CDSWin - Structural Calculation [Link]

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CHARACTERISTICS

The CDS structural calculation package is a powerful calculation tool that

allows to perform, with totally three-dimensional schematization, the analysis
of any structure using the most sophisticated FEM (Finite Element) techniques.
Method). CDS in fact allows modeling and calculating spatial or planar structures.
with one-dimensional and two-dimensional elements (beams, columns, walls, plates, foundations,
plinths with pillars, plates, plates with pillars, irrigating nuclei
The input consists of a specially designed structural CAD equipped with
sophisticated direct pointing characteristics to the video of the structural elements
that allow for a quick entry of the structure and easy control
graph of the provided data.
The structural CAD for graphic operations is easy to learn.
since it is designed for a specific purpose and therefore presents only the
useful commands to perform the task for which it is intended.
The interface is therefore essential and devoid of that sea of commands, often useless.
and misleading, which we find on very powerful but generic CAD, that is not made for
perform a specific job.
The program is organized according to a modular structure to meet
all the diverse professional needs, allowing each user to purchase
only the modules of actual interest, thus achieving significant savings.
The CDS is also available in a 'Trial Version', which is a special trial version that works for 30 days and anyone can enable on their own
computer to try, at no cost, the product features.
In this regard, it is worth emphasizing that the commercial policy of STS has always been characterized by maximum transparency. The versions
The trial and the modular structure of the price list are indeed a guarantee for the user and a clear demonstration of how STS focuses only on the quality of its
software to persuade potential users to make a purchase.
Some notable features of CDS Win are as follows:
Graphical interface designed according to Windows standards (multiple windows, buttons,
toolbars, drop-down menus, etc...)
Dynamic multi-window management: each window can be divided into multiple viewports.
whose size can be adjusted simultaneously with the mouse
MULTILEVEL UNDO REDO: the ability to restore the previous situation at each
command. No limitation on the number of undo operations
Rendering algorithms and hidden lines (photorealistic views with shading) with
accurate representation of the interpenetrations between structural elements.
Animation procedures in rendering the structure.
Possibility to capture images from the video (e.g. Colormap and deformed) and import them into a
document to layout images and text together.
Import of two-dimensional and three-dimensional structural models from drawings in dxf format
Wincad 2000 program, a powerful and flexible three-dimensional CAD created by STS.
The CAD environment offers numerous options; for graphic entities: point, line, arc, circle,
polyline, 3D face, blocks, hatching;
for the osnap modes: center, endpoint, perpendicular, intersection, midpoint, Nearest, node, etc...
["series","copy","mirror","top","offset","cut","extend","scale","move","rotate"]
etc...
CDS is the only structural program equipped with two graphical input modes designed to make the data entry phase as easy as possible.
data according to the structural type.
We thus have, alongside the classic 'input for scaffolding', particularly aimed at the definition of reinforced concrete buildings, also a mode of 'spatial input'
studied for structures with complex geometries (e.g. trusses, space grillages, etc...).
It is worth noting that the two types of input mentioned above can be used simultaneously for the definition of the same structure.
For example, in the case of a mixed steel/concrete structure, the concrete part can be defined with the input for decks and the remaining part in steel with the spatial input.
The following pages detail the input methods, the characteristics of the solver, and those of the post-processor.

INPUT FOR BEAMS

The input for scaffolding involves the insertion of reference points in the plan (fixed wires) that allow to define the main vertical alignments of the structure;
To facilitate the insertion of such points, an architectural drawing in DXF format can be imported into CDS and specific snap functions provided can be used.
the program. Alternatively, it is possible to directly insert the main structural elements (columns and beams) by connecting them directly to the architectural lines
with automatic contextual creation of the fixed thread. Any input phase is accompanied by the possibility of 'zoom' and 'pan' and dynamic point selection.
from view.
Let's now take a closer look at the characteristics of the various structural elements:
The position of the pillars
compared to the threads it can be
managed through codes of
corner and the whole pillar can
to be rotated around the
own axis; the section of the
pillar, just like that one
of the beams, can have any
shape, from rectangular, to
T, to the circular or even,
polygonal. All these
sections will be, in the
next phase of calculation,
correctly verified with
rigorous verification routines for
tension/pressure straight bending or
Deviation.
Under the individual pillars is
It is possible to insert direct foundation footings and on piles, which will then be calculated and drawn in
CDSWin - Structural Calculation [Link]

