Written Math: Ratio

Board Book Math (9-10)

1. The sum of ages of mother and sister is s years. The ratio of their ages before t years
was r:p. After x years, what will be the ratio of their ages?
Solution :
Let,
Mother’s present age = a
Daughter’s present age = b
ATQ,
a+b=s--------(1)
𝑎−𝑡 𝑟
= ---------(2)
𝑏−𝑡 𝑡

Now from the equation(2)

𝑟−𝑡 𝑏−𝑡 𝑎+𝑏−2𝑡 𝑠−2𝑡
= = = 𝑟+𝑝
𝑟 𝑝 𝑟+𝑝

(𝑠−2𝑡)𝑟
Then a-t = 𝑟+𝑝

(𝑠−2𝑡)𝑟
⇒a= +t
𝑟+𝑝

(𝑠−2𝑡)𝑝
And b-t = 𝑟+𝑝

(𝑠−2𝑡)𝑝
⇒b= +t
𝑟+𝑝

After x years ratio of mother and daughter´s is

𝑎+𝑥
=𝑏+𝑥
(𝑠−2𝑡)𝑟 (𝑠−2𝑡)𝑃
= + 𝑡 + 𝑥⁄ +𝑡+𝑥
𝑟+𝑝 𝑟+𝑝

(𝑠−2𝑡)𝑟 (𝑠−2𝑡)𝑝
After x years ratio of mother:daughter={ + 𝑡 + 𝑥}:{ + 𝑡 + 𝑟}
𝑟+𝑝 𝑟+𝑝
2. The ratio of present ages of father and son 7 : 2 and after 5 years, the ratio will be 8:3.
What are their present ages?

Solution :
Let,
The present ages of father & son a, b.

ATQ,
a/b = 7/2 ----- (1)
a + 5/b + 5 = 8/3 ----- (2)
From equation (1) we get,
a = 7b/2 ----- (3)
From equation (2) we get,
3(a + 5) = 8(b + 5)
Or, 3a + 15 = 8b + 40
Or, 3a – 8b = 40 – 15
Or, 3 × 7b/2 – 8b = 25
Or, 21b – 16b/2 = 25
Or, 5b = 50
b = 10
In equation (3) by putting b = 10, we get
a = 7×10/2 = 35
The present age of father is 35 years and that of son is 10 years.
3. If two sides of two squares are a & b meter respectively. What wil be the ratio of there
are?
Solution :

Given that,
Sides of squares are a & b.

Area 𝑎2 & 𝑏 2 respectively.

𝑎2
Ratio = 𝑏2

= 𝑎2 : 𝑏 2

4. If the area of a circle is equal to the area of a square, find the ratio of perimeter.

Solution :

𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝑎2

2
𝑎2
𝑟 =
𝜋

𝑎
𝑟=
√𝜋

Perimeter = 2πr : 4a
𝑎
= 2π 𝜋 ∶ 4𝑎
√
= 2√πa : 4a
= √π : 2

5. The ratio of two numbers is 3 : 4 and their L.C.M is 180. Find out the two numbers.

Solution :

Ratio of two numbers = 3 : 4

Let,
 One number is = 3x
& the other one = 4x
L.C.M of 3x & 4x = 12x

ATQ,
12x = 180
180
Or, x = 12
x = 15
One number = 3x = 3 × 15 = 45
The other one = 4x = 4 × 15 = 60

6. The ratio of absent and present students of a day in your class is found to be 1 : 4,
express the number of absent students in percentage with respect to the total number of
students.
Solution :
Absent & Present students ratio = 1 : 4
Let,
Absent student = x
Present student = 4x
Total students =(x + 4x) = 5x
𝑥
Absent students from the total students = 5𝑥
𝑥
In percentage = 5𝑥 × 100

= 20℅

7. A thing is first bought & then sold with 28% loss. Find the ratio of buying & selling
cost.
Solution :

Let,
Purchase rate = 100 TK
After selling with 28% loss
= (100 – 28) = 72 TK
Now,
Sell : Purchase
= 72 : 100
72 100
= ∶ [𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 4]
4 4

