Operation and Maintenance of

loading and unloading equipment

 ENTITY
TRAINER

Coordinator
PEDAGOGICAL:
Contacts:

TRAINER OF
Contacts:
ACTION:
Nuno Falagueira Tel.: 916821970
E-mail:nunofalagueira@[Link]

DATES OF Start Date:

REALIZATION
Data End:
DRIVING OF FORKLIFTS

Training objectives
The main objective of the course is to train the
collaborators in order to prevent possible
accidents, damages and incidents that may
occur in the use of forklifts
Forklift operation
Decree Law 50/2005 regarding prescriptions
minimum safety and health standards for the
use by workers of
work equipment refers to:

...the work equipment

motor vehicles can only be driven by
properly qualified workers...
Forklift operation
Labour Code, Law 7/2009, in its
Article 127 states that the employer must:

...Contribute to the elevation of

productivity and employability of
worker namely
providing you with vocational training
suitable for developing your
qualification...
Condução de empilhadores

The Labor Code, Law 7/2009, in its

Article 133 states that the content of the training
continuous is determined by agreement or, in
absence of this, by the employer, in which case
must match or be related to the activity
provided by the worker.
Forklift operation

Pallet truck accident

Forklift operation
Types of cargo handling equipment

Pallet Rack
Manual Electric
Forklift operation
Types of cargo handling equipment

Electric stacker

Driver Dismounted Driver on platform

Forklift operation

Pallet jack accident

Forklift operation
Types of load handling equipment

Reach Forklift
Operation of forklifts
Types of cargo handling equipment

Trilateral
Forklift operation
Types of cargo handling equipment

Order Picker
Forklift operation
Types of load handling equipment

Side Loader
Forklift operation
Types of cargo handling equipment

Electric Counterbalance Forklift

Forklift operation
Types of load handling equipment

Counterweight THERMAL Forklift

Gas Diesel/Gasoline
Forklift operation
Types of cargo handling equipment

Accessories
Forklift operation
Forklift operation
Maneuvering a forklift is not a driving test!!!!!
Forklift operation

Playful activities
Forklift operation
Manual pallet jack
Very robust construction, forks and front made of bent steel sheet. Ideal
for sectors of industry, agriculture, transport in vans, among others.

Manual Pallet Jacks are very useful for transporting small volumes
in tight spaces, ideal for the movement of products in and out of
your company.

Great maneuverability, turning angle 102.5º to each side.

Normal command with 3 positions: up/neutral/down.

Wheels: Double/single rim in Vulkolan/Nylon, on forks/wheels
rubber / nylon guides

Normal / Galvanized / Stainless / Scale

Forklift operation
Manual pallet jack
Forklift operation

Manual pallet jack

Forklift operation

Analyze Work Instruction for manual pallet jack

Forklift operation
Electric pallet truck
Of small dimensions, ideal for industrial sectors, agricultural,
food among others, thereby facilitating the transport of goods.

Electric pallet trucks operated by foot easily move loads

heavy, presenting a small turning radius, ideal for use in
warehouses with tight spaces or weight restrictions on the supported
floor.

Equipped with a traction battery that ensures durability and many

hours of operation.
From 1,300 to 5,000 kg
Operation of forklifts
Electric pallet jack
Forklift operation

Electric pallet truck

Forklift operation

Analyze the Work Instruction for the electric pallet truck

Forklift operation

Manual pallet truck vs. ElectricI

Forklift operation

Manual vs. Electric Pallet Trucks II

Operation of forklifts
Special pallet jacks
Pallet truck for placing welding bottles, coils, drums, scissors
manual or electric and electric 90º turners.
Pallets of all sizes, short, long, the right choice
for the handling of pallets in a warehouse, in an agile and economical way.

These Manual Pallet Trucks are very useful for transporting small
volumes in tight spaces, ideal for the movement of products inside and
outside the company.
Forklift operation

Scissor pallet truck

Forklift operation
Stacker manual
These Manual Stackers easily move heavy loads.
resistant and lightweight, specially designed for heavy-duty work
load up to 4,500 Kg and up to a lift of 4.5 mt.

Compact stacker made of aluminum, the quick and safe solution for the
your needs at height. Durable elevator and can be maneuvered with
a lot of ease for one person to lift, lower or move
loads. Adapts to all situations, complying with all standards of
security. Removable for transport in vans.