connection with the CDP program. A static scheme is automatically generated for the CDS solver, which includes elastic constraints in
correspondence of each base, correctly schematizing the foundation-structure interaction.
The beams, both of foundation and elevation, can be inclined in plan and vertically. Another feature of the program consists of
possibility of disassociating the ends of the beam with respect to the fixed reference lines: this allows for managing particular situations frequently used in practice
technique, as happens in the figure on the side.
It is also possible to define, always graphically, two-dimensional elements (walls) that allow for the schematic representation of recurring situations of walls.
containment from which the first floor pillars stand out, bracing shelves with or without holes, etc....
Through the plates, one can define two-dimensional horizontal or inclined elements that allow for the schematization of sloped roofs with
full slab, foundation plates etc...
The combination of vertical, horizontal, and inclined two-dimensional elements also allows for the analysis (and the related verification and design of materials) of structures.
particulars, which can be, for example: tanks, vaults, domes, etc.... The vertical two-dimensional elements allow for the schematization of elements as well.
in masonry and therefore, thanks to the interaction with the CDMa program, it is possible to solve masonry structures or structures in which they are present.
simultaneously both masonry elements and beams, columns and concrete or steel walls.
The insertion of any holes in the vertical walls is made particularly easy by the specific graphic procedure for wall drilling; it is possible to insert up to 10.
holes in the same septum, and holes that straddle two septa are also managed.
It is also possible to insert and/or modify internal and external constraints (hinges, horizontal and vertical pendants, trolleys, etc...).
- The node quota procedure allows for the modification of the quota of individual nodes, with automatic dragging of all connected beams and columns. The same
the procedure allows to easily obtain complex shaped shells, starting from a horizontal plate; the related mesh will be created automatically by the
program. It is planned to define two or more different seismic decks on the same level (for example, independent tower buildings).
- The expected loads in the CDS largely cover all those of interest in technical practice. The following types are indeed defined:

Solai
2. Ballatoi
3. Dampening
4. Explicit
5. Special lamps
6. Spun seven
7. Concentrate
8. Scale

The types of loads provided and the designed input method 'guide' the user to an easy
analysis of the loads acting on each structural element.
The input of loads is, moreover, very simple: the requested information tends simply
to determine the beams or the walls on which the floors are arranged, where the balconies are placed and where
walls may be present (peripheral and/or internal). The floors can have any shape, and the
balconies can also occupy a limited portion of the beam. It is also left the
the user has the ability to explicitly define the value of the load acting on the elements in
question.
The figure shows a typical work screen where both the warp and the weft are clearly visible.
the scales to which it is possible to associate, according to needs, a suitable load. The
the program will then carry out automatic analyses of the loads, also allowing the user to enter additional loads of a value set by the user
(concentrated loads Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz are expected; distributed loads; distributed torsional moments; horizontal thrusts on the walls). There is also the possibility of
automatically load the secondary beams (beams parallel to the load-bearing structure) with a percentage of the load of the main beams.
It is always possible to request information about the weights that are applied to the beams due to the loads imposed by the designer.
Once the definition of the loads is completed, it will be possible to identify the floors in plan by simply declaring the section lines. Such simplicity
the operation allows automatic connection with the CDF program for the calculation of floors and stairs and the automatic drawing of rebar on the plan of
carpentry.
The interfacing simplifies the work related to the calculation of the floors themselves as the procedure automatically generates the data for the
CDF program (geometry of the floor, load entities, alternations of loads according to the influence lines of the floor in question, etc...) and this, once
Launched, in addition to performing the calculation of said floors, it allows the printing of calculation tables and also the return of the floor structures with the exploded view of
floor beams; everything perfectly consistent and integrated with CDS outputs to provide a complete and easily interpretable design attachment.
The generation phase for spatial performs the transformation of data from the scaffold format to a format readable by the spatial input. The generation performs
tutta una serie di controlli sulla validità dei dati di input forniti e, in assenza di vincoli definiti dall’utente, crea automaticamente tutti i vincoli della struttura;
Furthermore, the generation automatically defines the mesh of the two-dimensional elements; in the case of rods adjacent to shell elements, a mesh will be created.
corresponding also for the rods to ensure the consistency of the movements. The structural elements (rods and shell) broken down by the generation phase,
they will then be automatically unified in the phases of drafting the executives.