= 18 : 25
The ratio = 18 : 25 (Ans)

8. The sum of the ages of fathers & son is 70 years. 7 years ago the ratio of their ages were
5:2. What wil be the ratio of their ages after 5 years?
Solution :
Let,
7 years ago Father's age = 5x
7 years ago son's age = 2x
Present age of father = (5x + 7)
Present age of son = (2x + 7)

ATQ,
(5x + 7) + (2x + 7) = 70
Or, 5x + 7 + 2x + 7 = 70
Or, 7x = 70 – 14
Or, 7x = 56
x=8
Father = (5x + 7) = (5 × 8 + 7) = 47
Son = (2x + 7) = (2 × 8 + 7) = 23
After 5 years,
Father’s age = (47 + 5) = 52
Son's age = (23 + 5) = 28
Ratio = 52 : 28
= 13 : 7 (Ans)

9. Distribute Tk. 300 among a, b, c, d in such a way that the ratios are a's part : b's part =
2 : 3, b's part : c's part = 1 : 2 & c's part : d's part = 3 : 2.

Solution :

a:b=2:3=2:3
b:c=1:2=3:6
And,
c:d=3:2=6:4
a:b:c:d=2:3:6:4
a + b + c + d = (2 + 3 + 6 + 4) = 15

2
a = 300 × 15 = 40
3
b = 300 × = 60
15
6
c = 300 × 15 = 120
4
d = 300 × 15 = 80

10. Three fishermen have caught 690 pieces of fishes. The ratio of their parts are
𝟐 𝟒 𝟓
, & 𝟔. How many fishes each of them will get?
𝟑 𝟓

Solution :
Given,
2 4 5
The ratio of the fishes of fishermen = 3 ∶ 5 ∶ 6
2 4 5
=( 3 × 30) ∶ (5 × 30) ∶ (6 × 30)
= 20 : 24 : 25

20
1st fisheman = 690 × 69 = 200
24
2nd fisherman = 690 × 69 = 240
25
3rd fisherman = 690 × 69 = 250
11. The perimeter of a triangle is 45 cm. The ratio of length 3 : 5 : 7. Find the length of each
side.
Solution :

Sum of the ratio = (3 + 5 + 7) = 15

3
1st side = 45 × 15 = 9 𝑐𝑚
5
2nd side = 45 × 15 = 15 𝑐𝑚
7
3rd side = 45 × 15 = 21 𝑐𝑚

12. If the ratio of two numbers is 5 : 7 & their H.C.F is 4, what is L.C.M of the numbers.
Solution :

Ratio of two numbers = 5 : 7

Let,
The numbers are 5x & 7x
Their L.C.M = 35x
ATQ,
5x × 7x = 4 × 35x

Or, 35𝑥 2 = 140𝑥

Or, 35x = 140
140
Or, x = 35

x=4
L.C.M = 35x = 35 × 4 = 140
(Ans)
13. In a cricket game, the total runs scored by Sakib, Musfique & Mashrafi were 171. The
ratio of runs scored by Sakib & Musfique was 3 : 2. What were the runs scored by them
individually?
Solution :
Given,
Total runs of the three = 171
Again,
Sakib : Musfique = 3 : 2
& Musfique : Mashrafi = 3 : 2

Sakib : Musfique = 3 : 2 = 9 : 6
Musfique : Mashrafi = 3 : 2 = 6 : 4

Sakib : Musfique : Mashrafi

=9:6:4
ATQ,
9x + 6x + 4x = 171
Or, 19x = 171
x=9
Sakib's run = 9x = 9 × 9 = 81
Musfique's run = 6x = 6 × 9 = 54
Mashrafi's run = 4x = 4 × 9 = 36

14. In a office there were 2 officers, 7 clarks & 3 bearers. If a bearer gets TK. 1 & clerk gets
TK. 2 & an officer gets TK. 4. Their salary is TK. 1,50,000. What is their individual
salary?
Solution :
 Here,
The ratio = 1 : 2 : 4

Let,
The salary of bearer, Clerk & Officer are x, 2x & 4x
ATQ,
x × 3 + 2x × 7 + 4x × 2 = 1,50,000
Or, 3x + 14x + 8x = 1,50,000
Or, 25x = 1,50,000
x = 6000
So,
A bearer gets = x = 6000
A clerk gets = 2x = 2×6000 = 12000
An officer gets = 4x = 4×6000
= 24,000

15. In a field, the ratio of production is 4 : 7 before & after irrigation. In that field, the
production of paddy in a land previously was 304 quintal. What would be the
production of paddy after irrigation?

