security technology which encrypts links

commonly between web servers and browsers.

LTE – Long Term Evolution. A 4G mobile / wireless communications

standard, that is faster than 3G, but not as fast as the 5G mobile
standard. LTE provides faster connection speeds than 3G and 4G over
devices such as smartphones and tablets.

VoIP – Voice Over Internet Protocol. A method and technology used to

deliver voice communications using an Internet connection. For
example, Skype, or Viber.

VPN – Virtual Private Network. A secure private network, which uses

a public network such as the Internet to connect users.

WAN – Wide Area Network. A network that covers a large area. For
example, a telecommunications network that may cover a metro,
national or even international area.

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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023
Wi-Fi / WiFi / Wifi / Wi-fi – Wireless Fidelity. Local wireless
technology that allows devices to exchange data.

3G – (3rd generation). A collection of 3rd generation cellular data

technologies.

4G – (4th generation). A collection of 4th generation cellular data

technologies, which succeeded 3G.

5G – (5th generation). A collection of 5th generation cellular data

technologies, which succeeded 4G. The current mobile standard
available, as of 2019 and beyond in many nations.

The Importance of Internet in Students Life

The internet has brought about many advancements in communication,

technology, communication as well as education. The internet could
serve as a tutor to the students. Students can use the internet for
quick purposes to avail information and the knowledge they need for
the projects and assignments. In spite of the debates and criticisms
against internet use for students, it still contributes to the
growth in their lives and academic world.

1) It does not require breaks or time

The world of internet is always active and never takes a break. This
fact allows the students to complete their assignments, research
projects and work at any time that suits them. Regardless if you are
looking for assistance or a report for reading, you can always find
it around the clock in the internet.

2) Real-time data

The online world has the capability of being in real time. There is
an estimation that more than 60,000 pages of new data are inserted
to the web each passing day. This estimation implies students have
better current information that is up-to-date. The real-time data
also assist the teachers in tailoring lectures in a more exciting
way.

3) New methods of socialization

The internet provides students with new methods of interacting with

each other through social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook.
Various online applications additionally permit students to get
meaningful ways of connecting and building relationships as they
study. Students can interact with their companions at any time they
want.

4) Helps in the research process

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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

School of Criminology
Second Semester, S.Y. 2022
-
2023
The Internet makes research basic, simple, and speedy and also makes
it more appealing. The internet is an effective platform for
conducting your research if your lecturer gives you a research
project to work on. You will find a lot of sites on the web that can
provide vast information about various subjects and topics.

5) New ways of connecting with colleagues and friends

Internet is becoming a crucial tool for connecting students to their

teachers and friends. There are a lot of social networking websites
on the internet which allows you to interact with teachers and
friends. Additionally, some developers have innovated social
networks which are mainly designed for teachers and students.

6) Online Education

Online education is garnering popularity among students across the

globe. And also, online learning allows you to learn a course
without joining campus. A lot of well-known universities have
created a lot of online programs, and students mostly use this to
further their studies even as they work.

Reference/s:

 [Link]
 [Link]
abbreviations/
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[Link]#:~:text=Internet%20communication%20is
%20referred%20to,Suite%20(TCP%2FIP).
 [Link]

Prepared by:

IT Instructors

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