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Z80 Microprocessor Overview and Analysis

The document provides an overview of the Z80 microprocessor, detailing its architecture, advantages, applications, and limitations. It highlights the Z80's compatibility with the Intel 8080 and its use in various devices such as calculators and video games. Additionally, it discusses the microprocessor's interfacing with memory and peripherals, and includes basic programming instructions.

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10 views42 pages

Z80 Microprocessor Overview and Analysis

The document provides an overview of the Z80 microprocessor, detailing its architecture, advantages, applications, and limitations. It highlights the Z80's compatibility with the Intel 8080 and its use in various devices such as calculators and video games. Additionally, it discusses the microprocessor's interfacing with memory and peripherals, and includes basic programming instructions.

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HIGHER SCHOOL OF NAUTICAL SCIENCES

Radio Department
Microprocessors–II–3RA
Z80 Microprocessor
Students: Aziza Plantão;

Ércia Adelina Almiro Mazive;

Germano Pinto

Milton Malate;

PanguanaFee.

Teacher: Eng. Elso Guilengue


Introduction
The present work focuses on the Z80 microprocessor, which was
designed to be fully compatible with 8080, have
various advantages and improvements over it.

They are detailed in a clear, direct, and objective manner,


aspects related to your basic instructions, your forms of
interface as well as its advantages, applications and limitations.
Z80 Microprocessor

Z80 is also known as Zilog Z80, it is a microprocessor


which incorporates an 8-bit central processing unit (CPU),
with a 16-bit address bus.

• Figure 1: Z80 Microprocessor. (Gaonkar, 1988)


Brief History

The Z80 emerged with Federico Faggin, Masatoshi Shima (co-creator of


microprocessors 4004 and 8080 manufactured by Intel and Ralph
Ungermann, in late 1974, and around July 1976 was
marketed;

It was designed to be binary compatible with the Intel 8080;


Intel tried to surpass the Z80 by launching an improved version of it.
8-bit microprocessor, the 8085, but the superiority of the Z80 made it so that
Intel has abandoned the project.

The 6502 and the Z80, accompanied by the 6800, remained the most
representative 8-bit microprocessors of the period.
Microprocessor Architecture

The Z80 has fetch/execute overlap, which means that it is


it is possible to fetch the next instruction from memory while the first one

instruction is executed. The length of the instructions of the Z80 CPU


it can be of four bytes ([Link], 200?).
Figure 2: Search/execution overlay. Source ([Link], 200?)
Figure 3: Block diagram of CPU Z80. Source (Ferreira, 200?)
• Figure 4: Internal architecture of the Z80 CPU. Source ([Link], 200?)
Figure 5: Z80 CI. Source (Gaonkar, 1988).
Addressing Modes
Table 1: Immediate addressing mode

Source: (Ferreira, 200?).

Table 2: Extended Immediate Addressing Mode


Table 3: Modified Zero Page
Table 4: Relative Addressing Mode
Table 5: Extended Addressing Mode
Table 6: Indexed Addressing Mode

Table 7: Addressing Mode to Register


Table 8: Indirect Addressing Mode by Register

Table 9: Implicit Addressing Mode


Table 10: Bit Addressing Mode
Peripherals

The microprocessor communicates with the peripherals through three


types of buses: the unidirectional address bus to send
memory and I/O addresses, the bidirectional data bus for
transfer data and control signals to enable the devices.

In the Z80, peripherals are divided into two types: Memories and
Input and output devices.
Figure 6: Peripherals associated with Z80. Source (Gaonkar, 1988)
Interfacing

To be useful, a microprocessor system must accept data from the world


exterior, process them in some way and present results to the world
exterior.

During the execution of a program, the microprocessor needs to access


memória com frequência para ler códigos de instrução e dados armazenados
in memory, and the interface circuit allows this access.
Memory interface

A principal função dainterfacede memória é permitir que o


microprocessor read and write to a specific register of a chip
by memory.

To perform these operations, the microprocessor must be capable of


select chip, identify or register and enable the appropriate buffer.
Figure 8: Z80 interface circuit to an M R/W memory. Source (Gaonkar, 1988)
Input/Output interface

I/O (Input/Output) are the communication channels to the outside world


data can enter or exit in groups of eight bits using the entire
data bus, this is called parallel I/O mode that can
to be interconnected using two techniques: memory-mapped I/O and I/O
mapped by memory.

The other mode is serial I/O, where one bit is transferred using a
data line.
I/O mapped by peripherals - a device is identified with a
8-bit address and enabled by control signals related to I/O.

I/O mapped in memory - a device is identified with an address


of 16 bits and enabled by control signals related to memory.

Note: The data transfer process in both is identical. Each


the device receives a binary address through its interface circuit.
Figure 9: Interface circuit for the LED output port with address 07H. Source (Gaonkar, 1988)
Basic Instructions (programming)

Table 11: 8-bit data transfer


Table 12: 16-bit data transfer
Table 13: Exchange instructions, block transfer, and block search
Table 14: Arithmetic and logical instructions for 8-bit data
Table 15: Generic arithmetic-type instructions and for CPU control

Table 16: Arithmetic instructions for 16-bit data


Table 17: Rotation and Shift Instructions
Table 18: Bit manipulation instructions

Table 19: Jump Instructions


Table 20: Subroutine Calls and Return
Table 21: Input and Output Instructions
Advantages
It has a broader set of instructions compared to the others.
microprocessors;

Works with a clock signal, a square wave with TTL level (5V);

It is fully compatible with Intel's 8080 microprocessor, being able to


to be able to run programs already developed for this processor;

Cheap and easy to program.


Limitations
The critical limitation on the program size is 64 Kbytes, the space
of Z80 address as Z80 compilers with recognition of
pagination does not exist or is extremely rare.

Applications
They are used in devices such as printers, controllers, robots of
industrial use, toys, various types of calculators, video
games, among others.
Bibliography
Ferreira, J. M. (200?). Microprocessor Z80. Brazil: Faculty of
UP Engineering.

Gaonkar, R. (1988). The Z80 Microprocessor. New York: Macmillan


Publishing Company.

[Link].(200?). Obtained on November 14, 2022, from Architecture of


CPU Z80: [Link]
Annexes
Temporal Diagrams

Figure 10: Memory access cycle for reading an instruction code. (Ferreira, 200?)
Figure 11: Memory access cycle for reading data. (Ferreira, 200?)
Figure 12: Memory access cycle for writing. (Ferreira, 200?)
Thank you!

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