SPATIAL INPUT

The spatial input mode, which focuses on defining particularly structures

complex, it is divided into the following phases:
1. Archives
2. Import/Export CAD
3D Nodes
3D View
5. Shell elements
6. Shell disassemblies
7. External constraints/Subsidence
8. Internal Constraints
9. Load conditions
10. Load rods
11. Node loads
12. Shell loads

At all stages of the program, it is possible to operate on generic plans oriented in any way.
space (work plans); the management of such plans allows the insertion of nodes in local coordinates with considerable simplification of the input of structures
complex. Furthermore, at all stages there is an active clipping function that allows the visualization of a portion of the structure; the partialization of
The view can be requested on the xy plane, along the z axis, or even on the user-defined working plane. With multi-window management, there is the possibility to
to simultaneously visualize different viewpoints and various portions of the structure.
The 3D node phase allows for the insertion and modification of nodes in space. If a work plane is activated, insertion occurs via coordinates in
local reference of the PdL, otherwise the coordinates are referred to the global reference system.
The 3D beam phase allows the insertion and modification of beams arranged in space. To facilitate the series insertion of beams with the same attributes.
(rotation, displacements, section type, etc...) it is possible to define a
final. It is also possible to divide an auction into multiple parts by choosing the number of divisions and using the 'explosion' auction function.
The shell elements phase allows for the insertion and modification of two-dimensional elements arranged in space. In particular, it highlights the possibility
to choose the internal mesh step of any shell element on each side and the possibility of 'exploding' a shell element into multiple sub-elements
independent entities that can in turn be subdivided, modified, or deleted.
From the archive phase, access is made to the management of metal profiles. The manager of the archive of metal sections allows for the input and correction of all types.
CDSWin - Structural Calculation [Link]

metallic materials of interest in technical practice, both as simple profiles and as coupled.
The program also comes with a database of about one thousand metal profiles already entered. It should be emphasized that the input of any new profiles requires a
minimum data input, as it is enough to provide the geometric data of the section to automatically obtain all the associated static quantities of interest
for the calculation. Obviously, the values of inertia, static moment, etc... calculated automatically can be corrected and set by the user if necessary.
The same procedure allows for the insertion of wooden beams that are also checked.
The import/export phase allows the construction of substructures on external CAD and their import into the structural context of CDS. To this end, the
The WinCad program is equipped with specific functions for the parametric creation of truss structures. The frames created with WinCad or with external CAD can
to be inserted on a generic plan of space nonetheless inclined, specified by the user. The spatial input has been equipped with powerful copying functions.
structural blocks (translational, rotational and roto-translational) and attributes from a structural element to a group of other elements.
The figures on the side show the effect of a multiple translational copy of steel frames. The last image shows the effect of a roto-translated copy for the
creation of a spiral staircase. All phases are equipped with a specific undo function that allows the restoration of the structure to the situation
preceding the operation performed; this allows to recover all the work done even in the case of glaring errors in the input phases.
The phase of internal and external constraints is highly flexible. The constraints can be predefined (hinges, joints, bipod, etc...) or constructed directly.
from the user. In particular, external constraints can also be inclined and shifted with respect to the structural node. The graphical representation of constraints can
also make use of icons and symbols; alternatively, it is possible to obtain the display of triples of versors that highlight the directions or the vector axes freed from
the same constraint. It is also possible to define imposed deformations that are both rotational and translational.
In the case of planar reticular substructures, it is possible to use a function for the automatic definition of constraints (i.e., hinges at the ends of the beams,
with a vector axis orthogonal to the lattice plane).
An important feature is the management of multiple load conditions. This allows for the separate analysis of loads due to conditions.
independent, such as those arising from snow, wind, etc...
Such conditions can still be combined through multiplicative coefficients to be set during the pre-calculation phase. As for the loads
There are trapezoidal distributed loads expected in any direction (x, y, z) both in the local reference system and in the global one.
Concentrated loads (forces and moments) can be applied at any 3D node and in any direction.
The shell loads allow the input of trapezoidal pressures and lateral distributed loads. All types of loads are equipped with a graphic representation.
proportional to the magnitude of the load.