Solution :

Given,
The ratio of production before & after irrigation = 4 : 7

Let,
Before production = 4x
After production = 7x

ATQ,
4x = 304
x = 76
 Production, after irrigation
= 7x = 7 × 76 = 532 quintal.

16. If the ratio of paddy & rice produced from paddy is 3 : 2 & the ratio of wheat & suzi
produced from wheat is 3 : 4, find the ratio of rice & suzi produced from equal quantity
of rice and wheat.

Solution :
Paddy : Rice = 3 : 2 = 12 : 8
Wheat : Suzi = 4 : 3 = 12 : 9

Rice : Suzi = 8 : 9

17. The area of a land is 432 square meter. If the ratio of that land & that of another land is
3 : 4 & 2 : 5 respectively, then what is the area of another land?

Solution :
Hence,
Length of two lands 3x & 4x
Breadth of two lands 2y & 5y

Area of 1st land = 3x × 2y = 6xy

ATQ,
6xy = 432
xy = 72

Area of another
land = (4x × 5y)
= 20xy
= (20 × 72)
= 1440 sq.m.
18. The ratio of sides of a triangle is 5 : 12 : 13 & perimeter is 30 cm. Determine the area of
a square drawn with the diagonal of a rectangle, where the length of the rectangle is the
largest side of the triangle & breadth is smallest side of the triangle.

Solution :
Let,
The three sides of triangle are 5x, 12x, 13x
ATQ,
30x = 3
x=1

So, the sides are 5, 12, 13 cm.

Now,
The length is 13 cm
The breadth is 5 cm

Diagonal = √132 + 52
= √169 + 25
= √194

The sides of square = √194

Area =√1942 = 194
Previous Year Questions
1) In an MBA class the ratio of number of commerce graduates to the number of science
graduates is 2 to 5. If 2 more commerce graduates enter the class the ratio becomes 1 to
2. How many commerce graduates are in the class? ( OC 2008)
Let, commerce graduates and science graduates is 2x and 5x respectively
2x+2 1
ATQ, =2
5𝑥

So, x= 4
Commerce graduates will be = 2x=2×4=8.
Answer: 8
2) The ratio of milk and water in a mixture of 84 liters is 3:4. What will be the new ratio If
3 liters each of milk and water is added to the mixture? (BKB SO – 2023)
Solution:
Given,
The ratio of milk and water = 3:4
And sum of ratio = 3+4 = 7

⸫Milk = 84× 3/7

And water ₌ 84× 4/7

If 3 liters each of milk and water is added then Milk = 36+3 = 39 and Water = 48+3= 51
New ratio of Milk and Water = 39: 51 = 13:17
Answer: 13:17
3) In a group the ratio of male to female is 1:4. After 140 additional males were added the
ratio became 2:[Link] large the entire group after the additional male? (Eastern bank-
05)
Solution:
Let ,
the number of male and female are x and 4x respectively
According to question,
(x+140)/4x=2/3
3x+420=8x
5x=420
Previous member=4x+x=5x=420
After addition total member=(420+140)=560
Ans:560

4) The ratio of the girls and boys in a class was 2:5. If two girls join the class, the ratio
becomes 1:2. What was the total number of students in the class?
Solution
Let, The number of girls = 2p
The number of boys = 5p
And the total number of students in the class = 2p + 5p = 7p
A.T.Q
(2p + 2):(5p) = 1:2
2𝑝+2 1
or, =2
5𝑝
or, 5p = 4p + 2
⸫p=4
So, The total numbers of students in the class was = 7 × 4 = 28
Answer: 28

