(1) Oxidation states and uses:

1. Element with electron configuration: (n−1)d1,ns2, where it is used

with element A in the manufacture of high-efficiency lighting. The
electronic configuration of element A is .......
(A) [Ar] 4s2,3d1
(B) [Xe] 6s2,4f14,5d10
(C) [Ar] 4s1,3d5
(D) [Ar] 4s2,3d5

2. Element X from d-block has 2 unpaired electrons in the 4d orbital.

Find the possible oxidation states and the group number ?
(A) IVB, (2,3)
(B) VIII (2,3,4)
(C) VIII, (2,4)
(D) VB, (3,4)

3. Element X contains its electrons distributed in 4 main energy levels,

and its principal energy level before the last contains 13 electrons. All
the following statements are correct about element X, except the
following:
(A) it is brittle in pure state and used in the form of compounds or alloys only
(B) It has a high degree of chemical activity but it resists atmospheric factors.
(C) The 3d sublevel is half-filled with electrons.
(D) one of Its oxides are used as dyes in the manufacture of ceramics and glass.

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4. Element X from the first transition series forms compounds where
it loses electrons from the 3d sublevel five times of which are in the
fourth principal energy level. Therefore, it can be ......
(A) K2MnO4
(B) CrO3
(C) MnO4-2
(D) Cr2O3

5. Two consecutive transition elements, X, Y. If Y precedes X and X has

a maximum oxidation state = +6. Which of the following statements is
incorrect?
(A) one of their salts are used in the detection of alcoholic beverages.
(B) The magnetic moment of X+2 equals Y+2.
(C) One of the oxides of Y are excellent catalysts in the oxidation of toluene.
(D) The second ionization energy of X is greater than the second ionization energy of Y.

6. Compound A is used in the manufacture of dyes, and compound B

is used as dyes in the manufacture of glass. Which of the following is
correct?
(A) The transition element cation in each of them has the same number of
unpaired electrons.
(B) Both are strong reducing agents.
(C) The transition element in each of them has the same oxidation number.
(D) Both of them do not exceed their maximum oxidation number.

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7) X, Y are two consecutive elements from the first transition series.
Each contains an odd number of electrons in the 3d sublevel, and the
number of unpaired electrons in X4+ is greater than in Y6+ by one
electron. Which of the following is correct?
(A) X is used to reduce the activation energy in the process of Haber Bosch reaction.
(B) One of the compounds of Y is used as dyes for glass and ceramic.
(C) X is used in aircraft manufacturing.
(D) Y is used as one of its oxides in oxygen preparation.

8) Element X from the 3d series has 15 completely filled orbitals.

What is the incorrect statement about this element ?
(A) It is used in the galvanization of other metals to protect them from rust.
(B) It is a transition element.
(C) has one oxidation state.
(D) It is located in group IIB.

9) Transition metal (X) has only one oxidation state, So the chemical
formula for element (X) chloride is ....
a) XCl
b) XCl2
c) XCl3
d) XCl4

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10) Transition element (X), the chemical formula of its oxide is (XO)
and the ion (X) in the oxide contains 24 electrons, so metal (X) can be
used in .........
a) Leather tanning.
b) Reinforced Concrete.
C) Metal painting.
d) Dental implants.

11) A transition element of the first main transition series has the
electronic structure ns2, (n-1)d(n+4):
Which of the following processes can’t it be used for?
A) Detection and treatment of tumors.
b) Manufacture of heating coils and electric furnaces.
C) Rust and acid resistant alloys.
D) Hydrogenation of oils as a catalyst.

