Direct and indirect modifier examples

When talking about direct or indirect modifiers, we usually refer to the words of a sentence that
they are part of the subject of it, but not of the core of the subject, as they fulfill functions of specification or
characterization of that nucleus, whether it is a noun or a pronoun.

Most sentences in the Spanish language are constructed according to a structurebimembre(of two
parts) made up of unsubjectwhat performs or on whom the action falls, andapredicatewhat the context offers
necessary for the action carried out. Each of these parts will have a core: a noun or pronoun, in
the case of the subject, and a verb in the case of the predicate.

The direct and indirect modifiers will be precisely those that provide us with characteristics and specificities.
regarding the core of the subject, complementing the meaning of what is expressed. The modifiers of the
The predicate is referred to as objects (direct and indirect) and complements (circumstantial, of manner, of time, etc.).

On the other hand, subject modifiers are usually adjectives (ugly, good, all, our, etc.) or constructions to
starting from a preposition (of, with, for, about, etc.)

Difference between direct and indirect modifiers

The big difference between these two types of modifierl core of the subject, rasay in the type of words that the
they constitute and the proximity relationship they establish with the modified subject. For example, the modifiers
directly join with the noun immediately, without intermediaries, and that is why they are usually articles (the,
. the, a, some, etc.) or adjectives.

On the other hand, the indirect modifiers reach the modified noun through a bridge (link)
(prepositional) constructed from a preposition, so they can also consist of nouns and
attached adjectives. In this last point, they can be distinguished from the verb complements in that their meaning is
attributes solely to the subject and not to the action.

Examples of sentences with indirect modifier

These summer days are my favorites.

The math teacher explained the same topic five times, and yet no one passed.
Carbonated drinks make me feel bloated, I prefer not to choose them.
A rabid dog must be properly isolated to prevent potential problems.
5. Capitalism, contrary to what Marx says, seems to be a prosperous system.
6. My wedding godfather was Miguel, my father's great friend.
7. The passion according to him is being able to choose the same job every day.
The cleaning room is at the back, on the left door.
The problem of the crisis will be solved when the investments arrive.
A birthday without cake is a kind of funeral.

Examples of sentences with direct modifiers

The white horse of San Martín was almost as famous as the Liberator of America.
The shirt with the buttons undone should not be worn here.
 The new station will solve all those problems.
Sometimes a white lie is better than the truth.
The Olympic discipline of high jump is one of the most impressive.
A white person waking up in the middle of the city, how can they afford that?
Your mother was listening to the concert while laughing.
8. The doctor distributed the results and the people waited with anxiety.
The abandoned house still has many mysteries.
10. The best player of the national team is Messi.

Thedirect objectit is the fragment of the sentence that receivestheaction of the verbdirectly and always first
place.

To identify the direct object, also called the direct complement, one can enumerate the
nexttips:

They can be replaced by pronouns such as la, lo, las, and los:

“Llamé ami mamápara su cumpleaños.” / “Lallamé para su cumpleaños”.

Bring the books so we can review.
I passed the first and the second instance.
["I accompanied my little brother to the garden.","I accompanied him to the garden."]

They always respond to: Who? Or What?

I need a band-aid / What do I need?

We brought burgers for the kids/ Who did we bring burgers for?
I sent a letter to the municipality / What did I send?
Ramón helped my aunt with the move / Who did he help?

Examples of direct object

The following is a list of sentences that contain a direct object, as an example:

The mechanic fixed it.

Estela promised that she was not going to say anything. (Subordinate clause)
Romina ironed the white sheets. (Noun phrase)
4. After what I heard, I want to (infinitive verb)
I prepared it myself, even if you don't believe me.
Jimena told me she was going to the movies. (Subordinate clause)
My dog destroyed all the plants in the garden.
The girls want (verb in infinitive)
I fixed it after several attempts.
The neighbors asked that we not make noise. (Subordinate clause)
Indirect Object
The indirect object is, within a sentence, the recipient or the one who obtains some benefit from the action.
what the verb encompasses. Generally, the indirect object is composed of the prepositions 'to' or 'for'.
For example, Rosario gave a kiss to her boyfriend.

In addition, the core can be replaced by the pronouns 'le' or 'les' and sometimes by 'para':

Traje unos chocolatesa mi abuela. /Letraje unas flores.

