Service Scheduling and Transportation Systems
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ScribdTranslationsService Scheduling and Transportation Systems
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsSERVICE SCHEDULING.
An important difference between manufacturing and services, which influences the
programming, it is that in service operations it is not possible to create
inventories to cushion demand in uncertain situations. A second
the difference is that demand tends to be less predictable in operations of
services. Clients can decide, in the excitement of the moment, that they want
a hamburger, a haircut, or the repair of a pipe. That's why the
capacity, which frequently consists of the number of employees, is a factor
crucial for service providers.
In service programming, the main interest is in minimizing workloads.
late, and the rejections, maximize the use of resources, but they can
there are more variables to consider since what is being programmed is
human resources.
The main focus is to achieve correspondence with the availability of resources.
with the demand for such resources.
Service programming differs in several aspects:
In the programming of human resources.
Service systems rarely accumulate inventory
Labor requirement
Demand is extremely variable.
Service systems attempt to match the fluctuating demand of customers.
with the ability to meet that demand.
Service programming varies in different fields depending on
of the type of service they wish to implement in what each of them is looking for
they are to meet the demand.
The operations displayed in a service programming are:
Intangible results that cannot be inventoried
Close contact with the client
Short delivery deadlines
High labor costs in relation to the cost of capital goods.
Subjectively determined quality.
4.4 SYSTEMS FOR PHYSICAL TRANSPORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION.
The basic formulation of the delivery routing problem is as follows:
a company has a fleet of vehicles based in a warehouse to
to carry out the distribution to customers spread across a specific geographical region; it
aims to find the delivery route configuration that minimizes some
expression of the cost of the journey measured in distance, time, etc. (Robusté, 1996).
It should be noted that it is practically impossible to simplify the enormous amount
situations and cases that can arise in the distribution of goods in the
reality and that each problem posed must be studied in particular, analyzing
its characteristics and also providing its mathematical solutions
customized for each specific case.
The transportation process is also considered a critical process in the
management and administration of Logistics Chains and also, generally
represents a significant cost of the total logistics cost. For this reason
it becomes a priority in the logistics chains of companies to manage and
properly plan your transportation and distribution networks.
This is why the transport and distribution system is the most important component.
important for most organizations, as the success of a
the logistics chain is closely related to its design and use
suitable. Transport is responsible for moving finished products,
raw materials and supplies, between companies and clients that are found
geographically dispersed, and adds value to the transported products when
these are delivered on time, undamaged, and in the required quantities.
Likewise, transportation is one of the key points in customer satisfaction.
However, it is one of the highest logistical costs and constitutes a
representative proportion of the prices of the products. The associated costs
with transportation are highly representative in the supply chain and
they are directly involved with the relationship with suppliers,
clients and competitors
That is why the major objectives pursued in the processes of
distribution and transportation in companies are determined by:
Improve customer service levels
• Add value to customers through transportation services and
distribution
The rationalization of distribution networks
The exploration of shared services
The reduction of the distribution lead time.
AMONG THE MOST COMMON MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION, ONE CAN
MENTION TO:
Land Transport
Nowadays, land transportation is one of the most used in the country for the
movement of products and services and the correct scheduling of their routes
dispatch represents one of its greatest challenges.
Rail transport
The transportation of goods by rail, using containers, is seen
favored by the distance of continental trade relationships, at the same time
which remains the main means used in heavy transport in the
highly industrialized countries.
Maritime transport
The conditions of maritime transport have also been modified.
notably due to the development of other means of transportation. Among the
the most important transformations this medium has undergone must be cited
increase in draft, which has led to the need to restructure the ports
to these new conditions and technical means that allow the tasks to be carried out
of loading and unloading.
Air transport
The possibilities offered by air transport have determined that, despite its
cost, has been imposed in a short time, as a means of international transport,
being one of the most used in developed countries. It stands out for its
speed, indifference to the physical environment, facilitating a space for almost communication
unlimited with a wide range of action and the ability to transport almost all types
of loads, although profitability criteria prevail: fast products
expiration, valuable objects, very urgent shipments and people.
Other transport networks
Another area of interest within land transportation is the
mobilization of some sources of energy, liquid and gaseous, through
gas pipelines and oil pipelines. The infrastructure that involves the configuration of this
this type of transport is expensive initially, although once it is up and running
costs are very low.
PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION
A good physical distribution system allows for reduced inventories, decreased
costs, increase sales and fully satisfy customers. The advances
In physical distribution systems, technologies have made it possible.
IT and telematics. Tracking systems for products in transit,
inventory and stock, barcode readers, shipment tracking by
through satellites and all that information accessible through the Internet, is
They are revolutionizing the concepts of physical distribution.
The mission of physical distribution in a company is to develop a system that
I materialized the customer service policy established by the company at cost.
as low as possible.
Storage.
It is the place where products are stored if it is maintained a
inventory. This takes into account size, quantity, and location of the
facilities to store them.
Inventory control.
Inventories are important for manufacturers in general, and it varies
widely among the different industrial groups. The composition of this part
the asset is a wide variety of items, and that is why they have been classified
according to its use.
3) Transport.
The factors that must be taken into account in the selection of transportation
los productos son: Costo, Capacidad y Seguridad.
The choice of transport affects prices, the timing of deliveries and the
condition of the goods.