SOLVER IS
POST-PROCESSOR

Completed the insertion of the

date, the program generates from
input data the model
structural, executing
simultaneously a
control over the correctness of
input data. Any errors
in the input they are indicated in
this phase is, where possible,
automatically corrected.
The solver, integrally
developed by STS in
Windows 32-bit environment, it is
optimized state to take advantage
fully all the resources of
next generation computer, achieving remarkable computing speed.
The new solver (called "WarpSolver") doubles the speed of the best-performing solvers on the market and is about 100 times faster than the previous one.
solver.
The CDS Win WarpSolver is also equipped with an accurate solution check, through specific algorithms, including those for calculating the number of
conditioning and iterative refinement of the solution.
It is important to emphasize that the CDS license covers not only the structural CAD but also the solver since this was not derived from
others (see SAP IV or similar) but fully developed by STS, which is the legitimate and exclusive owner.
The solver has undergone rigorous validation tests, comparing it both with theoretical solutions and with the most highly rated finite element solvers.
The outcome of these tests highlighted the remarkable accuracy and reliability of the STS solver, which essentially reproduces the same results as the best solvers.
currently available on the global market.
I risultati dei test sono visionabili direttamente sul sito della STS.
Both the solver and the module for the verification of all structural elements have been completely adapted to the new seismic standard.
The structure can be made of metal rods, reinforced concrete, wood, or other materials, two-dimensional elements with plate-slab behavior in
c.a., steel, wood, or other isotropic or orthotropic material; it may also have constraints and geometry of any type. Structures are therefore also analyzed.
with struts, sloped roofs, inclined rods, plates in elevation and foundation (slabs), vertical walls or otherwise inclined, even perforated, with
slab behavior and/or slab-plate, axially asymmetric.
The CDS Win allows the design of base isolated structures or structures where devices called isolators are intended.
seismic, to be arranged between the foundation and the protrusion of the building capable of preventing the entry of seismic excitation.
The footings, both direct and on piles, are automatically schematized in the model with equivalent stiffnesses, thus evaluating the foundation-structure interaction. It is
Finally, it is possible to insert foundations on multiple levels (with Winkler beams, direct footings and on piles, direct slabs and on piles).
The beams that converge at the same node can have differentiated constraints (including elastic ones), making it easy to outline recurring situations.
in metal carpentry. It is also possible to consider imposed settlements on the external nodes of the structure.
CDS Win also takes into account the shear deformability of both the shells and the bars, as well as the presence of any infinitely rigid initial and final sections.
In particular, the offsets provided as input for the positioning of beams, shells, and columns are automatically taken into account by the calculation model.
achieves an accurate correspondence between the graphic model of the structure and the analyzed static scheme. The seismic analysis allows for the possibility of choosing between:
linear statics;
dynamic (carried out using the subspace iteration method), with the possibility to decide the number of ways, the number of earthquakes, and their respective directions of
entrance, the number of load conditions and the related load combinations;
nonlinear static 'push-over'.
È possibile effettuare calcoli sismici con o senza impalcato rigido (analisi sismica nodale).
The seismic calculation of a structure with rigid floors is automatically enveloped with the thermal resolution of the same without rigid floors.