The gardener cut the branches of those trees. / I cut the branches.

In addition, the indirect object always answers the following questions: 'For whom?', 'To what?' and
To whom?

Juana bought chocolates for the kids.

Daniela explained her project to the whole class.
Roberto kicked the chair.

Examples of indirect object

Below is a list of 20 sentences with an indirect object.

Romina sent a package to Gerard by mail.

Diana loves to go camping with her friends.
The thief pushed the guard and entered the safes.
Rosario slapped her ex-boyfriend.
I took the car to the mechanic to get it repaired.
I gave the remedies to Yamila, let's see if that helps her improve.
7. Chocolate ice cream suit for the kids.
Men like football more than women do.
Jorge thanked Lorenzo for helping him with the move.
I made a drawing for my grandma, who is sick.

They are written with ny

The unstressed phoneme /i/ that ends a diphthong or triphthong at the end of an acute word: today, Uruguay.
Excepciones:saharaui, bonsái.

The copulative conjunction and: The little ones and the older ones.

["adjacent","unmoor","disjunctive","underlie"]

The words that contain the syllable -yec-: abject, injectable.

The words that contain the syllable -yer- in any position, except at the end of the word: riot, wasteland.

The plurals in -es of nouns whose singular ends in y: ayes, kings, comboys.

All verb forms that contain this phoneme and correspond to verbs whose infinitive lacks it. This
The rule affects the forms of the simple perfect past indicative, the present, the imperfect past, and the future of
subjuntivo, y al gerundio:cayó, cayeran, cayendo.

All forms of the verbs erguir and errar that carry the prosodic accent on the root: yergo, yergues, yerro,
you will miss

Words that contain the Greco-Latin ending –peya: epopeya, etopeya.

USE OF LL
They are written with 'conll'

Words that end in -illo, -illa, whether or not this ending is a diminutive suffix: rascal, chair.
Words that begin with the syllables fa-, fo-, fu-: mistake, troublemaker, scammer.
{"hallé":"I found","hallaba":"I was finding","he hallado":"I have found"}
Words that end in -ello, -ella: atropello, beautiful, bottle, camel.
Exceptions: plebeian, legalist, fainting, opossum, ome and all the words that contain the ending of
Greco-Latin origin - peya.
The verbs ending in -ellar, -illar, -ullar, and ullir: run over, humiliate, lull, gulp down.

RULES FOR THE USE OF C, S, Z, X.

