HISTORIA:

The word athletics comes from the Greek 'athlon' which means struggle, competition, combat.

Nothing is known about the first sports tournaments, but they could very well have started in a.
foot race.

For more than three thousand years, athletic competitions have taken place. They were part of the
original Olympics held in Greece from 776 BC to 394 AD.
These were celebrated on the occasion of the institution of the Panathenaic Games in honor of Pallas.
Athena.

The foot race was the most practiced exercise by Greek athletes, who at the age of 12
For years they began their preparation on the track or in the gym. The first tracks drawn on
Flat surfaces measure 192.27m and were covered with coarse and loose sand that made it difficult.
correr libremente. La prueba que consistía en cubrir esa distancia se llamaba estacional doble
return to the track, day of the devil; the 4500 meter event, doric race. The long jump is
competitors practiced carrying heavy objects in their hands. The throw began
with stone discs, and later bronze was used. There were two styles of throwing:

Upwards: to qualify the highest, and in length, to qualify the greatest distance.

The javelin was also thrown in two planes: horizontal and vertical with predetermined targets; it was
indispensable that the javelin pierced its iron tip into the target; in the throws towards
up, after reaching their maximum height they had to fall inside a circle drawn on the
earth.

In the year 776 B.C., Corebus, from the Greek town of Elis, triumphed in the event of
career and in other competitions becoming the first Olympic champion in history.

In the year 394 B.C., 293 Olympic Games had been rigorously held.
Every 4 years in the valley of Olympia, a site chosen to honor Zeus. Not even the frequent
wars interfered with the celebration of the games as a truce was declared for such events.
which lasted a month, and was faithfully observed by the warring enemies.
TYPES OF TESTS

In athletics, there are two types of events:

Of track and
From the field.

TRACK TESTS

Track tests are conducted on oval tracks.

composed of two straight sections, connected by two sections
curves and almost all of those existing today outdoors
They measure 400 m. Many are simply marked in the grass.
from the fields of crops; but the best are
especially prepared and are intended only for careers in their
construction uses earth, clay, ash, brick
crushed, special plastic materials, etc. Those of
Asphalt and rubber started to be used in the decade of
1950; those made of plastic materials appeared in 1960. These types of tracks do not require
special care nor suffer the effects of the climate. The inner area of the field is used for
pole vault, shot put and other events. The radius of the track's curves is
36.50 m and the lanes measure from 1.22 to 1.25 m in width each and are numbered from left to
right.

100 M RACES

These races are only run in a straight line. Competitors must position themselves three meters from
distance from the appropriately warmed starting line.

The race is divided into three parts:

Exit
Race
Final or arrival.

The output is practically the most important activity of the test since it depends on it that
I managed to gain a takeoff and consequently a considerable advantage over the others.
competitors. To make an output with properties, it is necessary to make use of the so-called
exit block that consists of a wooden or metal device nailed or fixed to the
surface of the track, which will help you achieve a more effective start. Generally for the
three command voices are used for the exit:

Runners to your marks

Ready
"Out."

Below I will mention the main points of the regulation that must be followed.
100 m race and they are the following:

The competitor will be disqualified when:

Make two false starts

 Invade another lane that is not yours
Push or obstruct the path of an opponent.

Relay Races

Relay races are among the most interesting events of

the athletic meetings. They are the only ones where they face each other
teams. Four people make up a team running in turns and
passing the baton one by one.

There are two Olympic events of this kind. In one, each runner runs
100 meters before handing over the baton to a teammate in another each
covers 400 m.

The speed and agility in the handing over of the baton are factors
fundamentals. Thus, four good athletes who perform well can
easily beat four faster ones that perform the operation poorly.
The baton must change hands within a zone of 20 m.
The team that does not complete it will be disqualified.

MIDDLE DISTANCE RACES

Between sprint races and long-distance races, there are those of

medio fondo. Pero los expertos no se ponen de acuerdo e cuáles
are these. In the early days, all distances
ranging from 400 to 1,500 m were considered medium
background. Currently, a broader scale is favored,
ranging between 800 and 10,000 m. For many years you
experts had believed that it was impossible to run the mile in less than
of 4 meters. But in 1954 Royer Bannistein broke this barrier.
mental. Covering the distance in 3.59min.

Hurdles Race.

