wkLb, g~j¨hvPvB I cÖwZdjbg~jK Abykxjb- 1
†Kvm© †KvW: EDBN 2315
e¨v‡Pji Ae GWz‡Kkb (weGW) †cÖvMÖvg
gwWDj: 1 I 3
iPbvq
W. mybxj KvwšÍ †`
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb, evDwe|
(BDwbU: 1, Awa‡ekb: 1; BDwbU: 2, Awa‡ekb: 1, 2, 3, 4)
W. †gvt †gvnmxb DwÏb
mnKvix Aa¨vcK, ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb, evDwe|
(BDwbU: 5, Awa‡ekb: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
AvBwib cvifxb
mnKvix Aa¨vcK, ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb, evDwe|
(BDwbU: 4, Awa‡ekb: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Avwgiæj Bmjvg
mnKvix Aa¨vcK, ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb, evDwe|
(BDwbU: 3, Awa‡ekb: 1, 2; BDwbU: 6, Awa‡ekb: 1, 2, 3)
mvwKev †di‡`Šmx
cÖfvlK, ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb, evDwe|
(BDwbU: 7, Awa‡ekb: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
m¤úv`bvq
mywdqv †eMg
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb, evDwe|
(BDwbU: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6)
W. G Gm Gg †Mvjvg giZzRv
mnKvix Aa¨vcK, ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb, evDwe|
(BDwbU: 5, 7)
¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb
evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq
Working For Quality
evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq
wkLb, g~j¨hvPvB I cÖwZdjbg~jK Abykxjb- 1
†Kvm© †KvW: EDBN- 2315
weGW †cÖvMÖvg
cÖKvkKvj
cÖ_g gy`ªY
GwcÖj, 2009
cÖ_g cwigvwR©Z gy`ªY
†m‡Þ¤^i, 2010
cyb: gy`ªY
Rvbyqvwi, 2012
evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq
ISBN: 984-34-0071-9
cÖKvkbvq
cÖKvkbv, gy`ªY I weZiY wefvM
evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq
MvRxcyi- 1705|
gy`ª‡Y
weR‡bm wcÖw›Us GÛ c¨v‡KwRs
cÙwbwa †jb
XvKv- 1100|
f~wgKv
Ávb I `ÿZvi cÖZxwZ-cÖc mZZ cwieZ©bkxj| AvR‡Ki Ávb I `ÿZv fwel¨‡Zi P¨v‡jÄ
†gvKv‡ejvq h‡_ó n‡e bv- GUvB ¯^vfvweK| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb cÖwZwbqZ G †ÿÎmg~‡ni bevqb I
AvaywbKxKiY|
wkÿv I wkÿK cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wPi cÖvwZôvwbK aviv G Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖvq `yBkZ eQi a‡i P‡j Avm‡Q|
AZx‡Zi G wkÿv`vb c×wZ wQj A‡bKvs‡k ¸iæ Z_v wkÿK‡Kw›`ªK| wkÿv`v‡bi G aviv Ggb Kx
wesk kZvãxi †kl cÖvšÍ ch©šÍ P‡j AvmwQj| eZ©gv‡b G wPšÍvavivi e¨vcK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| AvaywbK
wkÿv`vb c×wZ wkÿv_x©‡Kw›`ªK I Kg©wfwËK| GQvovI wkÿY-wkLb wel‡q wek¦e¨vcx wbZ¨ bZzb
wPšÍvavivi D™¢e NU‡Q| we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k G¸‡jv Abym„Z n‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k Gi cÖeZ©b GLb mg‡qi
`vex|
Gme AvaywbK wek¦Rbxb wPšÍvaviv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki wkÿv e¨e¯’vq cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿvi gv‡bvbœq‡bi
j‡ÿ¨ miKvi e¨vcK D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| Gi avivevwnKZvq 2005 mv‡j M„nxZ nq Teaching
Quality Improvement in Secondary Education Project (TQI-SEP)| G cÖK‡íi Ab¨Zg
D‡Ïk¨ nj gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wPi gvb Dbœqb I AvaywbKvq‡bi gva¨‡g gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi
wkÿY-wkL‡bi gv‡bvbœqb| †Kbbv GKgvÎ AvaywbK gvbm¤úbœ cÖwkwÿZ wkÿ‡Ki gva¨‡gB gvbm¤§Z
wkÿv`vb m¤¢e|
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wPi gv‡bvbœq‡b B‡Zvc~‡e© †mwmc cÖK‡íi AvIZvq weGW wkÿvµ‡g
e¨vcK cwieZ©b mvab Kiv nq| cÖYqb Kiv nq AvaywbK I wek¦gv‡bi wkÿvµg| wUwKDAvB-†mc
cÖK‡íi D‡`¨v‡M 2006 mvj †_‡K G wkÿvµg RvZxq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gva¨‡g mKj miKvwi I
†emiKvwi wUwUwm-†Z ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q| miKv‡ii wm×všÍ Abymv‡i GKB mv‡_ Zv evsjv‡`k D›gy³
wek¦we`¨vj‡q (evDwe) `~iwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡gI ev¯Íevq‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq| G j‡ÿ¨ 2008 mv‡j