Verbs ending in cir and ducir are written with C.
Exception: to grasp.
Ejemplos: conducir, aducir, traducir, esparcir, producir, relucir, zurcir, decir.
* Words ending in ancia, ancio, encía are spelled with C.
Exceptions: anxiety, Hortensia.
Ejemplos: constancia, excelencia, extravagancia, cansancio, decadencia, indulgencia, fragancia, conciencia, distancia.
Words ending in ción, related to to, tor, dar are written with C.
[{"composición":"composition","compositor":"composer"},{"bendición":"blessing","bendito":"blessed"},{"rotación":"rotation","rotador":"rotator"},{"atribución":"attribution","atributo":"attribute"},{"sensación":"sensation","sensato":"sensible"}]
admiración - admirador, distribución - distribuidor.
Diminutives are written with C: cito, ecito, ecillo, if they come from words without a final S.
Ejemplos: pez - pececito, dulce - dulcecito, pie - piececito, flor - florecita, mamá - mamacita.
*They are written with C, the suffixes cida, cido, cidio.
Ejemplos: homicida, parricida, amanecido, aparecida, establecido, infanticida, genocidio.
Words ending in 'cimiento' are written with C.
Ejemplos: agradecimiento, padecimiento, restablecimiento, nacimiento, establecimiento, enriquecimiento, yacimiento.
Verbs ending in cer are written with C.
Excepciones: toser, coser, ser.
Ejemplos: nacer, yacer, hacer, adolecer, agradecer, retorcer, estremecer.
Verbs ending in 'ciar' are written with C.
Exceptions: to disable, to yearn, to ecstasy, to anesthetize.
Ejemplos: apreciar, acariciar, neciar, vaciar, negociar, viciar.
Words ending in acia, icia, icie, icio are written with C.
Excepciones: Dionisio, gimnasio, Asia, anastasia, alisio, eutanasia.
Ejemplos: Fenicio, planicie, bullicio, pericia, codicia, malicia, falacia.
It is written with C, the ending ces that arises from the plural of words that contain z.
Ejemplos: maíz-maíces, raíz-raíces, pez-peces, rapaz-rapaces, atroz-atroces.
They are written with C, the forms of the verbs ending in ceder, cender, cibir, citar, as long as they do not come from roots.
that carry S.
Ejemplos: conceder, encender, recitar, recibir, anteceder, percibir.
Verbs ending in zar are written with C before the vowel e and change to c.
Ejemplos: Analizar - Analice, avergonzar-avergüence, canalizar - canalice, utilizar - utilice
Words that end in 'ense', referring to nationalities, are spelled with an 'S'.
["Nicaraguan","Costa Rican","Canadian","Veraguense","Colonense"]
They are written with S, the endings sivo, siva.
Ejemplos: corrosivo, masiva, explosivo, expresiva, intensivo.
* Words ending in sión are written with an S when they come from words ending in so, sor, sivo.
Ejemplos: comprensión - comprensivo, persuasión - persuasivo, represión - represivo, previsión - previsor, precisión -
I need.
Words ending in the superlatives isimo, isima are written with S.
Ejemplos: bellísima, lindísimo, feísima, inteligentísima, delicadísima.
Words ending in oso, osa are written with S.
Ejemplos: Bondadoso, sabrosa, dadivoso, perezosa, maravilloso, grandioso.
Words ending in -ismo are written with S.
Ejemplos: espiritismo, oscurantismo, atletismo, altruismo, vanguardismo.
Words ending in esca, esco are written with S.
Ejemplos: grotesca, dantesca, burlesco, gigantesco, pintoresco.
It is written with an S, the pronominal variant se, in proclitic or enclitic form.
Ejemplos: enclítica - tomóse, llevarse.
proclitic - it approached, it leaves.

Words ending in anza/o and azgo are written with Z.

Excepciones: gansa/o, mansa/o.
Ejemplos: adivinanza, mudanza, panza, hallazgo, danza, alabanza, almirantazgo.
The endings ez, eza, az, oz of abstract nouns are written with Z.
Ejemplos: belleza, voraz, pereza, fugaz, rigidez, atroz, palidez, paz, torpeza, rapaz, timidez, eficaz.
Words ending in azo, aza that denote increase, blow are written with Z.
Ejemplos: manaza, carrazo, ojazos, codazo, puertazo, mujeraza
Names that end in iz, ez, oz, az, of patronymic names are written with Z.
Ejemplos: Rodríguez, Ruiz, Sánchez, Muñoz, Ramírez, Ortiz, Villalaz.
They are written with Z, the endings zuela, zuelo, which denote diminishment or contempt.
Ejemplos: mujerzuela, ladronzuelo, portezuela, jovenzuelo.
Some infinitive verbs ending in zar and their conjugations are written with Z before the vowels a, o.
Ejemplos: analizar - analizo / a, paralizar - paralizo / a, aterrorizar - aterrorizo / a, canalizar - canalizo / a.
Words ending in izo, iza are spelled with a Z.
["mestiza","coppery","lead-colored","unstable","sickly"]
X is written when we perceive the sound cs or gs.
Excepciones: facsímil, fucsina, fucsia.
Ejemplos: sexo, conexión, próximo, oxígeno, exacto, axioma.
X is written when we have this sound followed by h or a vowel.
Ejemplos: exhalar, exasperar, exhausto, exhortar, exhumar, exigente, exuberante.
X is written in front of the syllables pla, ple, pli, plo, pre, pri, pro.
Ejemplos: explanada, explosivo, explicación, explorador, expreso, expropiar.
It is written with X, the prefix hexa which means six.
["hexagon","hexagonal","hexameter","hexasyllable","hexapetal","hexahedron"]
MEASURES OF LENGTH

The main unit for measuring lengths is the meter.

There are other units to measure larger and smaller quantities, the most common are:

kilometer km 1000 m
hectometer hm 100 m
decameter dam 10 m
metro m 1m
decimeter dm 0.1 m
centimeter cm 0.01 m
millimeter mm 0.001 m

We observe that from the submultiples, at the bottom, to the multiples, at the top,
each unit is worth 10 times more than the previous one.

Therefore, the problem of converting units into others is reduced to multiplying or dividing by the
unit followed by as many zeros as there are places between them.

1 meter

But, what do I do if I want to measure much smaller objects? And what if I want to measure much larger objects?

For that we have more units of length: the multiples and submultiples of the meter.

The multiples are the larger units of measurement than the meter. They are the decameter, the hectometer, and the
kilometer. There are more, but for now we will only look at these.
Submultiples are the smallest units of measurement smaller than the meter. They are the decimeter, the centimeter, and the
millimeter.

The following table shows the measurements of length:

To give you a rough idea of the distances measured by multiples and submultiples, let's look at some.
examples.
Examples of length measurements

The distance between Málaga and Santander is approximately 900 kilometers.

The length of a football field is approximately 1 hectometer.

The length of a bus is approximately 1 decameter.

The height of a water bottle is approximately 2 decimeters.

The length of a tennis ball is approximately 6 centimeters.

I hope you liked this week's post and learned about length measurements. If so, don't hesitate to
share it with your friends and colleagues so that they can also learn.
And remember that you can learn and practice measures of length and all primary school math topics in
Smartick, effectively and [Link] for freeand try it without commitment.

MEASURE OF CAPACITY
The main unit for measuring capacities is the liter.
There are also other units to measure larger and smaller quantities:
kiloliter kl 1000 l
hectoliter hl 100 l
decaliter pulse 10 liters

liter l 1l
deciliter dl 0.1 l
centiliter cl 0.01 l
milliliter ml 0.001 l
If we want to convert from one unit to another, we must multiply (if it is from a larger unit to a smaller one).
smaller) or divide(if it is one unit smaller than another larger) by the unit followed by as many zeros as
places between them.
The capacity measures the amount of liquid that fits inside an object. For example,
The capacity of a bottle is the amount of liquid that we can fill it with. Another
a way to refer to capacity volume. Let's say that capacity is volume
what occupies a body in space.
The main unit for measuring the capacity of an object is the liter. But it is not the
the only one we have. There are the multiples, which are the units to express capacities
larger than the liter and its submultiples, which are the units for expressing
smaller capacities.
We can see the units of capacity in the following table:
There are many more measures of capacity, but these are the most commonly used:
kiloliter
hectoliter
decaliter
liter
deciliter
centiliter
milliliter
I show you more examples of capacity measures:

A bottle has an approximate capacity of 1 liter.

An Olympic swimming pool holds about 2500 kiloliters.

A tube of toothpaste is approximately 1

A bathtub holds about 2 hectoliters. deciliter.

A barrel is about 2 hectoliters.

A tablespoon is approximately 1 centiliter.
Espero que os haya gustado el post de esta semana sobre lasmedidas de capacidad. Si es así no dudéis en
share it with your colleagues and friends so that they can learn too.
And if you want to learn many more primary mathematics, come inn Smartickand try it for free.
MEASURES OF WEIGHT

Do you remember what the prefixes of the multiples and submultiples were?
The multiples: kilo, hecto, deca
The submultiples: deci, centi, milli
Take a look at the following table:
There are many more units of mass measurement, but the most commonly used are:
Kilogram
Hectogram
Decagram
Gram
Decigram
Centigram
Milligram
Do you know what is the most appropriate unit to measure the mass of a truck? And for
measure the mass of a teaspoon of sugar? Next, we will see what it is
mass of some objects to know what we can really measure with each unit:

A
A car has a mass of the pear has a mass of 2 hectograms
Approximately 1500 kilograms approximately
 A tablespoon of water has
a mass of 1 centigram and a small teaspoon
A pencil has a mass of 1 de agua tiene una masa de 5 miligramos
deca gram approximately approximately

A small spider has a mass of

1 gram approximately A drop of water has a
mass much less than a milligram,
approximately 0.05 milligrams.

What is statistics?
Statistics is a branch of mathematics and a tool that studies uses and analyses derived from a sample.
representative of data, which seeks to explain the correlations and dependencies of a physical or natural phenomenon, of
occurrence in random or conditional form.

