Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabi University

Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Degree

EXPERIMENT - GROUP WORK #1

Subject:
Hydraulics Laboratory

Level:
Sixth Semester Parallel B

Teacher:
Ing. Horacio Antonio Cedeño Muñoz

Students:
Cruz Choez Washington Duvan
Haro Gómez Xavier Alejandro
Lopez Zambrano Jairo Abad
Merchan Posligua Carlos Luis
Párraga Macías Diana Stefany
Saldarriaga Soledispa Victoria Esperanza

Date:
Tuesday, November 20

Second Period, 2018

Manta–Manabí–Ecuador
1. TÍTULO Y OBJETIVOS DE LA PRÁCTICA

1.1. Título:

Venturi Tube

1.2. Objetivos de la práctica:

Conduct the hydraulic experiment, Venturi tube, demonstrating the

variation of pressures based on Bernoulli's principle.

Find the difference in speed that exists between circular primes of

different diameters.

2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

(1746 - 1822). Italian physicist inventor of the so-called Venturi tube, used in

hydraulics. He was a physics professor at the School of Military Engineers in Modena and

later at the University of Pavia. Specialist in fluid dynamics, he focused

his research work in hydraulics. He distinguished himself in that discipline by inventing

and to manufacture the so-called Venturi tube, a pipe equipped with a constriction.

The Venturi tube is used to measure the flow rate of a fluid: it allows determining the

pressure difference between the normal section and the narrowed section of the tube, difference

which, according to Bernoulli's theorem, is proportional to the square of the flow rate.

Venturi also conducted research on the range of audible sounds and on the

colors. (Netto, 2000)

3. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

Scientific calculator

Ergonomic scissors

Scalpel

2 meters of transparent hose

2 plastic bottles

3 PVC unions

Insulating tape

Permanent marker

Notebook, ruler, pencil, and eraser

4. EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

1. We began designing the Venturi tube with the presented materials.

previously.

2. With the insulating tape, we join the PVC accessories, forming one single piece and

looking for it to be smooth and straight:

3. With the permanent marker, on the narrow part of the bottles of

plastic, we mark for cutting, to the size of the diameter of the PVC joint and

we proceed to cut:
4. With the scissors, we proceed to cut the hose into 4 equal parts:

5. We place the PVC accessory between the 2 previously cut bottles and with

we proceed to join the insulating tape, ensuring that the materials

be firm and straight:

6. With the help of the stylus or scissors, we made 4 holes in our design.

in the following way:

a) We marked the location of the holes, and then proceeded to

carry them out:

b) The first hole, at the edge of the wide part of our design:

c) The second hole, in the same wide part of the first before

pass to the narrow part

 d) The third hole, in the middle of the narrow part (over our joint

PVC):

e) The fourth hole, at the bottom at the edge of the other end of

our design:

7. We insert each piece of hose into a hole, and with the help of tape

we adjust the insulator:

8. Our Venturi tube is designed as follows:

Where:

a) The first hose corresponds to upstream, where it enters

our liquid.

b) The second hose corresponds to our pressure measurement

in area one.

c) The third hose corresponds to our measurement of pressure in

the area two.

d) And the fourth hose corresponds downstream, where our water exits.

liquid.

9. We marked the second and third hose, measured in centimeters,

in order to obtain the pressure in meters of water column in each area.

 10. Once we have designed and structured our Venturi tube, we proceed to

conduct the experiment.

a) We turn on the faucet of our fountain of the liquid that will fill the tube.

b) We proceed to fill it through the hose from hole one.

c) We observe the difference in pressures that exists between the wide area

and the narrow area.

5. DATA AND OBSERVATIONS

5.1. Datos:

Perimeter1= 28.30 cm, belongs to the wider part

d2= 5.50 cm, belongs to the narrow part

P1 −P 2= 0,01mca (meters of water column)

kg
ωo= 1000 Specific weight of water
m3

m
g = 9,81 , gravity
seg2

5.2. Observations:

Ensure that the sealing with electrical tape at each joint is done.

completely provided and with no leaks, with the aim of

that when using the liquid it does not tend to open or come off.
6. CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS

6.1. Calculations:

a) The law of conservation of mass states that in a flow in

stationary all the mass that enters one side of a space must exit

on the other hand. Antoine Lavoisier.