evDwe I wUwKDAvB-†mc cÖK‡íi g‡a¨ GKwU Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq| G Pzw³ Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k D›gy³
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb 2008-2009 wkÿvel© †_‡K GKB wkÿvµ‡gi Aax‡b weGW
†cÖvMÖvg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b `~iwkÿ‡Y weGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv_x©iv gy‡LvgywL weGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv_x©‡`i mv‡_ Awfbœ
wkÿvµ‡gi gva¨‡g GKB gv‡bi weGW wWwMÖ AR©b Kivi my‡hvM cv‡”Q| G †cÖvMÖv‡gi GKwU
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask G cvVmvgMÖx| eZ©gv‡b Dfq avivq GKB cvVmvgMÖx Pvjy i‡q‡Q| ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb
Ges wUwKDAvB-†mc Gi mswkøó Rb K‡Vvi cwikª‡gi gva¨‡g G cvVmvgMÖÖx cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨
Zuviv cÖksmvi `vwe`vi|
G cvVmvgMÖx‡Z wkLb-wkÿ‡Yi AvaywbK I wek¦gv‡bi wPšÍvavivi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bvi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| Avkv Kiv n‡”Q Gi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k hy‡Mvc‡hvMx gvbm¤úbœ `ÿ wkÿKgÐjx ˆZwi Kiv
m¤¢e n‡e hviv evsjv‡`‡ki gva¨wgK wkÿvi gv‡bvbœq‡b `ÿ I BwZevPK f~wgKv ivL‡e|
cÖKí cwiPvjK Wxb
wUwKDAvB-†mc ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb
wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, XvKv| evsjv‡`k D¤§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
cvV wb‡`©kbv
wcÖq cÖwk¶Yv_x©,
`~iwk¶Y gva¨‡g weGW †cÖvMÖv‡g fwZ© nIqvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K ¯‹zj Ae GWy‡Kkb AvšÍwiK Awfb›`b Rvbv‡”Q|
ÔwwkLb, gj~ ¨hvPvB I cwÖ Zdjbgj
~ K Abk
y xjb- 1Õ eBwU ¯‹zj Ae GWy‡Kk‡bi weGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi GKwU ˆbe©vPwbK
†Kvm©eB| wk¶‡Ki mvnvh¨ QvovB Avcbviv hv‡Z wb‡R c‡o eBwU eyS‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨ †Kvm© eBwUi Avw½K
I Dc¯’vcbv cÖPwjZ cvV¨eB †_‡K wKQzUv wfbœ|
G eBwUi cvV¨e¯‘‡K mvZwU BDwb‡U fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨KwU BDwb‡U Avevi GKvwaK Awa‡ekb i‡q‡Q|
ÔwkLb, g~j¨hvPvB I cÖwZdjbg~jK Abykxjb- 1Õ †Kvm© eBwU cvV I Abykxj‡b Avcbvi KiYxq Kx?
¯^wkLb c×wZi g~j K_vB nj wb‡R wb‡R c‡o †kLv Ges wb‡Ri †Póvq †kLv| Ab¨ K_vq, G c×wZi
gva¨‡g wk¶v_x© wbR `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡Ri myweavg‡Zv mg‡q †kLvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nb| e¯‘Z G D‡Ïk¨‡K
mvg‡b †i‡LB ¯‹zj Ae GWy‡Kkb-Gi weGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi wewfbœ †Kv‡m©i eB¸‡jv iwPZ| G‡Z fveMZ HK¨
i¶v K‡i cv‡Vi welqe¯‘‡K KZ¸‡jv BDwb‡U fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi BDwbU¸‡jv‡K KZ¸‡jv
Awa‡ek‡b fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Awa‡ekb cÖv_wgKfv‡e GKevi co‡Z Avcbvi 45/90 wgwbU mgq
jvM‡e e‡j a‡i †bIqv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU BDwb‡Ui †k‡l Avcwb wb‡RB wb‡Ri cv‡Vi AMÖMwZ g~j¨vqb
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GRb¨ cv‡Vi †k‡l i‡q‡Q g~j¨vqb cÖkœgvjv|
we GW †cÖvMÖv‡gi †Kvm©eB covi mgq Kx Kx Kv‡Ri Ici ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e?
cvV I cv‡VvËi g~j¨vq‡bi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi wb‡R wb‡R Kiæb| Avcbvi DËi¸‡jv mwVK nj wK bv, Zv
cv‡Vi †k‡l †`Iqv ÔÔm¤¢ve¨ DËiÕÕ †`‡L hvPvB K‡i wbb|
cvV I cv‡VvËi g~j¨vq‡bi me¸‡jv cÖ‡kœi DËi mwVK n‡j cieZx© BDwb‡U GwM‡q hvb|
Avcbvi DËi¸‡jv mwVK bv n‡j cvV¸‡jv Avevi co–b| cov †kl n‡j cv‡VvËi g~j¨vq‡bi cÖkœ¸‡jvi
DËi Kiæb| DËi mwVK n‡j ci ci cv‡V GwM‡q hvb|
†Kvb cv‡V me¸‡jv cÖ‡kœi DËi mwVK bv n‡j †m cv‡Vi wbw`©ó Ask Avevi co–b| Gfv‡e cÖwZwU
BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv †kl Kiæb|
eBwU‡Z †h mg¯Í wb‡`©kbvg~jK wPý e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡jv:
Avewk¨K cvV
c‡e©i KvR
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vq‡bi cÖkœgvjv m¤¢ve¨ DËi
cvV mnvqK Avi Kx Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q we GW †cÖvMÖv‡g?
