Common Rail Injection System Overview
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ScribdTranslationsCommon Rail Injection System Overview
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsCOMMON RAIL INJECTION SYSTEM
Lunes 09 de julio del 2018
Christian Montalván; Raúl Paguay; Pablo Pallazhco; Jessica Tene; Diego Valdez
1. Objetivos
General Objective
Recognize the components of the injection system
COMMON RAIL used in the automotive market.
Specific Objective
To identify each of the components of the system
diesel Common Rail injection.
2. Introduction
The common rail system or common rail is an injection system.
computer-controlled fuel for diesel engines.
fuel injection occurs directly in the chamber of
combustion.
Basically, the fuel goes from the tank to the high-pressure pump.
pressure, then to the common duct to finally reach the injectors.
Fig. 1. Common Rail System.
Theoretical Framework
Operation of the System
In automotive, pump injector systems are primarily used.
and common rail to supply fuel to diesel vehicles,
being more employed this last one. In this article we intend to
slightly explain how this system works.
As seen in the diagram below, there is a low-pressure pump.
that takes fuel from the tank and delivers it to the high-pressure pump
pressure, after passing through a filter. This high-pressure pump, which is
driven by the engine's crankshaft, sends the fuel to the rail
common, and from here it goes to the injectors. A part of this fuel is
injects into the engine, and part of it returns to the tank. This fuel that
return to the tank will be controlled with the pressure limiter.
The rail is therefore used to accumulate fuel, which will be injected.
later in the engine. It also serves to dampen the
oscillations and disturbances caused by the high-pressure pump.
The more fuel accumulates in the rail, the more it will increase.
pressure of the same, thereby increasing the injection pressure.
To reduce the pressure on it, we just need to allow more
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fuel return to the tank
Fig. 2. Operation of the System.
Components
The 'Common Rail' accumulator injection system offers a
significantly greater flexibility for the adaptation of the system
injection to engine operation, in comparison with systems
driven by cams (rotary pumps).
This is because the generation of pressure and the
injection. The injection pressure is generated independently of the
engine regime and injection flow rate. The fuel for the
injection is available in the high fuel accumulator
rail pressure
The driver pre-establishes the injection flow, the control unit
electronics (UCE) calculates from characteristic fields
programmed, the injection moment and the injection pressure, and the
injector (injection unit) performs the functions in each cylinder
of the motor, through a controlled solenoid valve.
The 'Common Rail' system consists of the following components:
Deposit of (MAP)
Diesel fuel Temperature sensor
A low bomb of the coolant (ECT)
pressure or feeder Temperature sensor
A high pump of the air (IAT)
pressure Position sensor of the
A common rail with accelerator (TPS)
electronic regulator Pressure sensor of the
of pressure common rail
Hydraulic injectors MAF Sensor
controlled Control device
electronically of the EGR
Crankshaft sensor Temperature sensor
(CKP) of Diesel
Camshaft sensor Computer
(CMP) amplifier of
Pressure sensor of the EDU injectors
turbo Onboard computer
Sensor barometric ECU
The ECU records the driver's desire with the help of sensors.
(accelerator pedal position) and service behavior
current from the engine and the vehicle. The ECU processes the generated signals.
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through the sensors and transmitted via data lines. With the
obtained information can influence the vehicle and
especially about the engine, controlling and regulating.
Fig. 3. Components of the COMMON RAIL System.
Control devices
Sensors
The sensors in electronic injection systems both in
Diesel engines, like gasoline engines, are fundamental.
for the proper functioning of the engine.
The most important ones are briefly explained below:
Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP): it is the sensor that
detect the top dead center of cylinder No. 1. Also
through this sensor, the revolutions are known by
minute (RPM) of the engine.
Phase sensor (CMP): Also known as sensor of
position of the camshaft, it detects when cylinder No. 1 is
find in compression or escape phase, to prepare the
fuel injection.
Mass Air Flow Meter (MAF): measures the amount of air that enters
motor.
Ramp or injector rail pressure sensor: detects the
permanent pressure in the injector ramp.
Throttle pedal sensor: to adjust the
driver requirements, this type is used
sensors.
ECT or engine temperature sensor: this sensor is
Who checks the ECU (computer) during cold starts.
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor, for
detect the turbo overfeeding.
Actuators
The actuators function and execute commands according to (and almost
always) the values that the sensors send to the ECU
(computer).
The most common ones are briefly explained:
. Fuel injectors.
. EGR exhaust gas regulation electrovalve.
. Soft stop butterfly
. Control of the glow plugs
. Rail pressure regulation
. Flow regulator
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Fig. 4. Control Devices.
4. Conclusions
The common rail system is a rather simple fuel system,
due to its small number of components and the simplicity in the theory of
functioning.
The diesel engines that operate with this injection system are from
greater efficiency and greater power, let us understand efficiency as obtaining
the greatest power possible of a system with the least energy source
required or fuel.
5. Recommendations
It is imperative to give great importance to the causes that lead to wear.
premature failure of the components of the injection system. These causes are
the lack of lubrication or contamination in the system, as each one
the components are lubricated only with the fuel that will be
injected into the engine cylinder for combustion, for this reason the
fuel cleaning is a determining factor in life
useful and therefore in the efficiency of the components and the system in
general.
In addition, the fuel must be chosen carefully to ensure it meets
with certain quality specifications, taking into account the care in
its storage and loading into the fuel tank.
6. Bibliography
BOSCH Automobile Technique Manual ISBN 3-934584-82-9 5th
edition 2005.