1= 2

1∗ 1= 2∗ 2

This implies that the speed must be greater in the narrow part of the tube.

b) Bernoulli's law states that for two points situated at the same

the current line is fulfilled:

1 2
1 2
1 + ℎ1+ 1= 2+ ℎ2+ 2
2 2

Where:

So we replace:
 1 2
1 2
1 + ( ) ℎ1+ ( ) 1= 2+ ( ) ℎ2+ ( ) 2
2 g 2 g

Simplifying, we are left with:

2 2
1 2
1 + ℎ1+ = 2+ ℎ2+
2g 2g

We divide by the specific weight of water, resulting in the equation of the

next way:

2 2
1 1 2 2
+ ℎ1+ = + ℎ 2+
2g ω 2g

c) Since our two points of analysis are at the same height, then

our Bernoulli equation simplifies to:

2 2
1 1 2 2
+ = +
2g omega 2g

d) By rearranging formulas we will find the equation for the

speed of the narrow part:

2 2
1 2 2 1
− = −
2g 2g
2 2
1 − 2 2− 1
=
2g

A 1− 2we will call himℎ

 2 2
ℎ 2− 1
=
2g
2 2
2− 1 ℎ
=
2g

2 2
2gh
2− 1=

Using the continuity equation, let's find the value of our speed one:

1∗ 1= 2∗ 2

2∗ 2
1=
1

2
1= 2( )
1

We replace:

2
2 2 2g h
2− [ 2( ]) =
1

2
2 2 2 2gh
2− 2( = ) 2
1

2
2 2 2g h
2(1− 2 ) =
1

2gh
2
2= 2
2
1− 2
1

2g h
2
2= 2 2
1− 2
2
1
 2
2
2gh( 1)
2= 2 2
( 1− 2)

2 2 2gℎ
2= 1∗ 2 2
( 1− 2)

2 2g h
2 =√ 1∗ √ 2 2
( 1− 2)

2g h
2 = 1 ∗√ 2 2
( 1− 2)

e) Now, we have to find our corresponding areas:

∗ 2
=
4

But we must remember that for our area one, we do not have a diameter.

only perimeter, then:

í = ∗

í
=

28.30 cm
1= 9,008 cm≈ 9 cm

∗( 9 cm) 2
1= 63.62 cm2≈ 6,362x10-3 2
4

∗( 5.50 cm) 2
2= 23.76 cm2≈ 2.376x10-3 2
4
 Now we have to convert the value ofℎ a 2

h = 0.01

0,1 2
0,01 ∗ = 1 10-3
1 2

( 100cm) 2
1 10-3 ∗ = 10
2 1 2 2

ℎ = 10 2

We replaceℎ, 1, 2and the data in the equation:

2(9.81 )2(10) 2
2=
-3
6,362x10 m∗ 2 √
1000 [( 6,362x10 -3 m 2 )2 -2,376x10
( -3
m 2 )2 ]
3

196.2
∗ 2
2= 6,362x10 m∗
-3 2 √
1000 3
( 3,483x10 -5 m 4 )

196.2
√ ∗ 2
2= 6,362x10-3 2∗
0.03483 g * m

2= 6,362x10 -3m∗2 5633.0749

√
∗ 2∗ 2
 -3 2∗
1
2= 6,362x10 75,0538
∗

20.48

Having found the speed two, we can calculate the speed one, and in the process the flow rate:

2∗ 2
1=
1

( -3 2)
(0.48) 2,376x10 m
1=
6,362x10-3 2

3
1,14048x10-3
1=
6,362x10-3 2

1= 0,18

1= 2

1= 1∗ 1

( -3 2)
1= (0,18) * 6,362x10 m

3
1= 1,14516x10-3 ≈ 1,15
7. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULT

We can observe the variation in speeds in each room of the

tube

2= 1,07 1= 0.40

∆v = 0.48 - 0,18 = 0.30

So we say that the speed in the wide chamber is2.67more than speed

in the narrow enclosure.

A flow of passes through our Venturi tube1,15 the same that remains

downstream.

8. CONCLUSIONES

Greater Diameter, Lower Speed, and Greater Pressure.

Smaller Diameter, Greater Speed and Lower Pressure.

The variation of speeds depends on the diameter through which our passes.

caudal

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Netto, R. S. (May 1, 2000). Venturi, Giovanni Battista. Biography of

Venturi, Giovanni Battista BI900. Retrieved on November 18, 2018, from

[Link]