I.

Generalities
I.1. Introduction
Normalization is currently the subject of new debates and questions, as well
among industrialists as among scientists, to question just as much the nature of the standards
themselves than on their functions, their impact, and their implementation conditions. Thus, the
The forms and effects of standardization in the industry are multiple and varied. Whether in
level of products and markets with labels or designations, at the level of production
with technical standards and standards, or at the level of management methods with ISO standards
9000, all these aspects of standardization condition not only the activities of
companies but also the relationships they can maintain with their suppliers, their customers,
their competitors or even their partners.

I.2. Standards:
These are reference documents providing answers to technical questions or
repetitive commercials.
Many definitions of 'norm' have been attributed:
The definition given by an ISO working group is 'Technical specification, a code of practice'
or any other document intended for a repetitive application, approved by a recognized body
standardization is made available to the public
A technical standard (According to AFNOR) is a document established by consensus (agreement) and approved.
by a recognized body, which provides guidelines for common and repeated uses
or characteristics for activities or their results, ensuring an optimal degree of order.
in a given context. In addition, standardization is characterized by its goals of unifying and specifying.

I.3. Normalization:
It is simply a common language, common to economic and financial partners.
techniques, social ... Standardization is also an accelerator of innovation: first because
that provides structured methods and reliable data that save time
in the innovation process but also because it facilitates the dissemination of ideas and
knowledge of cutting-edge techniques.

I.4. The purpose of standardization is:

The development, publication, and implementation of reference documents called standards.
Standards include solutions to technical and commercial problems concerning
products and services that repeatedly arise in relationships between economic partners,
scientific, technical and social.

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I.5. Objectives of standardization
Promote the principle of economy;
Provide means of communication;
Protection of health and safety;
Compatibility between products;
Transparency of information about products;
To protect consumers;
Promote the quality of life;
Promote international trade.

I.6. Definitions of certain terms

Normative documents/texts: "is a document that provides the rules, the lines of conduct
or the characteristics for activities or their results." This term is generic and
includes several documents such as: standards, technical specifications, codes
good practices and regulations.
Regulation: is any provision taken by a government agency or authority
administrative.
Regulatory texts: they define mandatory rules in the field of security.
of the environment, health, hygiene, stability, level of comfort. We can mention
for example protection against certain risks such as fire, electrical risks...
Technical sheets or recommendations: these are technical documents that
specify important points (design, implementation) of an installation or a
usage.
Certificate of conformity: a certificate issued for a process or methods and which
confirm their compliance with regulations
A process is a set of correlated and interactive activities to transform inputs.
in a result (product or service).
Procedure: specified manner of performing a task (activity).

I.7. Aspects addressed by normalization

Terminology and definitions ;
Graphic symbols;
OServices
People
Compliance assessment.
I.8. Principles of standardization
OConsensus
Transparency;
Independence of technical committees;
Availability of draft standards and necessary documents;
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 Update: periodic review of standards (5 years);
Respect for international agreements.

I.9. Functions and stakes of standardization

Allows the development of markets;
Assistance with the company's strategic choices;
Promotes consumer protection.

I.10. How to prove compliance with standards?

Compliance with standards can be the subject of a declaration by the supplier under their sole
responsibility. He is committed to the quality of his production, his services or his
organization. The supplier or the client can also request that this compliance be certified by
a third party (laboratory, inspection body, certification body...) that is responsible for verifying
that the product, service, or system in question meets the requirements of the standard.

I.11. The principles of normalization

1- Specification:
Specifying means defining the rules of manufacture and use, so it means indicating the
characteristics and the requirements of products, materials, processes, and procedures. The
specification allows for the prediction and reproducibility of results. Specifications represent
a benchmark that ensures quality. We can only specify what is measurable and
reproducible.
2- Unification:
Unifying means specifying the manufacturing rules by indicating the dimensions and the adjustment.
allowing the various parts of an assembly to be interchangeable.
3- Simplification:
Simplifying means defining the manufacturing rules that allow for the removal of the models that create
double employment and models that are not for common use.

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II. The different types of norms

1. The terminology standards: these standards serve to mutual understanding by the

definition ex: vocabulary techniques, units quantities... Each domain contains the standards
of the terminology.
2. The basic standards: According to the classification of quality standards, there is a difference between
the products and materials referred to as 'basic' that are used in the works.

standardized the cables used to make the first airships. The machine tools
use the numbers from the Fox series. Fox series are also used to choose:

4. Standards for reducing the number of models or reducing varieties;

5. Safety and environmental standards: all safety activities are
subordinate to three types of standards:
The design, study, construction, and operation standards;
The standards for control and official tests;
The regulations and internal security provisions

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III. Associations and standardization organizations:

A standardization body is an organization whose primary activities are the establishment

then the maintenance of standards intended for users outside this organization. Their
activities may include development, coordination, promulgation, revision,
modification, reissue or interpretation of such standards. Standardization bodies are
recognized organizations at the national and international level. They can be made up of either
states, either through international consortia of professionals.

