OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
Name: Krizia Lei Honey B. Carpina Date: November 04, 2023
Course/Year/Sec: BSN 1-Y1-7 Teacher: Dr. Albert Gironella
EXERCISE NO. 14
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
GIO. To distinguish the various endocrine glands
SIO.
1. Enumerate the different endocrine glands and identify their hormones.
Pituitary Gland
● Growth Hormone (GH)
● Prolactin (PRL)
● Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
● Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
● Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
● Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
● Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin)
● Oxytocin
Hypothalamus (Although not a gland, it plays a key role in regulating the
pituitary gland)
● Release hormones that stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary
hormones, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
Thyroid Gland
● Thyroxine (T4)
● Triiodothyronine (T3)
● Calcitonin
Parathyroid Glands
● Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Cortex
● Cortisol
● Aldosterone
● Androgens
Adrenal Medulla
● Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
● Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
Pancreas
● Insulin
● Glucagon
● Somatostatin
Pineal Gland
● Melatonin
Ovaries (in females)
● Estrogen (estradiol)
● Progesterone
Testes (in males)
● Testosterone
Thymus
● Thymosin and other thymic hormones
Kidney
● Erythropoietin (EPO)
● Renin
● Calcitriol (active form of vitamin D)
Heart
● Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Gastrointestinal Tract (various hormones involved in digestion and
appetite regulation)
● Gastrin
● Secretin
● Cholecystokinin (CCK)
● Ghrelin
Skin (in response to UV radiation)
● Vitamin D
Placenta (during pregnancy)
● Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
● Estrogen
● Progesterone
2. Describe the functions of the identified hormones
Pituitary Gland Hormones
● Growth Hormone (GH)
- Stimulates the growth and development of bones, muscles,
and tissues.
● Prolactin (PRL)
- Stimulates milk production in mammary glands (lactation).
● Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
● Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol and other
corticosteroids.
● Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Regulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in
females and sperm production in males.
● Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production
in males.
● Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- Regulates water balance by controlling the reabsorption of
water in the kidneys.
● Oxytocin
- Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk
ejection during breastfeeding.
Hypothalamus Hormones
● Hypothalamic hormones
- regulate the release of pituitary hormones, influencing
various endocrine functions in the body.
Thyroid Gland Hormones
● Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
- Regulate metabolic rate, growth, and development.
● Calcitonin
- Regulates calcium levels in the blood by promoting calcium
deposition in bone.
Parathyroid Glands Hormone
● Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- Increases blood calcium levels by promoting the release of
calcium from bone and enhancing calcium absorption in the
intestines.
Adrenal Gland Hormones
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
● Cortisol
- Regulates metabolism, immune response, and helps the
body respond to stress.
● Aldosterone
- Regulates sodium and potassium balance in the body.
● Androgens
- Play a role in the development of secondary sexual
characteristics.
Adrenal Medulla Hormones
● Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
- Prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response, increasing
heart rate and blood pressure.
Pancreas Hormones
● Insulin
- Lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake by
cells.
● Glucagon
- Raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to
release glucose.
● Somatostatin
- Regulates the release of insulin and glucagon.
Pineal Gland Hormone
● Melatonin
- Regulates sleep-wake cycles and influences various
biological rhythms.
Ovaries Hormones (in females
● Estrogen (estradiol)
- Regulates the menstrual cycle, supports pregnancy, and is
involved in the development of secondary sexual
characteristics.
● Progesterone
- Prepares the uterus for pregnancy and maintains pregnancy.
Testes Hormone (in males)
● Testosterone
- Promotes the development of male secondary sexual
characteristics and supports sperm production.
Thymus Hormones
● Thymosin and other thymic hormones
- Play a role in the development and function of T
lymphocytes, which are essential for immune response.
Kidneys Hormones
● Erythropoietin (EPO)
- Stimulates the production of red blood cells.
● Renin
- Regulates blood pressure and sodium balance.
● Calcitriol
- Regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the body.
\
Heart Hormone
● Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
- Regulates blood pressure and fluid balance by promoting the
excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys.
Gastrointestinal Tract Hormones
● Gastrin
- Stimulates gastric acid secretion.
● Secretin
- Regulates bicarbonate secretion in the pancreas.
● Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Stimulates the release of digestive enzymes and bile.
● Ghrelin
- Regulates appetite and growth hormone release.
Skin Hormone
● Vitamin D
- Plays a role in calcium absorption and bone health
.
Placenta Hormones (during pregnancy)
● Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
- Supports the corpus luteum to produce progesterone in early
pregnancy.
● Estrogen and Progesterone
- Support pregnancy and fetal development.
3. Draw an entire human body and illustrate with labels the location of these
endocrine glands.
Endocrine system | Definition, Organs, Function, Structure, Diagram, & Facts | Britannica