5) In a mixture the ratio of apples, peaches and grapes is 6:5:2. If the total mixture is 39
pounds then what is the difference between apples and grapes? (BKB SO – 2017)
Given that,
The ratio of Appels, Peaches and Grapes = 6:5:2
The sum of the ratio = (6+5+2) = 13
6
The quantity of Apple = 39× 13 = 18 pounds
2
The quantity of Grapes = 39× = 6 pounds
13
The more pounds of apple than grapes = 18 − 6 = 12 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠
Answer: 12 pounds
6) The ratio of gold and silver in an ornament weighing 42 gm is 4: 3. How much gold will
need to be added for the ratio of gold and silver to be 5:3? (SO-2008)
Solution
Given that,
 Gold: Silver = 4:3
4
So, Gold is × 42 = 24gm
7

Silver = 42-24 = 18gm

If we add gold x gm more, then ratio will be 5:3
So, (Gold +x): (Silver) = 5:3
Or, (24+x)÷18= 5÷3
Or, x=6
Answer 6 gm
7) In a mixture the ratio of apples, peaches and grapes is 6:5:2. If the total mixture is 39
pounds then what is the difference between apples and grapes? (BKB SO – 2017)
Given that,
The ratio of Appels, Peaches and Grapes = 6:5:2
The sum of the ratio = (6+5+2) = 13
6
The quantity of Apple = 39× 13 = 18 pounds
2
The quantity of Grapes = 39× = 6 pounds
13
The more pounds of apple than grapes = 18 − 6 = 12 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠
Answer: 12 pounds

8) In a mixture 60 liters, the ratio of milk and water 2:1. If the ratio is to be 1:2, then
quantity of water in liter to be further added in the mixture. (Standard Bank TAO
2018)
Solution:
Given that,
Total milk and water mixture is 60 liters
The ratio of milk & water is = 2:1
Sum of Ratio = 2+1= 3
So, Initial mixture have milk = 3/2 × 60 = 40 liters
And, Water be = 1/3 × 60 = 20 liters
Let, only water added be X
A, T, Q
40:(20+x) = 1:2
or, 40 × 2 = 20 + 𝑥
⸫x = 60
Answer: 60 liters
9) Three partners A, B & C start a business. Twice the capital of A is equal to thrice the
capital of B and the capital of B is 4 times the capital of C. Find the share of profit of B
if the total amount of profit is equal to Tk. 2,97,000.
Let, Capital of C= Tk. X
Capital of B = Tk. 4x
3
Capital of A = Tk. 4x 2 = Tk. 6x

Ratio of capital of A, B &C=6x: 4x: x =6:4:1

4
The share of profit of B = 297000 × 6+4+1

=Tk. 108,000
Answer: Tk. 108,000

10) The prices of sugar and rice are in the ratio 4: 5. If the price of sugar is increased by
10% and that of rice by 20%, find the ratio between increased prices of sugar and rice.
Let, Price of sugar and rice are X and y respectively.
𝑥 4
So, 𝑦 = 5
10x 11x
Now price of sugar= x+ 100 = 10
20y 6y
Now price of rice=y+100 = 5
11x 6y
Now ratio = :
10 5
= 11:15
Answer 11:15

11) Vacancies for Engineers,Diploma and artisan were in the 5:7:8 and it was decided to
increase by 40% ,50%,and 75% [Link] will be the rivived ratio?(IFIC-2019)
Solution:
Let ,
the vacancies for Engineers, Diploma, artisan are 5x,7x,8x respectively
Now,
Extended engineers vacancies=5x+40%of 5x=5x+2x=7x
Extended Diploma vacancies=7x+50%of 7x=7x+3.5x=10.5x
Extended artisan vacancies=8x+75%of 8x=8x+6x=14x
New ratio=7x:10.5x:14x
=2:3:4
Answer:2:3:4
12) The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a school is 3: 2. If 20% of the boys and 25%
of the girls are scholarship holders, what percentage of the students does not get the
scholarship?
Solution
Let, the number of boys and girls be 3x and 2x respectively
Total students = 3x + 2x = 5x
3x
‘The number of boys who are scholarship holder = 20% of 3x= 5
x
The number of girls who are scholarship holder = 25% of 2x= 2
3x x 39x
The number of students who does not get scholarship = 5x – ( 5 +2)= % of students who
10
39𝑥
does not get scholarship = 5𝑥 100 = 78%.
10