Wheels: Double/single wheel in Vulkolan/Polyurethane/Rubber

Easy to use.
From 90 to 4,500kg
Forklift operation
Stacker manual
Forklift operation

Stacker manual
Forklift operation

Games
Forklift operation
Electric stacker
These Manual Stackers easily move loads such as cards, parts,
boxes, cans, bags, plastic baskets, etc., lifting them up to 5.0 m.
Equipped with a traction battery that ensures durability and many
operating hours.

Wheels: Double/single wheel in Vulkolan/ polyurethane/rubber

Easy to use.

From 1,000 to 5,000kg

Forklift operation
Electric stacker
Forklift operation

Electric stacker
Forklift operation

Accident
Forklift operation
Main Components
Forklift operation

Forklift Constitution

We can divide the forklift into several parts:

Propulsion system (Engine, Transmission and Steering components)

Command and Control Agencies

Hydraulic System

Chassis, Protection and Support Components for Driving

Lifting and Cargo Transport Equipment

Forklift operation
Forklift Constitution

Propulsion system (Engine, Transmission and Steering components)

Tipos de propulsão(manual, motor combustão, motor elétrico)

Transmission to the driving wheels (Front), is usually done using a

a system of variator in which the clutch pedal is connected to the brakes,
there can be two or more working speeds and a lever or button
electric for reversing gear.

The steering is usually done at the rear wheels, to facilitate maneuvers.

in a short space, and the turning angle is also quite large.
The tires can be solid rubber or pneumatic.
Forklift operation
Forklift Constitution
Command and Control Organs
Forklift operation
Constitution of the stacker
Hydraulic System

It consists of the lift cylinders, mast tilt, displacement

lateral of the forks, and in some cases, a cylinder that allows for the reversal of the
forks.
This system is controlled from the driving position on the control levers.
hydraulic system.
It is normal for this system to be equipped with a valve that in the event of a rupture of the
hydraulic oil tubing, the descent of the load must not exceed a speed of 1
m/s.
Forklift operation
Constitution of the forklift
Chassis, Protection and Support Organs for Driving

Protective roof - this protection serves to protect the operator from falling
objects or load when handling load at height.

Anti-slip platform and steps;

Operator's bank - it must be fully adjustable and in some cases has a built-in
safety switch in which the mast and the forks can only be moved if the
operator is seated;

Reversing sound alarm;

Access pegs to the driver's seat;

Load protection grid - prevents the load from falling in the direction of the driving station;
Forklift operation
Forklift Constitution
Chassis, Protection and Driving Support Systems

Network and/or acrylic protection of the cargo movement area – prevents contact between
the operator and the cargo handling area of the control post and the projection of
lubricant for the mast chains for the control station.

Headlights and brake and turn signal warning lights;

Engine compartment protection cover;

Storage location for traction batteries;

Fuel tanks - there are tanks for gasoline, diesel, and gas.

Hydraulic oil reservoir;

Counterweight – This piece allows for the balance of the loaded forklift;
Forklift operation
Forklift constitution

Cargo Lifting and Transportation Organs

Garfos - pieces made of steel with specific resistance and capacity, have the
possibility of moving laterally to adjust to pallets, although this
operation.

Mast – the function of the mast is to lift the load safely with the help of
lifting currents. There are several types of masts, among which the following stand out:

Double Maestro;
Double Master of Total Free Lifting;
Total Free Lift Triple Master;
Forklift operation
Forklift Constitution
Lifting and Cargo Transport Organs

Double Master;
Forklift Operation
Constitution of the forklift

Cargo Lifting and Transport Organs

Total Free Lift Double Master;

Forklift operation
Forklift Constitution

Lifting and Cargo Transport Organs

Master Triple of Total Free Lifting;

Main differences between driving a car and
maneuver a forklift
The weightThe weight of an average loaded forklift is about four times
superior to that of a car;

The Center of Gravity-which varies considerably each time it

move loads vertically or laterally;

The direction–that the fact of being located at the back modifies the way of
conduct

Non-existence of Suspension - decreases contact with the ground when in

speed or uneven surface.
 Principle of constructing any machine–BALANCE

In the case of a scale

Fig. 1–Whenever the weight is equal on both sides, the
the balance is leveled at the fulcrum (central point);

Fig. 2–when there is a greater weight on one side,

the scale leans towards the weight;

Fig. 3 - With equal weights, but increasing the

length of one of the sides, there is an inclination towards the
longer side.