12) Three consecutive transition elements in the first transition series

(Z, Y, X), element X, is used in manufacture of rechargeable batteries.
Which of the following is the electronic structure of the ions of these
elements in the following oxides?
Choices ZO Y₂O₃ XO₂
A 3d⁶ 3d⁶ 3d⁶
B 3d⁸ 3d⁶ 3d⁸
C 3d⁶ 3d⁸ 3d⁶
D 3d⁶ 3d⁸ 3d⁸

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 (2) Stability Ideas :
13) Element (X) is from 1st transition series and followed by element
(Z) in the series, Z is the most difficult to be oxidized from Z2+ to Z3+.
The element (X) is ..........
a) Fe
b) Mn
c) Cu
d) Zn

14 ) Given the electronic configurations of some transition metal

cations:
X2+ [Ar],3d2 and Y2+[Ar], 3d6
Which of the following is the easiest process?
a) Reduction of Y3+ to Y2+
b) Reduction of X4+ to X3+
c) Oxidation of Y2+ to Y3+
d) Oxidation of X3+ to X5+

15) Which of the following processes is easiest process?

a) FeCl3→FeCl2
b) VBr5→VBr3
c) (MnO4−) →MnO2
d) TiO→TiO2

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16) From the following reactions:
TiO₂ → Ti₂O₃
MnO₂ → MnO
Which of the following is correct?
a) Oxidation of the transition element in the first reaction.
b) Oxidation of the transition element in the second reaction.
c) A less stable compound forms in the first reaction.
d) A less stable compound forms in the second reaction

17) Element X is from the first transition series and it is easily reduced
from X+3 to X+2 in the normal conditions so, the element X is ………….
a) Fe
b) Mn
c) Co
d) Ni

18- Which of the following processes is difficult to happen?

a) Mn+3 → Mn+4
b) Ti+4 → Ti+3
c) V+2 → V+3
d) Fe+2 → Fe+3

19- Which one of the following conversions can be easily happened

under normal conditions?
a) CoO → Co2O3
b) ZnO → Zn2O3
c) VO2 → V2O5
d) MnO → Mn2O3
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20- Which of the following may act as reducing agent?
a) Sc2(SO4)3
b) ZnSO4
c) MnCl7
d) CrSO4

(3) Zeff & Ionization potential:

21) Z, Y, X are three elements from the first transition series, one of
their oxidation states is characterized by its 3d sublevel being half-
filled with electrons. So , if you know that the arrangement of the
atoms of these elements according to the magnetic moment X > Y > Z
Which of the following is correct ?
(A) The third ionization energy of element X is less than the second ionization
……energy of element Y.
(B) The third ionization energy of element X is greater than the third ionization
……energy of element Y.
(C) The effective nuclear charge of element X is greater than the effective nuclear
……charge of element Z.
(D) The effective nuclear charge of element X is greater than the effective nuclear
……charge of element Y.

22) Which of the following transition elements has lowest third

ionization potential?
a) Ni
b) Cr
c) Mn
d) Co

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23) The diagram represents the ionization energies of one of the
elements from the first transition series. One of this element's
compounds is used in:
a) Leather tanning
b) Coloring glass
c) Preparing oxygen
d) Fungicide

(4) Properties of transition elements:

24) X, Y are two elements from the transition series, one of their ions
each containing 23 electrons. If the density of element X is greater
than the density of element Y, which of the following express X, Y
correctly?
Choice X Y
A Mn V
B Fe Co
C Co Fe
D V Mn

25) A, B are two consecutive transition elements from the first transition
series. If ion A in ACl2 has unpaired electrons, atomic mass of B is higher
than the element that follows it in the series. Then A and B are ......
(A) Chromium and Manganese
(B) Manganese and Cobalt
(C) Iron and Cobalt
(D) Zinc and Manganese

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26) X, Y are two consecutive transition elements from the first
transition series. X, Y are located in the same group. The density of X is
greater than the density of Y, and the atomic mass of Y is less than X.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) divided Y is used in the hydrogenation of oil.
(B) Element Y is easily oxidized from +2 to +3
(C) Element X is located in the 8th column of the block d.
(D) element X is used in reinforced concrete

27) In front of you a section of the periodic table with four consecutive
elements [A, B, C, and D], which of the following is correct?

a) Element C has a higher density than D

b) Maximum oxidation number of (B) lower than that of (A)
c) Element D has a higher ionization potential than C
d) Element A has a lower atomic radius than B

28) Which of the following is correct regarding the properties of the

following transition elements?
21 Sc, 24Cr, 26Fe, 28Ni
a) Ni has the highest atomic mass.
b) Fe has the highest density.
c) Cr has the lowest melting point.
d) Sc is the least reactive.