PUSH-OVER

The main characteristics of the push-over solver are:

Incremental analysis of the 'event by event' type that takes into account the collapse of various elements
structural, as they occur, also assessing the necessary redistribution
the actions through the general unloading technique. The P-Delta effects are taken into account.
with the possible softening of the structural response.
Modeling of elastic-plastic bar elements with concentrated plasticity and ductility
limited. The plastic hinges are located in critical sections and are characterized by
depending on the type of material, the geometry, and, for reinforced concrete elements, also based on the
present armature. Both the ultimate resistant values, for the various types of stress, and the capacities
Rotational hinges are calculated according to the new seismic regulations and the
CDSWin - Structural Calculation [Link]

eurocodes.
For the reinforced concrete sections, it is possible to take into account the confinement of the stirrups for the purpose of
assessment of the resistance and ultimate deformation of concrete in accordance with the most
recent theories reported in the new versions of the Eurocodes EC2 and EC 8. In addition to
Ductile mechanisms also take fragile mechanisms into account, such as the ...
mechanism of shear collapse for reinforced concrete elements, instability for steel rods and the
collapse of unconfined nodes of reinforced concrete structures
The new seismic regulations explicitly require the Push-Over analysis for:
- assess the over-resistance ratios 'AlfaU/Alfa1';
check the actual distribution of inelastic demand in buildings designed with a certain reduction factor 'q';
as a design method for new construction buildings in replacement of linear analysis methods;
as a method for assessing the capacity of existing buildings.
The Push-Over analysis provides the collapse mechanism with the progression of plastic hinge formation and their involvement in terms of
anelastic deformations.
The figure in the lower left shows the collapse mechanism of a steel frame with eccentric dissipative braces. The plastic hinges
they are colored based on their commitment in terms of anelastic deformations. Darker values highlight a greater demand in terms of deformations.
plastics. It can be seen how the zones of plastic dissipation are located on the counteracting elements designated for this purpose, while the ...
column.
While for steel the nonlinear analysis depends only on the geometry of the sections and the mechanical properties of the material, for the checks of
In reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to know the reinforcements. This is therefore a rechecking based on the project reinforcements in the case of new constructions, while
For existing buildings, it is necessary to define the reinforcements in the sections with the new input phases.
Safety checks in this type of analysis are obtained by comparing the Capacity Curve, which describes how the total base shear varies.
function of the displacement of the center of mass of the top floor, with the earthquake question expressed in terms of displacement.
The checks will be carried out, as shown in the figure, by defining the various performance levels in terms of the building's displacement capacity, and
checking that the relocation request due to the expected earthquake at the site for that level of performance is lower.
CDS Win also reports the limit values of PGA for the various performance levels required by the regulations.

VERIFICATIONS

The resistance tests

they follow the imposed directives
from the user through the appropriate
project criteria, manageable
stick by stick.
Through the project criteria
It is therefore possible to differentiate
various parameters, such as the
characteristics of materials, the
type of bracing (only braces,
brackets and wall fittings,
diameters and arm brackets,
diameters of the support brackets,
stiffness percentages
torsional and many others
which ultimately determine
the resulting armor.
The calculation program
determine the characteristics
of the solicitation and performs all resistance checks for reinforced concrete rods, for metal rods, those in wood, and for two-dimensional elements in reinforced concrete.
Verification according to EUROCODE 2 for reinforced concrete bars and according to EUROCODE 3 for steel bars is also available. The checks
The deformations have been enhanced by computing the viscous effect on permanent loads even for rare load combinations.
The reinforcement design in beams takes into account both the minimum standards and the minimums imposed by the design criteria (e.g. ql2/n). In the case of T-beams or
At the foundation level, the program ensures that the bracing of the wing is sufficient as reinforcement for the bending induced by the tension on the ground.
The pillar project can take place, at the user's request, either in a straight bending stress regime or in a deviated one.
Two-dimensional elements, both vertical (walls) and horizontal or inclined (slabs), are checked for bending and also for punching.
Il programma di verifica è dotato di un sofisticato algoritmo che consente la determinazione automatica non solo dell'armatura diffusa di base, ma anche degli
Any necessary thickening to cover the reinforcement peaks, in order to avoid unnecessary waste of iron.
For the seismic walls, the new standard requires checks to be carried out at the Ultimate Limit State (S.L.U.) to ensure ductile collapse modes. Such checks are performed
carried out by the CDS Win rigorously. Starting from the finite element solution, the characteristics of the stress are determined.
agents on the section and carry out the relevant regulatory checks. In particular, the various modes of shear and combined bending collapse will be verified.
Nel caso di pareti accoppiate vengono eseguite anche le verifiche delle travi di accoppiamento, predisponendo se necessarie le armature ad X previste dalla
standard for beams subjected to high shear stresses.
The checks of the steel beams, conducted in full compliance with current regulations, are carried out both concerning normal stress (compression-bending) and
with respect to the tangential stress (shear-torsion); stability checks for flexural and lateral stability are also carried out in accordance with Eurocode 3.

