LOGIC OF ALL IMPORTANT C PROGRAMS (BCA 1ST SEM – PRACTICALS)
1. Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide Two Numbers
Logic: Take two numbers from user → apply +, -, *, / operators → print results.
2. Swap Two Numbers (Using Third Variable)
Logic: Use a temporary variable to hold one number → swap values.
3. Swap Without Third Variable
Logic: Use arithmetic: a = a+b; b = a-b; a = a-b.
4. Simple Interest
Logic: SI = (P * R * T) / 100.
5. Temperature Conversion
Logic: Celsius to Fahrenheit → F = (C * 9/5) + 32.
6. Even or Odd
Logic: A number is even if num % 2 == 0 else odd.
7. Greatest of Three Numbers
Logic: Compare using nested if/else or logical operators.
8. Vowel or Consonant
Logic: Check if character matches a, e, i, o, u (both cases).
9. Positive, Negative, Zero
Logic: If num > 0 → positive; < 0 → negative; else zero.
10. Prime Number
Logic: A number is prime if divisible by 1 and itself → check divisibility from 2 to n/2.
11. Leap Year
Logic: Year divisible by 4 → leap except century years unless divisible by 400.
12. Factorial
Logic: Multiply numbers from 1 to n using loop.
13. Fibonacci Series
Logic: Start with 0, 1 → next term = sum of previous two.
14. Multiplication Table
Logic: Loop from 1 to 10 → multiply each step by number.
15. Reverse a Number
Logic: Extract digits using %10 → build reverse using reverse*10 + digit.
16. Palindrome Number
Logic: Reverse number → check if original == reversed.
17. Largest Element in Array
Logic: Assume arr[0] is largest → compare with each element.
18. Smallest Element in Array
Logic: Same as largest, but check smaller values.
19. Sort Array
Logic: Use bubble sort or simple nested loops to swap values.
20. Sum of Array Elements
Logic: Loop through array → accumulate sum.
21. Linear Search
Logic: Compare key with each element one-by-one.
22. Binary Search
Logic: Use mid index → compare and eliminate half array each step (sorted array required).
23. String Length (Without Library)
Logic: Use loop → count characters until '\0'.
24. Reverse String
Logic: Swap characters from start and end moving inward.
25. Palindrome String
Logic: Compare string with its reversed version.
26. Compare Two Strings
Logic: Check characters one-by-one until difference is found.
27. Concatenate Strings
Logic: Move to end of first string → start copying second string.
28. Function – Factorial
Logic: Use recursion or loop inside function.
29. Function – GCD
Logic: Use Euclidean algorithm: gcd(a, b) = gcd(b, a % b).
30. Prime using Function
Logic: Create function to check divisibility inside loop.
31. Call by Value vs Reference
Logic: Value passes copy; reference passes address → actual variable changes only by reference.
32. Pointer Basics
Logic: Pointer stores memory address → *pointer gives value at that address.
33. Swap Using Pointers
Logic: Dereference pointers to access & swap values.
34. Pointer to Array
Logic: Pointer holds address of first element → *(p+i) accesses array elements.
35. Structures – Student Record
Logic: Define structure → use dot operator to assign & display values.
36. Structure vs Union
Logic: Structure stores all members separately; union shares same memory → only one active at a
time.
37. File Write
Logic: Open file in "w" mode → fprintf/fputs to write.
38. File Read
Logic: Open file in "r" mode → fgets/fscanf to read.
39. EOF Logic
Logic: Loop continues until End of File is reached.