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 (5) Paramagnetic & Diamagnetic Property:

29-All of the following elements can form diamagnetic substances

except:
a) Titanium
b) Chromium
C) Manganese
d) Iron

30) Arrange the following compounds according to their magnetic

moment:
Fe2(SO4)3, CuCl2, ScCl3, Ni2(SO4)3
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

31) A transition element from the first transition series in its (2+ )
oxidation state has the maximum magnetic moment. The electronic
configuration of this element in the (3+) oxidation state is:
a) 4s0, 3d5
b) 4s2, 3d5
c) 4s0, 3d3
d) 4s0, 3d4

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32) An element of the first transition series, considered as a Para
magnetic Element, has the highest density, one of its compounds is
used in ................
a) Detecting malignant tumors.
b) Galvanizing metals
c) Sunscreen products.
d) Glucose detection.

(6) catalyst:

33) In one of the reactions, ∆𝑯 = -50KJ. If you know that the activation
energy of the backward reaction without catalyst equals four times
the energy of the products, and when using a catalyst, the activation
energy decreased by 10KJ until became 100KJ, so the energy of the
reactants is ............
a) 90
b) 65
c) 40
d) 50

34) In the following reversible reaction: 2AB3 ⇌ A2 + 3B2, if you know

that the energy of the reactants equal -90 KJ, and the energy of the
products equals 0 KJ, and the activation energy of the catalyzed
forward reaction equals 142 KJ. Calculate the activation energy of the
catalyzed backward reaction ?
a) 90 KJ
b) 52 KJ
c) 232 KJ
d) -90 KJ
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35) If X is half Z and Y is four times Z and by addition of a catalyst to
the reaction medium, the activation energy decreases to quarter then
the catalyzed activation energy equals ……. and the saved energy
equals …..…..
a) 2.2Z , 1.5X
b) Z , 2X
c) 0.75Z , 4.5X
d) 1.3Z , 0.5Y

7. Extraction of iron

36) During roasting of limonite in air which of the following is correct?

a) Oxidation state of iron doesn’t change
b) The percentage of iron decreases in the final product
c) The mass of the ore decreases then increases
d) Reduction then oxidation occur for the cation of iron

37) On roasting a sample of magnetite oxide , ..........

a. The magnetic moment increases and the mass of sample decreases
b. The magnetic moment increases, and the color doesn’t change
c. The magnetic moment decreases and the mass of sample increases
d. The magnetic moment increases and the mass of sample increases

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38) Getting rid of impurities from the iron ore in the solid state through
........... and in the gaseous state through ..........
a) Oxidation – sintering
b) Surface tension – crushing
c) Magnetic separation – roasting
d) Roasting – electric separation

39) The number of moles of yellowish grey ore required to produce 1

mole of iron in the blast furnace is equal to ...........
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

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 (8) Iron and Iron oxides reactions:

40. Study the following two reactions:

𝒏𝒐 𝒂𝒊𝒓/∆
(COO)2Fe(s) → D(s) + E(g) + F(g)
∆
FeSO4 → A(s) + B(g) + C(g)
If you know the (F) reduced by the divided carbon in presence of heat
to (E), and (C) doesn’t change the color of potassium dichromate
solution acidified with conc. Sulphuric acid, so which of the following
is correct?
a. E: CO2 ,B: SO3
b. A: Fe2O3, B: SO3
c. E: CO , C: SO3
d. D: FeO, C: SO2