Basic classification of Statistics:

Descriptive statistics is used to describe and summarize (in numerical or graphical form) the data about a
phenomenon from a sample, for which it resorts to techniques such as the mean, the median, the mode, the
histograms, the standard deviation, bar or pie charts, etc.
Inferential statistics deals with generating theoretical models and making predictions about phenomena.
natural or social based on the observations made (and recorded in the sample). Inferential statistics is
used to estimate characteristics about the total study population even if access to all of them is not available
members of that population, for which it resorts to hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, regression analysis,
time series, etc.

List of examples of statistics

The elections for national deputies in Mexico indicate 28.87% of the votes for the Revolutionary Party.
Institutional, 20.86% for the National Action Party, 10.74% for the Party of the Democratic Revolution and
7.16% for the Ecologist Green Party.
The percentage of the population over 60 years old in Canada increased from 17.03% in 2002 to 21.3% in 2013, with a
average growth of 0.20% per year.
Within the hospital where the sample was taken, it can be verified that of the cases of infections
intra-hospital infections, 40% involve urinary infections, 25% are caused by surgical wounds, 15% are
respiratory infections and 10% are associated with catheterization.
In the morning classes, where the sample was taken from 50 enrolled students, it was verified
Considering the number of absences during the month of March, the median is 1.5 and the mode is
2.
The feeding habits of the mollusk population of the Atlantic Ocean were investigated through 5
different samples, taken with a 2-year difference between each one, and it was found that 76% of the animals
 they modified their feeding territories in the last decade, showing this phenomenon a direct correlation
with the rise of the temperatures recorded on the surface of the sea.

Basic Concepts of Statistics

Let's imagine that we are in a school with 200 students and a statistical study needs to be conducted on
the students who pass mathematics in a year.

Regarding the elements of the study, the basic concepts of statistics are:

Population
Sample
Individual

On the other hand, in reference to the results obtained in the study we have:

Value
Date
Sampling

Let's explain each one of them:

Population
All the elements that we will study are called population.
In our example, the population is the set of all students, that is, the 200 students.

You should not confuse this concept with the population of a city, for example. The population does not have to be
Always people. The population is all the elements that we are going to study, regardless.
of anything, whether it be factory parts, animals, data of any kind...

Sample

It is decided that out of the 200 students, only 50 will be chosen to answer a series of questions. These 50
students would be a sample of the population, which was 200 students.

Therefore, a sample is called a part that is representative of the population. The sample will always be more
smaller than the population.
individual

Each of the students in the school is statistically referred to as individuals.

Samples and populations are made up of individuals.

The sample consists of 50 individuals, that is, 50 students, and the population consists of 200 individuals.

Value

The values the result that each of the study data can.

In our example, we are conducting a study on the number of students who pass mathematics.
So, we can have two different values for each piece of data:

Yes, it is approved
Does not approve

<="" ins="" data-adsbygoogle-status="done">

Data and variable

They are called data points to each of the values obtained after conducting the statistical study and variable type of
data, which are a specific characteristic of the population (number of children, height, weight, color, profession, etc.).

For example, we start by studying 3 students and we obtain the following data:

Alumno 1: Aprobado
Alumno 2: Suspenso
Alumno 3: Suspenso

In total, 1 'Approved' and 2 'Failed'.

We have 3 data points and each of the data points can take 2 values ('Approved' or 'Failed'). The variable studied
in this case it is the grade of the subject.

Within a population, data from different variables can be collected. For example, from the neighbors of a building.
You can ask them their weight, eye color, if they are male or female...

Sampling

Sampling refers to the set of data obtained from the sample.

In our study, the set of 50 data from the 50 students in the sample would be the sampling.

Now you are familiar with the basic concepts of statistics, or at least they sound more familiar to you than before reading this.
You'll see these concepts repeated in the statistics exercises, so you're one step closer to knowing how to solve.
your exercise.

Types of statistical variables. Examples

Let's now look at the types of statistical variables that exist according to how their values are expressed. We have:

Quantitative (numeric) variables

o Discrete (isolated values)
o Continuous (all values)
Qualitative variables (non-numeric)

Let's take a look at each of them more slowly.

Quantitative variables: discrete and continuous

Quantitative variables are those that are expressed with numbers or amounts.

A quantitative variable is discrete when it only accepts isolated values, that is, there are no.
intermediate quantity. For example, the number of children can be 1, 2, 3... but you cannot have an intermediate value.

A quantitative variable is a continuous variable when it can take any value within a range of values.
anyone. For example, a person's height can be 1.85 m or the weight can be 76.8 kg. They do not have to
to be concrete values.

Qualitative variables

Qualitative variables are not expressed with numbers, but through a quality.

We can distinguish 3 types of qualitative variables:

Nominal qualitative variable: These are variables whose categories do not follow any order criterion. For example:
colores de ojos (verdes, marrones, azules…), profesiones (abogado, médico, carpintero…), etc.
Ordinal qualitative variable: Its categories follow an order. For example, grades (fail, pass,
notable, outstanding), placed in a race (first, second, third...), etc.
Binary qualitative variable: It only has two categories. For example, boy and girl, open and closed, correct and
incorrect...

Graphical examples of statistics (statistical tables and charts)

 various machines.
Composite machines are
Simple Machines combinations of these 6 types of machines
They do mechanical work. simple: -Levers, Pulleys, Wheels and Axles
All its parts are rigid solids. Inclined planes, screws, wedges.
They are machines that have a single point of It has two types of combinations:
support. Hoists and gears.
They vary according to the location of their point of Building a compound machine means
support. to interrelate a certain
The fundamental elements are: number of simple machines.
-The fulcrum, driving force or power Each of the pieces that make up a
and Resistance Force. a composite machine is called an operator. There is
They produce the transformation of energy two types of operators: mechanical and
what they receive. energetics.
They use energy to function.
The energy they receive for their Simple Machines
functioning is not utilized
Scissors
completely, due to the fact that part of this
it is lost in friction or rubbing.
They are limited to transforming energy but not to
create.
The effort and the load are the greatest forces.
important of simple machines.
Carry out a specific task.
Pulley
COMPOUND MACHINES
This type of machines is characterized by being
those that result from the coupling of
 Train
Tweezers

Hammer
Typewriter

Computer
Pliers

COMPOUND MACHINES Car

Bicycle

Tractor
The Milky Way
The Milky Way galaxy is the one that contains the Solar System and, therefore, Earth.
Be part of the Local Group.

A path in the sky

On serene nights we can see a white streak that

It crosses the sky from side to side, with many stars.

They are just a small part of our neighbors. Together we form the Milky Way,
our galaxy. The Romans called it 'Milky Way', which is what it meant.
milky in Latin.

The Milky Way is our galaxy

The Solar System is located in one of the arms of the spiral, about 25,800 light years from the center and
about 22,000 from the extreme.

The Milky Way is a large, spiral galaxy and can

having about 300,000 million stars, among them, the
The sun. It measures about 100,000 light years in diameter and
it has a mass of more than two trillion times that of the Sun.

Every 225 million yearslSolar Systemcomplete a

It orbits around the center of the galaxy. It moves at about 270 km per second.

We cannot see the bright center because opaque materials and cosmic dust are in the way.
and cold gases, which do not allow light to pass through. It is believed to contain a powerful black hole.

The Milky Way has a convex lens shape. The nucleus has a central area of shape
elliptical and about 8,000 light-years in diameter. The stars in the core are more clustered.
than those of the arms. Around it, there is a cloud of hydrogen, some stars and
stellar clusters.
Scientific contributions from other cultures to the culture of Guatemala

Causes of peace in Guatemala

The cost of Peace. Causes that originated the armed conflict continue
current
Peace in numbers

According to the figures from the Ministry of Public Finance, from 1996 until now there have been
budgeted around Q114 billion, of which 43 percent, almost Q50 billion,
have been channeled into projects of education, science, and culture. Next is health and
social assistance, with 27 percent -Q30 billion-, and in third place security
internal, at 13 percent, which amounts to Q15 billion.

The international community has financed part of these resources. Hugo Vargas, consultant
in international cooperation of the General Secretariat of Planning (Segeplan), reports
that from 1998 until September 30 of this year, US$3,485.8 million have been disbursed
millions (Q26 billion 492 million), although the subscribed amount, that is, the committed amount, amounts to
US$4 million 905.8 million. Segeplan adds that counterpart funds are added to these funds.
that the Government must disburse.