III.1. Standardization organizations:

III. 1.1. International Organizations for Standardization
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
It is a network of 163 countries founded on February 23, 1947.
The ISO is a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO);
Participation in the ISO is open only to the standardization institutes of each.
countries (AFNOR for France, DIN Germany ...)
ISO standards are technical documents that provide a framework for development.
worldwide compatible technologies, services;
ISO standards are developed by technical committees consisting of experts from
industries and public research;
ISO standards are voluntary.
ISO as an organization does not regulate and does not legislate (does not manage);
The ISO has no legal authority to support the implementation and enforcement of standards;
ISO standards have been adopted in some countries as part of their framework
regulatory.
2. IEC or CEI: International Electrotechnical Commission
International organization active in the field of electrotechnics.

International organization active in the field of telecommunications.

III.1.2. European standardization organizations

CEN: European Committee for Standardization
CEN, the European Committee for Standardization, is an association that brings together organizations
national standardization bodies of 33 European countries. CEN is active in multiple sectors such as
chemistry, construction, consumer goods, energy, environment, food
health lessons, health and safety, heating-cooling-ventilation and air conditioning
the information society, materials, mechanical engineering such as machines and devices
pressure, metrology, nanotechnology, security and defense, services, transport, etc.

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CENELEC is the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization and is responsible for the
normalization in the field of electrotechnics.
ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI, the European telecommunications standards institute, produces globally
applicable standards for information and communication technologies (ICT), including
fixed, mobile, radio, converging, broadcasting, and internet technologies.

III.1.3. National standardization organizations:

AFNOR: The French Association for Standardization
ANSI: American National Standards Institute
NBN: Belgian Standards Institute
IANOR: Algerian Institute of Standardization
IANOR is a national standardization organization, it is responsible for notably:
Ensure the development of national standards in coordination with other sectors.
Identify national normative needs
Ensure the implementation of the national standardization plan
Ensure the dissemination of information related to standardization
Manage the brand for compliance with Algerian standards.

The recent development of standardization has been marked by the importance of data to the
international normalization through globalization which is gradually becoming established.
With the globalization of markets and the acceleration of technological changes, standardization
And certification becomes a tool for economic actors to develop exchanges.
In this context, the role of the IANOR is to lead this standardization activity and to respond
to meet the expectations of economic stakeholders and to anticipate the evolution of their needs.
The IANOR has formed an experienced multidisciplinary team around four main professions.
business and community services for:

IANOR helps socio-economic stakeholders develop the normative benchmarks they need.
need for their strategic and commercial development, by facilitating their access to the process of
normalization, information and ensuring support services.

IANOR designs and develops a range of targeted information products and services through
supports using the latest techniques.
Help the actors to apply the normative frameworks

companies to integrate, in their strategy as well as in their daily life, the approach of
standards and progress approaches.

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In the face of the proliferation of offerings, product certification is increasingly becoming a selling point.
commercial and marketing towards increasingly informed consumers. The IANOR
propose a product certification (TEDJ brand), based on normative reference standards
Algerian. These missions engage IANOR in all economic sectors, particularly in
all fields beyond new technologies, relying on new standards,
building the world of tomorrow.

III.2. Development of standards:

Example international ISO standards
The development of an ISO standard is divided into several stages:
1- Proposition
A proposal for drafting or revising a standard is prepared based on a request from a
national organization adhering to ISO, a committee, the ISO General Secretariat, or an
organization in connection with ISO. This proposal is generally made because a need has
was expressed by a sector of the industry.
2- Preparation
This is the drafting phase. Based on the proposal, the technical committee or the subcommittee
constitutes a working group. It drafts a standard project called CD (committee draft: project)
of the committee).
3- Committee
This is the main stage where the observations and remarks of national bodies are
taken into account. It is a phase of seeking consensus.
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 The committees have three months to submit comments, based on the results of the
consultation, the committee's secretariat can:
Propose a project
Review the project in a meeting
Validate the project and move it to the next stage
Survey
The project is disseminated to the national committees who have five months to vote (positively,
negatively, or abstention) and make observations if there is no negative vote, the standard is
so publish.
Approval
The project is again submitted for vote (duration of two months) by the national bodies with the
same rules as for the investigation stage. The project is either adopted and sent for publication, or
sent back to the committees for re-examination. The committee can then decide either to propose a new
project, either to cancel the project.