In the forklift, the weight of the load at the front is

balanced by a counterweight at the rear.
Forklift operation

In the forklift center

of Gravity must be
always located behind
of the front wheels, for
that there is always weight in the
steering area, that is,
on the rear wheels.
Forklift operation

If the load is placed

far ahead, without being
leaning against the back
two forks, or to handle
a load with
very high length,
the forklift can tilt
go ahead.
Forklift operation

If when lifting a load,

if the mast is tilted
forward, the situation
becomes identical to the previous one,
that is, the stacker
leans forward
leaving the rear wheels
to touch the ground.
Forklift operation
The Center of Gravity of a forklift is the point where it
concentrate all forces. In the machine and load set we can
There are 3 points of Center of Gravity:

Center of Gravity of the Stacker

Center of Gravity of the Load
Combined Center of Gravity
Forklift operation

Triangle of Stability

It is the area formed by the 3 points of

suspension of the machine:

Rear axle articulation pin

Each of the front wheels

Forklift operation

•If theequilibrium point shifts outside the area of

triangle, the vehicle will roll over in that direction.

The faster and sharper the curve, the more pronounced

it will be the effect of weight transfer, causing
easily the displacement of the equilibrium point outward
of the area of the triangle.
Forklift operation
The nominal capacity table, in addition
is mandatory in all forklifts, it
an important piece of information for the
operator because it allows you to calculate the
forklift capacity.
It is not always possible to know the weight of
load before moving it!!!
Forklift operation
Forklift operation
Forklift operation
A practical test that can be performed is to lift the load about
2.5 cm to 5 cm and check if the steering wheels are still
sitting on the ground or the engine is not under strain. If by chance that
happening, means that the load is heavier than the capacity of
the load of the forklift and cannot be moved by it. This
tests should always be done slowly, because one
A very quick lift can cause a serious accident.
Forklift driver
Must have passed physical and technical capacity tests that the
believe as a specialist and be aware of the responsibility
what's wrong with your driving

Usually, the company supplying the forklifts

provides driving courses to the people designated by
company that buys the forklift.
Forklift operation

The center of gravity of the set (Load and Forklift) must

be as low as possible. For this, the forklift must be
loaded with the forks down

One should never drive or leave the forklift parked with the
raised forks
The load must be transported in such a way that it does not slip; they must
use appropriate auxiliary elements (cables, ropes or
other fastening elements)

Reversing should always be avoided whenever possible.

that, for inclined descents with loads, it is essential
do it in a way to avoid instability and possible accidents.
Operation of forklifts
Special care is required for backward movements. Cause
frequent occurrences of people being run over by themselves
forklift and some fixed element (walls, etc)

Loads must be transported securely with straps or

cables, according to their nature. The materials
loose items should go inside containers

Transport the loads at a limited speed, avoiding

sharp curves and respecting traffic rules.
The maximum speed should not exceed 20 km/h.
Forklift operation

The passage areas for the forklifts must be

marked on the ground, through separate yellow markings
the passage areas of people

The width of the passage areas should be according to the

size of the forklifts (width of the forklift plus 50 cm
on each side, it is a one-way path and double if it is
of dual direction. In the 50 cm from the center, it will not be necessary
duplicate)

When not in use, forklifts must be stopped.

in a place designated for this purpose.
Forklift circulation routes
Forklift operation
The forklift can tip over if operated
inappropriately.

In case of rollover
DON'T JUMP!
Forklift operation
In case of a rollover
LEAN THE OTHER WAY

In case of rollover
HOLD FIRMLY TO THE STEERING WHEEL
FIRM YOUR FEET
Preventive Measures
•Circulation surfaces in perfect condition. There should not be any
discontinuities in the flooring of circulation areas
forklifts, nor higher inclinations:
A 12% to cover distances less than 3 meters
A 10% to cover distances between 3 and 10 meters
An 8% to cover distances greater than 10 meters
Respect the load limits and ensure its stability
• Circling slowly respecting the traffic rules
Move the loads slowly in each of the loading phases.
transport and unloading
Do not exceed the speed of 20 km/h!
Preventive Measures

Do not use defective or damaged pallets, very

do not store pallets with loose or badly fitted slats
fixed;

If the forklift is failing or

if there is reason to consider it
unsafe, suspend operations and
immediately inform the supervisor.
Preventive Measures
Do not step over objects left on the floor.
Stop the forklift put the objects outside of the
route and inform the supervisor;
Remove the obstacles before following the path;
Preventive Measures
The forks must always be well
placed under the load, preferably
in their total length.
While walking, the back of the load
must be firmly located
against the load guard and the mast
leaning backward;