CONTROL RESULTS

The program is also equipped

of powerful procedures for the
control of calculation results
that allow the immediate
identification of the auctions
undersized,
oversized or with
particular problems. It is also
possible visualization
of the deformation regime
upon request of any
structural element (rod or
slab-plate.
The choice between is planned
"static" deformations,
relative seismic and thermal
CDSWin - Structural Calculation [Link]

all individual conditions or

load combinations; one can
also choose between elastic deformation and kinematic deformation, and activate the deformation colormap, which allows for visual identification of the values of
movements based on coloring. It is also possible to use an 'animation' mode, which shows the deformation in motion of the structure,
fully exploiting the graphics acceleration capabilities of the hardware.
The visualization of the stress characteristic diagrams (Tx, Ty, N, Mx, My, Mz) is also available; at this stage, a...
colormap mode that allows for visual identification of feature values based on coloring.
The representation of 'shell tensions' and 'shell displacements' is obtained with color maps that represent the tensor of characteristics, the pressure.
on the ground and the xyz movements of the shell elements.
Another graphic option is the 'verification coloring' which allows the visualization in a color scale of all the verification results for rod elements.
(reinforced concrete and steel) and shell elements; some viewable sizes are for example for the reinforced concrete bars:
Total area of irons
Density of the irons
Minimum stirrup spacing
Pressure on the ground
Non-verified years etc....
With the 'auction results' procedure, you can select any auction with the mouse and directly obtain the printed results of the checks on screen.
bending, cutting, twisting, etc....
Always via color diagrams it is possible to visualize the relative movements between the head and the foot of the pillars, to check the limits imposed by
regulations of such magnitude.
These graphic representations allow for avoiding a laborious manual analysis of the numerical tables on paper.
A dynamic link with the reinforcement drawing is also available at this stage: by selecting a beam or a column with the mouse, it is displayed.
relative executive design.

POST-PROCESSOR

Once the calculation has been made, it is

possible to take advantage of the
graphic post-processing for
obtain the executive drawings
of the structure.
The automatic drawing of the
executives includes:
1. Carpentry plants with
automatic quotation.
2. Perspective with removal
hidden lines.
3. Beam reinforcement also
inclined and stratospheric.
4. Table of pillars and bases (both
directed on poles and frameworks
to the punching).
5. Plate armatures and/or
discrete plates and
local renovations).
6. Armature of sheet element-
vertical plates with reinforcements
the connecting beams
of the seismic walls.
The executive of the vertical seven
show in detail both the
armature of the beams of
connection of the walls
seismic, both the reinforcements
reinforcement sides (bracing and
longitudinal ferries).
Every phase of creation
the automation of drawings is customizable through a series of parameters that allow for the optimization of the executives.
The graphic post-processing includes software modules that allow for interactive customization of executive drawings, through dedicated CAD.
manipulations are carried out by the user with the help of comparing the calculation reinforcement diagrams with the design ones, optimizing in this way
mode the distribution of reinforcements in the manipulated elements, whether they are rods or two-dimensional elements.
After completing the executive drawings and any alterations, it is possible to recheck the elements with the reinforcements actually arranged.
to determine the load collapse multiplier.

COMPUTO CONACR Win (GIFT)

Each executive drawing automatically generated by CDS Win is accompanied by a

detailed bill of materials, readable from the ACR Win calculation program. The
The ACR Win program is a powerful and versatile metric calculation program known and
appreciated by tens of thousands of users across Italy.
The integration between CDS Win and ACR Win allows you to avoid re-entering the data for
the calculation of materials, eliminating the associated possibility of error.
It is important to highlight that the junior light version of ACR Win provided free of charge to holders of
CDS Win allows for the drafting of complete estimates even independently from CDS Win,
since it includes the modules for the Metric Calculation, Price Analysis, the Time Schedule and the
management of specifications.
All regional price lists are also made available free of charge.
vigor, over 5000 preloaded analysis entries for electrical, thermal, and construction systems,
plumbers, etc... and about twenty Special Tender Specifications.
It is therefore possible, at no additional cost, to use highly professional software for
obtain complete and graphically elegant computations by creating, adding and/or modifying
price lists, items, analysis and quantities, according to the user's needs.
CDSWin - Structural calculation [Link]

EXECUTIVE STEEL

For steel structures, CDS offers the optional module for checking structural steel nodes and the automatic drawing of metal carpentry.
the procedure is articulated in the following phases:

1) Definition of substructures.
2) Definition of nodes.
3) Check the connections.
4) Production of executive drawings.

In the definition of substructures, starting from the already calculated 3D model, some are isolated.
flat substructures still inclined in space, distinguishing depending on whether it is about
framed substructures (frames, scaffolds, etc...) or reticulated ones. The Definition of Substructures can
it must be carried out with specific user input or through the dedicated automatic procedure.
In the following Definition nodes, on the previously defined substructures, one selects
the end of one of the rods involved in the connection (generally the carrying rod) and is
choose the type of node among those provided by the program:
1) TraveTrave Supported (soul brackets)
2) Continuous Travel (soul brackets and wing joint cover.)
3) Supported Column Travel (brackets on column core)
4) Travelling Supported Column (brackets on column wing)
5) TraveTrave Supported (welded plate and bolts)
6) TraveTrave Supported (welded plate and bolted joint covers)
7) Hinged Plinth Column (plate and umbrella tie rods, hook, with rosettes or hammer)
8) Countercurrent Incernierato (handkerchief and bolts or welds)
9) TraveTrave or ColumnColonna Joint (bolted or welded joints)
10) TraveTrave or ColumnColumn Interlocking (double bolted or welded connection covers)
11) TraveTrave or ColonnaColonna Interlocking (with flange and possible elbow, also for
inclined beams
12) TraveTrave or ColonnaColonna Interlocking (Welding Head to Head with complete penetration)
13) Trapped Beam Column (with flange and possible knee, also for inclined beams)
14) Columna Traveled Embedded (welded with a possible knee)
15) Column Plinth Embedded (plate and umbrella tie rods, hook, with rosettes or with
hammer
16) Union Hinge for Bolted Griding (handkerchief and bolts)
17) Hinge union for welded lattice.
In order to simplify the choice of the appropriate node type, once made the
selection of the auction extreme to associate with the node, the program automatically suggests
one of the compatible types and allows selecting only the compatible types with
the selected auction end.
For each type, it is possible to view a graphic help screen that clarifies the
meaning of individual parameters (as in the figures above).
We then move on to the geometric sizing of the node; at this stage there is a
interactive visualization of the custom node: this avoids many implementation errors
given the number and complexity of the geometric-constructive constraints of this type of nodes. It is
Additionally, it is possible to view On-Fly in WinCAD the node model (2D and 3D) in order to
to enable precise dimensional numerical control.
For each type, it is possible to draw from predefined nodes in the archive or proceed to
input of new nodes. In this case, the program automatically recognizes the converging beams
on the union and prepares a geometric dimensioning of the node, making
immediately visible, in a dedicated window, the front, side and top view. All these views are already dimensioned and include marks of
highlighting the number and type of bolts used and the dimensions of any welding seams. This was intended to reproduce the usual methodology of
Work of the steel structures designer who, even before checking the joint, must draw it to ensure its practical feasibility.
For the grid structures, there is also the possibility of obtaining automatic pre-dimensioning (design phase) of all connections, both welded and
bullonati; the automatic project is based on a series of user-defined values, allowing for optimal and customized sizing.
For all types of nodes, a photorealistic three-dimensional visualization and animation with shading is available, allowing for further
control over the consistency of the data provided as input.
Once the nodes are geometrically defined, we move on to the verification of the connections; the values of the stresses acting on the ends of the bars converging at the joint.
They have automatically transitioned from the CDS calculation phase, taking into account the load conditions and combinations, and can be controlled by the user.
and eventually varied. This allows for the verification of the functioning of the node calculation schemes (one can for example verify the absence of significant
support points) and also allows the verification of individual nodes subjected to known stresses, even in the absence of a
structural context. The checks performed vary depending on the type of node, and cover all the components of the node itself such as: bolts,
brackets, profiles, flanges, plates, handkerchiefs, welds, etc....
For example
are carried out the
checks of:
1) Profiles and
elements of union to
refilling
2) Cut bolts and
traction
3) Plates and flanges
a flexural pressure
4) Sections of
perforated profiles
Welds
involved in
connections
Co-joined to
restore or calculation
tensions
7) Small squad to
cutting and bending
8) Node flange core panels
9) Screw caps
CDSWin - Structural calculation [Link]

Diagonal rib core panel

11) Shear ribs of the base plate etc....
The checks can be carried out using both the Allowable Stress method and the Ultimate Limit State method. The visualization phase
results allows to graphically highlight with differentiated colors the nodes where the checks have not been satisfied. Additionally, it is possible to select
graphically a node to display the relevant results.
Finally, we enter the phase of producing executive drawings and tables. The results of the checks can be printed to screen, file, or printer in order to
check the accuracy of the adopted dimensions. To make the analysis of the results easier, synoptic tables are presented that group together the
nodes verified in the various types of belonging and immediately make it clear which of the checks has not been met. It is worth mentioning that
the prints include detailed tables of material calculations for each substructure. Such calculations can be directly exported to the program of
ACR Win Accounting.
The return of the executive drawings of the structure can be obtained on screen, in dxf file format, on a plotter or on a graphic printer. It is possible to automatically obtain:
1) Design of unifilar diagrams of frames or reticular structures indicating the profile used and its length, identification number of the node part.
metallic and quantification of the set.
2) Executive drawing of reticular or trussed structures, with actual dimensions and view with hatching of hidden lines, indication of the profile used and relative
length, bolt insertion, dimensions of the bolt connections and the assembly.
3) Executive drawing of frames, with real dimensions and view of the profiles with hatching of hidden lines, indication of the profile and its corresponding length.
identification number of the metallic node part and dimensions.
4) Automatic drawing of the details of the nodes complete with dimensions and indicating marks
number and dimensions of bolts and welds, as well as the identification number of the component
inside the substructure.
5) Automatic drawing of three-dimensional views of the nodes with shading also in
animation.
In particular, with regard to the execution drawings of frames and lattice structures, it should be noted that the
the program takes into account the overlaps and reunifications between the profiles present in the
calculation scheme.
In the case of drawing reticular type nodes, the program is able to trace.
automatically the tissues that can be either rectangular or polygonal.
Through the "TableAssembly" module, it is also possible to automatically gather the
everything in complete thematic tables, including all the drawings of the steel structure.

Name
CDSWin
software
PC with Pentium 133 processor or higher.
Windows 95, 98, 2000, NT, ME, XP, VISTA
Requirements
hardware:32 Mb Ram
20 Mb free on HD
Limits
vers. 500 nodes, 300 bars, 300 square meters of drywall, 300 square meters of plates.
Light
Limits 100 knots, 50 rods, 50 square meters of seven, 50 square meters of plates.
Superlight
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