Answer 78%
13) A bag contains tomatoes that are either green or red. The ratio of green tomatoes to red
tomatoes in the bag is 4 to 3. When five green tomatoes and five red tomatoes are
removed, the ratio becomes 3 to 2. How many red tomatoes were originally in the bag?
Solution:
Since, green tomatoes: red tomatoes = 4: 3
Let, Green tomatoes = 4x and Red tomatoes = 3x
4𝑥−5 3
According to question, 3𝑥−5 = 2
Or, x=5
Red tomatoes 3x = 3×5= 15
Answer: 15
14) In a certain accounting class, the ratio of the numbers of accounting majors to the
under of students who are not accounting major is 2 to 5. If 2 more accounting majors
were to enter the class, the ratio would be 1:2. How many students are in the class?
Let the number of accounting major be 2x and non-accounting major be 5x
ATQ,
(2x+2)/5x= ½
Or, x = 4
Total students= 2× 4 + 5 × 4 = 28
Answer 28
15) Arif's salary is twice that of babu's salary. kabir's salary is 1/3 of arif's and malek's
salary is 2/3 of that babu's. Total salary of kabir and malek is what proportion of babu's
salary?
Solution:
Let, Babu’s salary = 3x
So, Arif’s salary = 6x,
1
Kabir’s salary = 3 ×6x = 2x
2
And Malek’s salary = 3 ×3x = 2x
Required proportion = (Kabir +Malek): Babu = (2x+2x): 3x
= 4x: 3x
= 4:3
Answer 4:3
16) The ratio of the salary of A, B, and C is 7:5:3. If B gets Tk. 222 more than what C gets,
then what is the salary of A? (PBL Cash – 2021)
Solution:
Let,
Salary of A = 7x
B = 5x
C = 3x
A, T, Q
5x – 3x = 222
or, 2x = 222
⸫ x = 111
So, the salary of A = Tk. (7×111) = Tk. 777
Answer: Tk. 777

17) The salary of Lamiya and Farzin in the ratio of 7:5 and total of their salary is Tk.
12000. If their annual increments are TK. 200 and 150 respectively. What will be the
ratio of their salary after one year? (Sonali Bank- 2016)

Let,
Salary of Lamia = 7x
Salary of Farzin = 5x
According to the question,
7x + 5x = 12000
or 12x = 12000
or, x = 1000
So, After one year salary of Lamia = 7×1000 + 200 = 7200
 Farzin = 5×1000+150 = 5150
Hence, The ratio of their salary after one year will be = 7200:5150
= 144:103

Answer: 144:103
18) Sana and Ripa earn in the ratio 2:1. They spend in the ratio 5:3 and save in the ratio
4:1. If the total monthly savings of both Sana and Ripa are Tk 500, calculate the
monthly income of Ripa? (Combined Bank OG- 2022)
Solution:
Given the ratio of income Sana : Ripa = 2:1
Expenditure = 5:3
Let, Monthly income of Sana = 2x and, Ripa = x
Again,
Monthly expenditure of Sana = 5y and, Ripa = 3y
A.T.Q
2𝑥−5𝑦 4
=1
𝑥−3𝑦

or, 2x- 5y = 4x – 12y

7𝑦
⸫x= ………………….. (ⅰ)
2

Again,
(2x – 5y) + ( x – 3y) = 5000
or, 2x - 5y + x - 3y = 5000
or, 3x- 8y = 5000]
7𝑦
or, 3 × – 8y = 5000
2

or, y = 2000
Putting the value of y = 2000 in equation ……(ⅰ)
⸫ x = 7000
Hence, the monthly income of Ripa is 7000
Answer: Tk. 7000
19) For every novel in a library there are two science books; for each science book there are
seven business and economics books. Express the ratio of business and economic books
to science books to novels in the library as a triple ratio.
Solution: Given that, total novel =1
Total science books= 2
Total business and economic books =2×7=14
Business and Economic books: Science books: Novel=14:2:1
Answer 14:2:1