Make sure there is space.

sufficient to lift and maneuver the
load, pay attention to the heritage
of the company!
Preventive Measures

Check if the load is secure,

especially in the case of loads
loose;

•Perform a test on the load,

lifting it a little, if she
lean to the side, lower it and
move the forks to
better balancing;

Raise the forks slowly so that

the load remains stable and
never use just one of them.
Preventive Measures
Do not pass the load over people and do not
allow people to pass under the forks or
stay nearby;
Preventive Measures
Check the weight of the load.
If it is not identified, ask the supervisor or
to whom it may concern.
Preventive Measures
Do not lift unstable loads - they must be carefully arranged beforehand
levantar, ou bem fixadas.
After being up high and in motion, it will be too late!
Make sure the load is centered before lifting it.
An unstable load is dangerous!
To keep the loads securely on the forks, their length
It must be at least 75% (3/4) of the load depth;
Preventive Measures

Do not drag the load over the

floor, much less push it;

Avoid carrying loose material,

this must be transported
in a suitable container or
platform with side protection;
Preventive Measures

Never attempt to move loads.

in excess or add more
counterweight to the stacker

Be careful when locking, a

see that the loaded forklift
can topple or project the
load;
Preventive Measures

Don't make turns at high speed.

speed, the forklift does not
it has suspension, and it can roll over;

Do not pull or stop

abruptly!
Preventive Measures
When you finish working with the forklift, this
It must be parked and the key turned off and removed.
Brakes engaged, so that it cannot be operated
by unauthorized persons.

Keep the forks

below is the brake
of parking
activated!
Preventive Measures
Never allow passengers on the forks or on any other
part of the forklift!
The forklift only has one seat, and it's for the operator!
Preventive Measures
• Don't put anyone at risk!
Don't go towards someone who is working
near a wall or another fixed object - it may not
to have no way for the person to escape.
• Don't walk with the forks raised!
Preventive Measures
Do not drive with wet or oily hands;
The footwear must be free of grease and fats;
And don't forget, keep your hands on the wheel!
Preventive Measures
If you have no vision, change direction!
Preventive Measures
Stay fully inside
of the forklift!

Never put your arms, the

hands, the legs or the head
outside the limits of the cabin of
forklift!
Signage
WHAT IS IT?
All the signage that is related to an object,
activity or situation that provides indication regarding to
health and/or safety of the worker

Through a sign, a color, a light signal or

acoustic, a verbal communication or a gestural signal
Signage
Applicable legislation:

Decree-Law No. 141/95 of June 14

Decree No. 1456-A/95 of December 11

Importance of signaling:

Stimulates and develops the worker's attention to the risks of

that is exposed, allowing you to still remember the instructions and the
appropriate procedures in concrete situations
Signage
Inside and outside the company's facilities,
There must be ways for quick notice and information,
that may assist the elements of the Company to
act in accordance with the procedures of
security.
Signage
Signage
Signage
Signage
Prohibition Signs

They indicate prohibited behaviors according to the pictogram inserted in

signal
They are used in installation, access, devices, instructions, and procedures.
etc.
They have a circular shape, red outline, black pictogram, and white background.

Prohibited to camp/make fires

No smoking
fire
Signage

Fire Prevention and Combat Informative Signs

Provide indications about the location of the fire fighting material

They have a rectangular or square shape, red background and white pictogram.
Signage
Danger Signs

Indicate potential risk situations according to the pictogram

inserted in the signal
They are used in installation, access, devices, instructions and
procedures, etc.
They are triangular in shape, the outline and pictogram in black and the background
yellow

Various Dangers Danger of Danger of

substances electrocution
flammable
Signage
Signs of Obligation

They indicate mandatory behaviors according to the pictogram inserted in the

signal
They are used in installation, accesses, devices, instructions and
procedures, etc.
They are circular, blue background and white pictogram

Protection Protection
mandatory of mandatory of the eyes
eyes and respiratory pathways
Signage
Emergency Signs

They provide rescue information according to the pictogram inserted in the

signal
They are used in installation, access, and equipment, etc.
They have a rectangular shape, green background, and white pictogram

Post of Eye wash

first of Output of Direction
help emergency emergency to of
left evacuation
Signage
Sign Language: