FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

THEME:

Matrix Methods General Considerations Implementation

Computational

AUTHORS:

Castro Reynoso Caroline Maximina

Dancourt Rodriguez Jeanpier Alexander

Martinez Calderon Ronald Caleb

Rodriguez Dias Joe Angelo

Salazar Villena, Alejandra Victoria

TEACHER:

[Link] CASTILLO VILLACORTA HENRY JOSEPH

AREA:

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II

NEW CHIMBOTE–PERU

2023
INDEX:
INTRODUCTION:3
Objectives...............................................................................................................................3
DEVELOPMENT..........................................................................................................................4
3.1. MATRIX ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES: .................................................................4
BASIC CONCEPT:........................................................................................................4
3.1.2. MAIN DIFFERENCES OF MATRIX ANALYSIS COMPARED TO THE
VIRTUAL WORK METHOD OR CASTIGLIANO..........................................................5
3.1.3. LIMITATIONS: .......................................................................................................5
3.1.4. STIFFNESS MATRIX PROPERTIES:............................................................5
3.1.5. DEMONSTRATION: ...................................................................................................6
3.1.6. STEPS TO BE TAKEN FOR THE MATRIX ANALYSIS OF THE
STRUCTURE:......................................................................................................................7
3.1.7. STIFFNESS MATRIX IN ELEMENTS WITHOUT ORIENTATION:..................................8
CONCLUSIONS:................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES:...................................................................................................................13
INTRODUCTION:

Classical methods of structural analysis were developed at the end of the 19th century and have
versatility, logical simplicity, and mathematical elegance. Unfortunately, in applications
practices often lead to very laborious calculations and, at that moment, this was a
big problem. Therefore, after generations of engineers, an attempt was made to reduce the
amount of calculations. There have been many smart techniques with practical value (method
integrated, method of moment area, virtual work method, Castigliano's method,
deflection method, etc.), but most of them are only applicable to certain types of
structures and have results of approximations.

In this report we will introduce how matrix notation or analysis is used

matrix, it has many favorable factors depending on the speed at which one reaches the
results and in the structural calculations. In theory, it allows using the calculation method of
compact, precise, and at the same time completely universal form. This helps to address the
structural theory as a unit. From a practical point of view, it provides a system
of appropriate structural analysis and establishes a very favorable basis for development.
computer programs.

Objectives
2.1. Understand the matrix method and its differences from other methods and the effectiveness it has
in the professional life of a civil engineer.

2.2. Develop exercises for one element and several elements using the analysis method
matrix of structures.
DEVELOPMENT

3.1. MATRIX ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES:

BASIC CONCEPT:
El método matricial de la rigidez es un método de cálculo aplicable a estructuras
hyperstatic and isostatic bars that behave in an elastic and linear manner. It is based on
in estimating the components of the stiffness relations to resolve the forces or the
movements using a computer. It originated in the field of aeronautics. The
Researchers were able to approximate the structural behavior of the parts of a
airplane using simple equations but that required long calculation times. With the
With the arrival of computers, these equations began to be solved quickly and
simple.

Figure 1 (Stiffness Matrix Method)

This method is created based on the need to solve structures with many
elements, that is, very high degrees of indeterminacy or very structures
hyperstatic; To do this, an automatable and systematic procedure is created, which
en un principio se consideró un método aproximado, pero debido a los grandes
technological advances, currently the margin of error produced can be
to consider despicable.
Finally, it was determined that the forces at the nodes of the structure will be equal to the
stiffness matrix of the structure by the displacement vector at the nodes plus
the anchoring force vector.
[FN]= [Kt] [DeltaN]+[Fep] (1)
Vector of forces at supports (Nodes)
Kt = Stiffness matrix of the element or structure.
[DeltaN]= Desplazamiento en apoyos (Nodos).
[Fep]= Vector de fuerzas de empotramiento; Se manifiesta en la acción de las cargas externas
located along the elements.

3.1.2. MAIN DIFFERENCES OF MATRIX ANALYSIS

COMPARED TO THE VIRTUAL WORK METHOD OR
CASTIGLIANO.
Compared to the other methods mentioned above, the main
the difference of this method is that the matrix analysis is an approximate method,
while the unit load method and Castigliano are precise methods.
Unlike the other two methods, this method is suitable for structures
isostatic and hyperstatic, that is, it is independent of the degree of indeterminacy
static.

3.1.3. LIMITATIONS:

The main limitation of this matrix method is that it only manages to deduce matrices.
the rigidity of linear elements in a one-dimensional bar type.
Shear deformations are omitted.
The rigidity of the nodes is not considered.
In the case of portals, one of the planes of symmetry must coincide with the plane of
load
Axial forces are disregarded in bending.

3.1.4. STIFFNESS MATRIX PROPERTIES:

Esta matriz es cuadrada, es decir, mismo número de filas por mismo número de
columns (nxn), where n is the degrees of freedom of the element or the structure.
The stiffness matrix is a symmetric matrix, meaning it has the same number of
elements above and below the main diagonal; it can be said that it acts as a
mirror, that is, KK, It is important to take into account that for each value of i
corresponds to the degree of freedom where a unit displacement was applied and for each
The value of j corresponds to the degree of freedom where I obtain the reaction.

This matrix is made up of the mechanical and geometric properties of the

materials of the structure, such as area, elastic modulus, length, and moment of inertia.
3.1.5. DEMONSTRATION:

[Link]. MOOKE LAW:

α=E*A
∗ ∗
= ∆ *E F=∆
Lt
∗
K= Rigidity of the element
F=∆ ∗ ∴ F*U*K

[Link] BEAM

Unit deformation = axis (x) [normal '1']

[Link]. MANDY EQUATION:

3.1.6. STEPS TO BE TAKEN FOR THE ANALYSIS

MATRIX OF THE STRUCTURE:

1. Identify the structure, number the nodes, and determine the orientation of the
elements.
 2. Calculate the moment of fixation at the joints for each element.
structural
3. Calculate the terms of the stiffness matrices of the members, referred to
general coordinates
4. Assemble the stiffness matrix of the structure, rearranging it so that they remain
Once the forces at the free nodes and the reactions at the supports are separated.
5. Split the assembled matrix and calculate the unknown displacements
6. Calculate the reactions and verify the overall equilibrium of the structure
7. Calculate the internal forces using the individual matrices and verify,
finally, the balance of the knots.

3.1.7. STIFFNESS MATRIX IN ELEMENTS WITHOUT ORIENTATION:

when we talk about the stiffness matrix in elements without orientation we have to
take into account some things in order to successfully understand it, below
we can see the matrix :

Table 1 (Stiffness Matrix in Unoriented Elements)

Stiffness matrix for a bar element in the plane subjected to axial, shear and bending without
import the orientation of its local axis

Where:
(S) = Seno
(C)=Cosine
E = Elasticity module of the structure.
A = Area of the bar or the element of the structure to be analyzed.
Inertia of the bar or the element of the structure that is to be analyzed.
CONCLUSIONES:

By analyzing the demonstration of the stiffness matrix, gradually understand the

development of this method and finally consider the proposed exercise, it can be
clearly understand the basic principles of the structural matrix analysis method.

With the concepts proposed in this report, we were able to conclude the said method with
a view of what is one of the most effective when it comes to procedures and calculations, with
a great speed to have a timely response thus taking a step towards it
advance in the development of engineering.
REFERENCES:

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
3%g_of_the_method