20) In two bottles the ratio of acid and water are 2:3 and 1:2 respectively. If a new mixture
is formed by taking the mixture from the bottles in the ratio of 1:3. What will be the
ratio of acid and water in the new mixture? (BD Bank, O.G.-20)

Solution:

In first bottle Acid is ⅖ part and Water is ⅗ part

In 2nd bollte Acid is ⅕ and Water is ⅖ part
ATQ,
⅖*1 + ⅓*3 : ⅗*1 + ⅔*3
= ⅖ + 1 : ⅗ +2
= 7/5 : 13/5
= 7:13

Answer: 7:13

21) For each Taka spent by the sales department, the research department spends 20 Paisa.
For every Tk. 4 spent by the research department, the packing department spends Tk.
1.50. Find out the ratio of the money spent by the sales department to the money spent
by the research department to the money spent by the packing department.
From the Questions, Sales Department: Research Department= 1 : 0.2
= 10 : 2
=200:40
And Research Department: Packing Department = 4: 1.5
= 40: 15
 (As Research Department is in the both ratio, so multiply the first ratio by 20 to make same
ratio of the research department)
So, Sales Department: Research Department: Packing Department = 200: 40: 15
=40:8:3
Answer: 40:8:3.
22) A product is made with three components A, B and C. The ratio of the prices are 4:3:2.
After 1 year price of A increased by 10%, B increased by 8% and C decreased by 5%.
What is the percentage of total increase? ( AD-WDB-23)
Solution
Original ratio= 4:3:2
= 400: 300: 200
After 1 year price of A increased by 10%, B increased by 8% and C decreased by 5%.
So, New ratio = 440:324:190
Increase in cost= (440+324+190)-( 400+300+200)
= 54
54
Required increase percentage= 400+300+200 × 100
= 6%
Answer 6%
23) Rahim is saving for a new bike which will cost Tk. 480. Rahim earns Tk. 1500 per
month. Rahim spends his money on bills, food and extras in the ratio 8:3:4. Of the
money he spends on extras, he spends 80% and puts 20% into his savings account.
Solution
Rahim’s earnings of Tk. 1500 are divided in the ratio of 8x:3x:4x.
Sum of the ratio= 8x + 3x + 4x
= 15x
So, 15x=1500
Or, x =1500 ÷ 15
Or, x = Tk 100
Rahim spends 4x on extras.
So, he spends= 4 × Tk 100
= Tk 400.
20% of Tk 400 is Tk 80.
The number of months it will take Rahim is = 480 ÷80
=6
Answer 6
24) Rahim bought two varieties of rice, costing Taka 5 per kg and Taka 6 per kg each, and
mixed them in some ratio. Then he sold the mixture at Taka 7 per kg, making a profit of
20 percent. What was the ratio of the mixture?
Solution
Let, Rahim mixed x kg, per kg Tk. 5
 Total price= 5x
Y kg. per kg Tk. 6
Total price = 6y
At 20% profit
If selling price 120 Tk. Then buying price would be = 100 Tk.
7 35
If selling price 7 Tk. Then buying price would be = 100× 120Tk. = Tk.
6