41. Study the following two reactions:

Fe(s) +A(l) → X(aq) + Y(aq) + W(g) + Z(v)
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄/∆
Fe3O4 + A(l) → X(aq) + Y(aq) + Z(v)
If you know that heating X(S) strongly produces W so, ..........
a) X: FeSO4 , W: SO3
b) Y: Fe2(SO4)3 , W: SO2
c) X: Fe2 (SO4)3 ,Z: H2O
d) Y: FeSO4 ,Z: H2O

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42. Study the following diagram :

a) X: FeO, Z: Fe(OH)2 , P: Fe3O4

b) X: FesO4 , Z: Fe(OH)3 , P: FeO
c) X: Fe(OH)2, Z: Fe2O3, P: FeO
d) X: FeCl2, Z: Fe(OH)3 , P: Fe2O3

43. Which of the following choices expresses obtaining FeCl2 from

Fe(OH)3?
a) Addition of HCl acid and heating
b) Heating strongly then reduction at 250oC the addition of dil. HCl
c) Heating strongly then reduction at 500oC the addition of dil. HCl
d) Heating in air then reduction in high furnace then adding concentrated HCl

44. The used chemical processes in obtaining iron II chloride from iron
oxide which contain the highest percentage of iron is ..........
a) Strong heating in air then reaction with diluted hydrochloric acid
b) Passing CO at 900oC then reaction with Chlorine
c) Passing CO at 600oC then reaction with diluted hydrochloric acid
d) Strong heating in air then reaction with chorine

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45) The following diagram shows three types of Iron compounds:

What is the type of Iron compounds (X), (Y), (Z)?

(A) (X) Iron (II) oxide / (Y) Iron (II) hydroxide / (Z) Iron (II) salt
(B) (X) Iron (II) salt / (Y) Iron (II) oxide / (Z) Iron (II) hydroxide
(C) (X) Iron (III) hydroxide / (Y) Iron (III) oxide / (Z) Iron (III) salt
(D) (X)Solution of Iron (III) salt / (Y) Iron (III) hydroxide / (Z) Iron (III) oxide

46) From the opposite diagram, which of the following is correct?

(a) 2: FeSO4, 3: Fe(OH)2, 4: Fe3O4
(b) 1: Fe2O3, 2: FeSO4, 3: Fe(OH)3
(c) 2: FeSO4, 3: Fe(OH)2, 4: Fe2O3
(d) 1: Fe2O3, 2: FeSO4, 3: Fe(OH)2

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47) All of the following diagrams are correct, except:

48) Which of the following choices is correct to obtain the black ore
from the reaction of FeCl3 with NH4OH?
(A) Heating in air that contains then adding dilute HCl.
(B) Heating above 200°C, then reduction by CO at 250c
(C) Heating, then reduction at 700c
(D) Reduction by H2 at 500°C then neutralization with dilute hydrochloric acid.

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49) In the following equation, which statement is correct?
𝑭𝒆 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒕𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝒂𝒊𝒓
Oxalic acid → A → B
(A) The number of unpaired electrons in molecule B exceeds A by 6
(B) B reacts with dilute acids and gives Iron (II) salt.
(C) Upon heating A in absence of air, the oxidation number changes.
(D) The magnetic moment of iron atom exceeds magnetic moment of iron ion in A

50) Iron oxide contains 14 unpaired electrons. Which of the following

is incorrect?
(A) It reacts with dilute acids and gives iron (III) salt.
(B) It can be reduced by hydrogen at 800 and the number of unpaired electrons
decreases.
(C) It can be reduced by hydrogen at 600 and the number of unpaired electrons
decreases.
(D) It is oxidized partially in air.

51) How to obtain Fe(OH)3 from iron……..

(A) Heating in air for a long period then reaction with concentrated HCl then
adding ammonia solution.
(B) Adding dilute HCl then NH4OH.
(C) Heating in absence of air, then adding dil HCl, then adding NaOH
(D) Heating in air, then dilute H2SO4, then NH4OH.