¯‹zj Ae GWy‡Kkb GB eBwU QvovI ¯’vbxq ÷vwW †m›Uv‡i Avcbvi Rb¨ cÖwZ mßv‡n wUD‡Uvwiqvj
Awa‡ek‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Gme Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡q Avcwb eBwU co‡Z wM‡q †Kvb mgm¨vq
co‡j †m wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© I wb‡`©kbv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e Avcbv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb n‡j
wUDUi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Awa‡ekb¸‡jv †kªwYK‡¶ gy‡LvgywL †KŠk‡jI cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
GQvov ¯‹zj Ae GWy‡Kkb †eZvi I wUwf‡Z cÖwZ mßv‡n Avcbvi Rb¨ cvV welqe¯‘wfwËK Awa‡ek‡bi e¨e¯’v
MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Avcwb wba©vwiZ mg‡q N‡i e‡m Gme Awa‡ek‡b AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
m~wPcÎ
BDwbU Awa‡ekb welqe¯‘ c„ôv
wk¶v_©xiv Kxfv‡e wk‡L
1
1 wkL‡bi msÁv, ˆewkó¨ I kZ©vewj 11
`yBwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkLb ZË¡
1 _b©WvBK, c¨vfjf I w¯‹bv‡ii wkLb gZev` 23
2 _b©WvBK, c¨vfjf I w¯‹bv‡ii wkLb gZev‡`i ¸iæZ¡ I
2 36
cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj
3 Ávbg~jK weKvk: Ru¨v wcqv‡Ri wkLbZË¡ 52
4 Ávbg~jK weKvk: eªæbvi I Am‡e‡ji wkLbZË¡ 64
`yBwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mgmvgwqK wkLb ZË¡
3 1 Ávbg~jK MVbev`- AmeY© I DBUª‡Ki wkLbZË¡ 73
2 mvgvwRK MVbev`- wfMUw¯‹i wkLbZË¡ 79
evsjv‡`‡ki gva¨wgK wk¶vµ‡gi j¶¨ Ges D‡Ï‡k¨
MVbev`x aviYvi cÖ‡qvM
1 AskMÖnYg~jK wk¶Y-wkLb c×wZ 87
4 2 wkL‡bi †¶‡Î `jMZ KvR, mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb 97
3 mZx_© wk¶Y 106
4 weg~Z© Ávbg~jK `¶Zv- 1 117
5 weg~Z© Ávbg~jK `¶Zv- 2 127
evsjv‡`‡ki gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡q g~j¨hvPvB
1 g~j¨hvPvB Gi Pjgvb Ae¯’vi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ 145
2 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i gyj¨hvPvB Gi Rb¨ M„nxZ mv¤cÖwZK
5 149
c`‡¶c- 1
3 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i gyj¨hvPvB Gi Rb¨ M„nxZ mv¤cÖwZK
161
c`‡¶c- 2
4 we`¨vjq wfwËK g~j¨hvPvB- 1 173
BDwbU Awa‡ekb welqe¯‘ c„ôv
5 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i gyj¨hvPvB Gi Rb¨ M„nxZ mv¤cÖwZK c`‡¶c 181
6 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i g‡bvfv‡ei g~j¨hvPvB- 1 193
7 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i g‡bvfv‡ei g~j¨hvPvB- 2 205
1 we`¨vjqwfwËK gyj¨hvPvB- 2 217
6 2 g~j¨vqb I g~j¨hvPvB 228
3 wkLb Dbœq‡b bvbv ai‡bi g~j¨hvPvB 236
1 myAfx¶vi ˆewkó¨ I iPbvg~jK cÖkœ 249
2 Afx¶vi ¯^”QZv I e¨e¯’vcbvi †hvM¨Zv 255
3 h_v_©Zv n«v‡mi KviY I `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq 264
4 Afx¶vi h_v_©Zvi †kªwYwefvM 271
7 5 Afx¶vi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv n«v‡mi KviY I `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq 279
6 Afx¶vi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv wbY©q 287
7 wkLb D‡Ï‡k¨i †kªwYwefvM 293
8 wkLb D‡Ï‡k¨i †Wv‡gBb 302
9 K…wZZ¡ Afx¶v I Zvi †kªwYwefvM 307
gwWDj: 1
BDwbU 1: wk¶v_©xiv Kxfv‡e wk‡L
Awa‡ekb 1: wkL‡bi msÁv, ˆewkó¨ I kZ©vewj