Rooted poverty

Despite the above, no changes are seen. A report prepared by several organizations of the
civil society and sponsored by the Frederich Ebert Foundation highlights that the signing of the
Peace and the ceasefire have not served for Guatemalans to have a dignified life.

In the document, which is based on the Human Development Index of the Program of
United Nations for Development and in data from Segeplan, it is highlighted that poverty
extreme increased from 16 percent in 2000 to 21.5 percent in the
2004. Nadia Sandoval, from the International Center for Research on Human Rights,
the causes that triggered the war are still relevant. More than 62 percent of the
The population lives in poverty, and thus there cannot be peace.

The departments of San Marcos, Totonicapán, Huehuetenango, and Quiché present a

poverty rate of over 80 percent, especially the latter, which was the highest
hit by war, with 344 massacres recorded, according to the Commission for the
Historical clarification. The report also highlights that there is still a significant lag in
education and health. In the first aspect, although coverage has improved
educational, dropout continues. In health, the indicators show that 15 percent of
The population has no coverage.

Pending subject

The Achilles' heel of this administration remains its inability to achieve.

a tax burden of 12 percent on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a target that should have
having been fulfilled in the year 2000. To date, it does not reach even 10 percent.

In a recent report presented by the Government, it is claimed that this administration has
allocated Q5 billion 815.4 million for social spending, which represents a 55.4 increase.
percent compared to what was assigned in 2003. Carlos Barreda, from the Collective of
Social Organizations state that the financial strategy of the State for payment of
peace has failed, as external financing is tied to an internal commitment,
what is raising the tax burden.

Wednesday, December 28, 2011

Protagonists of the peace process

In the Stations of the Cross of democracy in Guatemala stands out the

peace process. On December 29, 1996, the Agreement was signed.
of Firm and Lasting Peace, unique participation of Álvaro Arzú
Irigoyen within the negotiations, enough to
to perpetuate in history, minting in the currency of a
quetzal his last name finely confused with the stylized
word Peace. Subsequently, the capital mayor ordered to
make a gigantic copy in the fountain of the Civic Center, of the modest monument
commemorates the signing of the Peace Agreement at the National Palace of Culture. In
On the eleventh anniversary of the signing of the peace, Arzú made his own commemoration to
to distance oneself from the official celebration of then-President Oscar Berger; the
the distancing of the two politicians who were united in the PAN reflected the antagonism
ideological still existing in our society.

In its 2008 edition, the 'Don't Tempt Us' discredited the

image of Álvaro Arzú Irigoyen, calling him a fraud
liar, prisoner of his vanity and of great capacity for the
deception towards a people with a short political memory and easily
impression by the cosmetic. Despite the critical harshness for the
enormous television propaganda it carries out, cannot
to deny that Arzú has been the best mayor of the capital, and
as president of Guatemala he had his merits in the
culmination of the ceasefire due to their goodwill to sign the agreement
final. However, it is not the main or only protagonist.

In the process of dialogue, the friendly countries of the community offered us their support.
international, especially the sponsors of peace in Guatemala must be considered as:
Mexico, Norway, Spain, and Canada.

Perhaps Vinicio Cerezo would have won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987,
but his counterpart from Costa Rica, Oscar Arias, was more cunning. Reasons:
He had more initiative to pacify Central America; he also influenced the
lack of army in Costa Rica, while in Guatemala, there was the
peasant militarization through the PAC, the Development Poles and
the Model Villages. The Presidential General Staff continued to be the
repressive intelligence brain, the Avenging Jaguar, the white panel,
among other death squads, continued to operate with impunity. A stain for the
the Christian Democratic government was the extrajudicial execution of the anthropologist Myrna Mack, by
whose murder Noel de Jesús Beteta is imprisoned for, thanks to the tireless struggle against the
impunity on the part of her sister Helen Mack, without anyone being punished to date
intellectual authors of the crime.

