PROGRAM - 1
Conceptual Understanding of website, domain name, absolute vs
relative URLs
1. Goto any website (E.g Book My Show
or Make My Trip). Do the following:
Choose the options given and observe the URL Bar and
changes to it. (Eg: Movie Name/ To and From place)
2. Goto Educational websites. E.g RV University,
MSRIT, RVCE, CMU etc Next go to Red Cross
or World-Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
Now go to Indian Railways website
Move on to see the NATO
Homepage or [Link] Lastly go to
[Link]
Observe the difference in “Domain Names”
3. Browse through different websites and identify the
following seven components of a web page
Header
Navigation Bar /
Menu Bar Feature
Image / Video
Sliders
Website
Content
Sidebar
Footer
4. Observe web pages adapt to different GUI screen sizes -
e.g. mobile phones, laptops, tablets etc.
1. Alice is trying to access a website using her web browser. She
enters the website's domain name in the address bar. Explain the
process of how her computer resolves the domain name to an IP
address and accesses the website.
ANS –
Browser Cache Check – The browser first checks if it already knows the IP
from a previous visit.
OS DNS Cache Check – If not found, the operating system checks its own
DNS cache.
Router/Local DNS Check – If still not found, the request goes to the router or
the ISP’s DNS server.
DNS Query – The DNS server starts searching:
First the Root DNS servers
Then the TLD server (.com, .org, .net etc)
Then the Authoritative DNS server for the domain
The authoritative DNS server finally returns the IP address.
Browser uses that IP to:
Establish a connection (TCP handshake)
Send HTTP/HTTPS request
Website loads -
That’s the entire domain-to-IP resolution chain.
2. What are the parts of a Domain Name? Give one example
and describe the parts.
ANS~
A domain name has three main parts:
1. Subdomain – Optional
2. Second-Level Domain (SLD) – The actual name
3. Top-Level Domain (TLD) – .com, .org, etc.
Example:
[Link]
www → Subdomain
mit → SLD (organization name)
edu → TLD (education domain)
3. Name three domain names of websites that fall under:
3.1 Government
(.gov) ~ ANS~
· [Link]
· [Link]
· [Link]
3.2 Organization
(.org) ~ ANS~
· [Link]
· [Link]
· [Link]
3.3 Education
(.edu) ~ ANS~
· [Link]
· [Link]
· [Link]
3.4 Commercial
(.com) ~ ANS~
· [Link]
· [Link]
· [Link]
·
3.5 Network
Providers /
Computers (.net) ~ ANS~
· [Link]
· [Link]
· [Link]
3.6 International Databases or
Treaties (.int) ~ ANS~
· [Link]
· [Link]
· [Link]
4. Bob is setting up a new web server for his online
business. He needs to choose between HTTP and
HTTPS for secure communication. Explain the
differences between HTTP and HTTPS and
recommend which one Bob should use.
ANS~
HTTP
Data sent in plain text
Anyone can sniff or modify data
Not secure
HTTPS
Data is encrypted using SSL/TLS
Protects login info, payments, customer data
Boosts search ranking (Google prefers it)
Shows the “ lock icon” in browser
Recommendation
If Bob uses HTTP, he’s basically leaking user
info and making his site look shady.
He should always use HTTPS, especially for business,
payments, or user accounts. No debate.
5. Mark is working on a website with multiple pages.
He wants to create links between these pages. Explain
what a relative URL is, provide an example, and
describe when Mark should use relative URLs instead
of absolute ones.
ANS~
A relative URL gives a path relative to the current
page, not the full website address.
Example
Current page:
-[Link]
Relative link to another page in same folder:
-[Link]
Relative link to parent folder:
-../[Link]
When Mark should use relative URLs
-When linking between pages inside the same website
-When the site might change domain or be moved to
another server
-When building internal navigation (menus, buttons,
sections)
They keep things cleaner and easier to maintain.
Absolute URLs ([Link] are only needed
when linking to external websites.