These races require speed and skill, the shortest one.

for men it is 110m with 10 hurdles of 1.07m high
each one, evenly spaced along the track,
they are generally called high fences. The longest test
It is the 400m with 10 obstacles of 91cm in height.
they are called medium hurdles. The low hurdles race is run
over a distance of 200m with 10 obstacles, 76cm high
high

Until 1968, women participated in 80m hurdles races, but in 1969 in the
international athletic competitions, they ran in 100m trials with 10 hurdles of
84cm in height.
OBSTACLE COURSE.

It is a exhausting test. The athlete has to run 3000 m and jump.

35 obstacles each 91cm high. Seven of them are
river jumps, in which a barrier is very firmly held to the
ground for 3 points, followed by a water basin of 3.7cm of
wide.

FIELD TESTS

Eight field tests are recognized, although they are not held at each
athletic meeting. 4 jumps and 4 throws. All require great
dose of skill, strength and balance, and they require special equipment that
they include spaces filled with cushioning material for the highs and
grid circles for the launches.

HIGH JUMP.

The objective of the high jump is to see how high an athlete can jump.
above a wooden beam, called a slat, balancing
above 2 vertical supports. The jumper tries to surpass the bar without
make it fall. You are allowed 3 attempts for each height, if you fail three
consecutive times on the same, is eliminated. The bar is
elevates to a previously agreed level after each turn. Win the
athlete who surpasses the others.

POLE VAULT.

Its goal, like the previous one, is to surpass the greatest height.
possible above the cane. The athlete helps himself with a long and thin
pole, made of fiberglass, that can have a length of up to
4.9m. It has contributed to the best jumpers surpassing heights
larger than that of a double-decker bus.

The athlete grabs the pole near one end, runs with speed and
support the free end on a small package on the ground.
The elasticity of the pole catapults the jumper upwards by
above the ribbon. It is exclusively a test.

LONG JUMP.

It is one of the simplest field tests. The athlete runs.

quickly down a smooth track, and jumps as far as it can
Inside a space filled with sand. It has to rise from a
white border 20cm wide. The length of the jump is measured
from it to the nearest mark. Made in the sand by
any part of the body.
TRIPLE SOMERSAULT.

It is a difficult test composed of a jump, a step, and a

jump. Only men perform it. The same is used in it.
track and sand area that in the long jump; but the edge
The execution is placed further back; the athlete jumps on one foot.
support on the same foot (jump), take a long stride and support
the other foot (step) and, finally, jumps and lands on both
feet (jump)

LAUNCH TESTS.

There are 4 throwing events in which the athlete throws an object as far as possible.

The javelin.

The javelin throw is another of the events in the Olympic Games with a long history, as it
what was included for reproducing one of the skills most valued by Greek civilizations
and Roman, as it was used both for war and for hunting. The javelin consists of
three parts:

A wooden or lightweight metal axle

A metal head with a sharp point
A center to hold it;

It should not have moving parts that could change its center of gravity during the
launch.

The javelin used by male competitors must weigh no less than 800 grams (0.8)
kilograms) and has a length of between 2.6 and 2.7 meters and a diameter of 25 to 30 centimeters at its
thicker point; The metallic head is between 25 to 33 centimeters long. The javelin
used by female competitors, it must weigh no less than 600 (0.6 kilos)
grams and has a length of between 2.2 to 2.3 meters and a diameter of 20 to 25 millimeters in its
the thicker part, the metal head is 25 to 33 centimeters in length.

HAMMER THROW.

It is a test reserved for men. Like the weight and the disc,
it is launched from inside a special circle, it consists of a sphere
metallic, weighing 7.3Kg attached to one end of a wire weight.
The total length is 117.5cm.

The athlete grips the handle located at one end, spins the ball and the
Wire around his head, spins quickly in the circle
and he throws it.
ATHLETIC TRACK

A complete athletics track is one that has facilities where one can
to carry out all kinds of tests, both for speed, as well as for throwing and jumping. In fact,
modern athletic tracks try to reproduce the conditions that the
first Olympic heroes: an area of a round or oval shape where activities could be carried out
all the tests, what modern technology has contributed are the synthetic surfaces that
they facilitate the athletes' evolutions. However, surface types are also accepted.
clay or concrete for certain competitions; the maximum allowed slope on the track is
one percent in the lateral direction and one thousandth downward in the sense of the
races. On the main straight of the track is where the top competitions take place.
speed: the hundred meters flat as well as the hundred and 110 meters with hurdles and the straight is
divided into "eight lanes of 1.22 meters wide each."