It is worth recognizing that the intentions to pacify Central America began in a meeting.
of Contadora, beautiful Panamanian island that gave its name to the group of Latin American governments
who met to discuss the issue. The 'Contadora Group,' as it was ultimately called, held
a series of meetings, discussions, and visits to the
governments in power in Central America to try
open political spaces and reduce repression in
against the democratic leaders, and this is how from
this inspiration gives rise to Vinicio Cerezo's proposal of
the Esquipulas Agreements, as well as the creation of
Central American Parliament promoted by the
Vice President Roberto Carpio Nicolle (later
converted into a refuge for the corrupt and a den of
political dinosaurs.
Interests of peace in Guatemala

The armed conflict in Guatemala has its origins in 1960, when young officers
they tried to overthrow the pro-American government of General Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes.
He had broken relations with Cuba after the triumph of the revolution. He also allowed that
Anticastrist troops will train in Guatemalan territory.

Ydígoras represented the continuity of the government aligned with the interests of
Washington of Carlos Castillo Armas, who took power in 1954 after the
overthrow, with CIA support -as confirmed by declassified documents-, of the
former revolutionary president Jacobo Arbenz (1952-54).

Castillo Armas was assassinated in the Presidential House in July 1957. Ydígoras arrived at
power in 1958. In 1962, the guerrilla struggle began with the formation of the Movement
Revolutionary November 13 (MR-13) by some of the officers who
they participated in the attempt to overthrow Ydígoras.

In 1980, the Civil Self-Defense Patrols were created.

In the 70s and 80s, the struggle intensified as the Army launched an offensive.
counterinsurgency that included a policy of 'scorched earth.' This occurred particularly
in the years 1982 and 1983 during the de facto regime of former dictator Efraín Ríos Montt
(1982-83).

The massacres of entire communities in the countryside also caused tens of thousands.
from families were displaced from their territories. About 50,000 Guatemalans fled to
Mexico, where they settled in refugee camps.

After the overthrow of Ríos Montt in August 1983, the military committed to
to return power to civilians, in response to the pressure from the international community. No
however, the armed struggle did not cease.

General Otto Pérez, currently in prison for corruption allegations, and the
commander of the Guerrilla Army of the Poor, Carlos González, signed the Agreement
Peace End.

The Peace Agreements began to be negotiated in 1987 after the establishment in 1986 of
Vinicio Cerezo's government, the first civilian president after continuous regimes
militaries, fraudulent and authoritarian.

In 1990, the first negotiations were finalized and a schedule was established.
The first of the 12 Peace Agreements was signed on July 25, 1991, in Querétaro, Mexico.
It is about the Framework Agreement on Democratization for the Search for Peace through Means
Politicians.

On December 29, 1996, when the Final Agreement for Firm and Lasting Peace was signed,
the National Palace of Guatemala City, society and the international community
they recognized in them the 'minimum agenda' for the country to move towards a future
better, inclusive and democratic.

Belize: Belize Dollar.

Costa Rica: Costa Rican Colón.
El Salvador: United States Dollar.
Guatemala:Quetzal.
Honduras: Lempira.
Nicaragua: Nicaraguan Cordoba.
Panama: Panamanian Balboa and United States dollar.
Patriotic symbols of Central America
Folkloric dances (Holy Week)
30 - children's day
Dance of the deer
May: 1 - Labor Day
10 - día de la madre

June: 3rd Sunday of June

2- Dance of the monkeys
13 - (in Salamanca) they celebrate their
patron saint festivals that are San Juan
3- Dance of the conquest Sahagún

4- Dance of the Pascarines July 5 - Independence Day (USA)

1 - independence of Somalia
5- Cowboy Dance
August: August 1st Swiss Independence
6- Dance of the Moors and Christians 2 - Our Lady of the
angels in Guatemala
Dance of the 24 Devils
September: 15th Independence Day
8- Dance of the Mexicans 7 - the independence was proclaimed of
Guatemala
9- Dance of the Xacalcojes October: 2 - The massacre is remembered
Tlatelolco
11. The dance of the snake. 24 - the founding of the
UN (United Nations Organization)
United

National Holidays November: The day of all is celebrated

The Saints
January: 1 - New Year 2 - Day of the Dead in much of the
6 - Day of the Three Wise Men world

February: 5 - Constitution Day December: 1 World Day of the Fight

14 - day of love and friendship against AIDS
31 - last day of the year
March: 21 - birthdate of Benito Juarez
19 to 27, international film festival in
Guadalajara

April: between March & April Easter Sunday