Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur
Electrical Measurements & Instruments
Electrical measurements are the processes and methods used to determine the values of electrical
quantities such as voltage, current, resistance, power, energy, and frequency. These measurements are
essential in various fields, including electronics, engineering, and science.
Electrical measurements can be classified into two main categories:
Direct measurements: These measurements involve directly connecting a measuring instrument
to the circuit or component to be measured. Examples of direct measurements include measuring
voltage with a voltmeter, current with an ammeter, and resistance with an ohmmeter.
Indirect measurements: These measurements involve measuring an intermediate quantity that is
related to the electrical quantity to be measured. For example, power can be measured indirectly
by measuring voltage and current and calculating their product.
There are a variety of electrical measuring instruments available, each designed to measure a specific
electrical quantity. Some common types of electrical measuring instruments include:
Voltmeters: Voltmeters are used to measure voltage,
which is the potential difference between two points in an
electrical circuit. The unit of measurement for voltage is the
volt (V).
Ammeters: Ammeters are used to measure current, which
is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. The unit
of measurement for current is the ampere (A).
A-1 Basic Electrical Engineering I Page 1 of 5
Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur
Ohmmeters: Ohmmeters are used to measure resistance,
which is the opposition to the flow of electric current in a
conductor. The unit of measurement for resistance is the
ohm (Ω).
Multimeters: Multimeters are versatile instruments that
can measure multiple electrical quantities, such as voltage,
current, resistance, and capacitance.
Clamp-on Ammeter is a portable test instrument that
measures current in a circuit by measuring the magnetic
field's strength around a single conductor.
Oscilloscopes: Oscilloscopes are used to display
waveforms, which are graphical representations of
electrical signals. Oscilloscopes are particularly useful for
measuring the frequency and amplitude of electrical
signals.
Applications of Electrical Measurements
Troubleshooting: Electrical measurements can be used to troubleshoot electrical circuits and
identify faults.
Designing Circuits: Electrical measurements are used to design electrical circuits that meet
specific requirements.
Verifying Performance: Electrical measurements are used to verify that electrical circuits and
components are performing as expected.
Research and Development: Electrical measurements are used in research and development to
develop new electrical technologies.
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Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur
A-1 Basic Electrical Engineering I Page 3 of 5
Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur
A-1 Basic Electrical Engineering I Page 4 of 5
Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur
Exercise No.7
Instruction: Answer the following question and write your answer in a 1 whole sheet of paper and submit it
before the of class end.
1. What is the difference between direct and indirect electrical measurements?
2. What is the most common type of electrical measuring instrument?
3. How is voltage measured using a voltmeter?
4. How is current measured using an ammeter?
5. What is the purpose of a multimeter?
6. How is an oscilloscope used to measure the frequency of an electrical signal?
7. What is the difference between AC and DC measurements?
8. What are some of the safety precautions that should be taken when performing electrical
measurements?
9. How are electrical measurements used in troubleshooting electrical circuits?
10. What are some of the challenges of performing accurate electrical measurements?
11. How do I use a Sanwa analog multimeter to measure voltage?
12. How do I use a Sanwa analog multimeter to measure resistance?
13. How do I care for and maintain my Sanwa analog multimeter?
14. What are some of the common problems that can occur with Sanwa analog multimeters?
15. How do you troubleshoot a Sanwa analog multimeter?
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