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52) When adding ammonia solution to one of iron(III) salt, substance A
is formed whose color is reddish brown. upon heating this substance
above 200°C, substance B is formed, and upon heating substance B
with carbon monoxide at a temperature of 230-300°C, substance C is
formed. The substances A, B, C are respectively .............

Choices A B C
A Fe(OH)2 Fe2O3 FeO
B Fe3O4 Fe(OH)3 Fe
C Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe3O4
D Fe2O3 FeO Fe3O4

53) From the following diagram, which of the following is correct?

7

(A) Iron ion in E and C contain the same number of unpaired electrons.
(B) X could be HCl(aq) and B could be iron(III) salt.
(C) X is dil sulfuric acid, and C is reddish brown.
(D) (B), (C) are correct.

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54) To obtain a reddish brown compound from yellow iron ore, the
processes to be performed are respectively:
a) Roasting - reduction at 600OC - addition of dilute sulphuric acid - heating.
b) Cracking - addition of dilute sulphuric acid - oxidation - addition of an alkaline
….solution.
c) Roasting - reduction at 800OC - heating and passing chlorine gas - addition of
….alkaline solution.
d) Cracking - roasting - addition of concentrated sulphuric acid – reduction

55) The correct order to obtain iron (II) sulphide from siderite is
a) reduction/oxidation/heating/reaction with sulphur
b) heating/oxidation/reduction/reaction with sulphur
C) Reaction with sulphur/oxidation/reduction/heating
d) Reaction with sulphur/heating/reduction/oxidation

56) The following scheme represents the reactions of iron and its
oxides at the suitable conditions:

300oC

Which of the following choices illustrates (A), (B) and (C) ?

Choices A B C
A Fe3O4 FeO Fe2O3
B FeO Fe3O4 Fe2O3
C FeO Fe2O3 Fe3O4
D Fe2O3 Fe3O4 FeO

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 (9) Alloys:

57) X, Y are consecutive transition elements from the first transition

series. When X+2 is oxidized to X+3 the number of unpaired electrons in
the orbital increases, and when Y+2 is oxidized to Y+3 the number of
unpaired electrons in the orbital decreases. Which of the following
statements is correct?
a) X forms a substitutional alloy with Y and is called stainless steel.
b) X forms an alloy with Y and is used in manufacturing of railways
c) X forms an alloy with Y and is used in plating the metallic handles.
d) X forms an alloy with Y and is used in manufacturing of electric furnaces

58) A and B alloys. Each alloy is composed of two elements from the
first transition series,
Alloy A: is composed of x element (a transition element) and Y (non-
transition) and it is used to cover iron handles.
Alloy B: It is composed of a transition element Z which contains 4
unpaired electrons and a non-transition element Y.
It is possible to distinguish between alloys A, B by ................
(A) Adding dilute HCl, where alloy A dissolves completely and alloy B partially.
(B) Adding dilute HCl, where alloy B dissolves completely and alloy A partially.
(C) Adding concentrated HNO3, where alloy B dissolves completely and alloy A
partially.
(D) Adding dilute H2SO4, where alloy B dissolves partially and alloy A completely.

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59) Three Elements A, B, C, are anomalous in their electron configuration
• Elements A, B are located in the first transition series.
• Element C is located in the sixth period and its oxidation state exceeds
..its group number.
• Element A is the transition element with the highest density in its Serie.
Which of the following is correct?
(A) The resulting alloy from mixing A with C is an interstitial alloy.
(B) The resulting alloy from mixing B with A is a intermetallic alloy.
(C) The resulting alloy from mixing A with C is a substitutional alloy.
(D) The resulting alloy from mixing B with Fe is an interstitial alloy.

60) Steel, is a solid mixture consisting of carbon atoms get into the
holes of an Iron atom structure, is an example of .............
a) An Intermetallic alloy
b) Brass alloy
c) A substitutional alloy
d) an interstitial alloy

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