According to the question,

35(𝑥+𝑦)
5x+6y= 6
Or, 6(5x + 6y) = 35x+ 35y
Or, 30x + 36y = 35x + 35y
Or, 30x −35x = 35y -36y
Or, -5x=-y
Or, 5x=y
𝑥 1
Or, 𝑦 = 5
The ratio of mixture 1:5
Answer 1:5
25) A gasoline company wants to provide a customer with 1000 liters of premium gasoline
tk. 60 per liter by mixing x liters of regular gasoline costing Tk 50 per liter, with y liters
of unleaded gasoline costing Tk 66 per [Link] much of eash gasoline should be used
to produce the mixture? (Mercantile bank-2011)
Solution:
Let,
The amount of regular gasoline x liter
Unleaded gasoline=(1000-x)liter
Total revenue=60×1000=60,000tk
According to question,
50x+66(1000-x)=60,000-16x=-6000
x=375
Regular gasoline=375 liter
Unleaded gasoline=(1000-375)=625 liter
26) The ratio between the length and the breadth of a rectangular park is 3: 2. If a man
cycling along the boundary of the park at the speed of 12 km/hr completes one round in
8 minutes, then what is the area of the park (in sq m)?
Solution:
Given that, length: breadth = 3: 2
Let, the length of the rectangle be 3x and the breadth of the rectangle be 2x.
The Area = 3x×2x = 6x2
And the perimeter = 2(3x + 2x) = 10x.
Now, In 60 minutes the man covers 12km = 12000 meters.
In 8 minutes the man covers= 12000×8/60 =1600 meters.
Now, we get, 10x = 1600
x= 160
Area of the rectangle = 6x2 = (6 x 160 x 160) sq.m = 153600 sq.m.
Answer 153600 sq.m.
27) A lawn is in the form of a rectangle having its sides in the ratio of 2:3. The area of the
lawn is ⅙ hector. Find the length and breath of the lawn. (Combined Officer-18)

Solution :

Lets,
the length and breath of the lawn respectively are 2x and 3x.
So, Area = 2x*3x = 6x^2
1 hector = 10000 m^2
⅙ hector = 10000/6 m^2
ATQ,
6x^2 = 10000/6
√x^2 = √(10000/36)
x = 50/3
Length = 2*50/3 = 33.33 m
Breath = 3*50/3 = 50 m

Answer: 33.33m, 50m

28) The sum of three numbers is 68. If the ratio between first and second be 2:3 and that
between second and third be 5:3, then the second number? (Islami bank AO 2019)
Solution:
Let,
The three numbers are a, b, c.
𝑎 2 2×5 10
Then, 𝑏 = 3 = 3×5 = 15
𝑏 5 5×3 15
And, 𝑐 = 3 = 3×3 = 9
So, The ratio of a:b:c = 10:15:9
Let, the number be 10y, 15y, 9y.
Then, 10y + 15y + 9y = 68
Or, 34y = 68
⸫y=2
so, second number is = 15× 3 = 30
Answer: 30
29) There are two numbers. 1st number is 12 more than the 2nd number. The average of
two numbers is 19. If 2 added in both numbers, find the ratio of the numbers.
(BD Bank -AD- 19)

Solution :
Lets,
2nd number = x,
1st number = x+12
ATQ,
(x+x+12)/2 = 19
2x+12 = 38
2x = 38 -12
x = 13
2nd number = 13
1st number = 13+12 = 25
If 2 is added to both of the numbers than the ratio is = 27:15 = 9:5

Answer: 9:5
30) A series has three numbers, a, ar and ar2. In the series, the first term is twice the second
term. What is the ratio of sum of the first two terms to the sum of the last two terms in
series?
Solution
Given,
The first term is twice the second term.
So, a=2ar
1
Or, r= 2
a a
Hence the terms are a, 2 and 4
a a a
Now, (a+2): (2+4) = 2:1
Answer 2:1
31) The annual income and expenditure of a man and his wife are in the ratio of 5:3 and 3:1
respectively. If they decide to save equally and find a balance of Tk.4000 at the end of
the year, what was their income?
Solution:
Let, their income be 5x and 3x and their expenditure be 3x and x.
According to the question,
(5x+3x)- (3x+x) =4000
Or, 4x=4000
Or, x=1000
So, Man's income 5x= Tk. (5×1000) = Tk. 5000
And woman s income= 3x=Tk. (3×1000) =Tk. 3000
Answer: Tk. 5000 and Tk. 3000.
32) Daily earnings of two persons are in the ratio 4:5 and their daily expenses are in the
ratio 7:9. If each saves Rs. 50 per day, their daily incomes?
Solution
Savings = Income - Expenditure
Let, the income of the first person be = Tk. x and second person = Tk. y
x:y=4:5
Or, 5x=4y
Or, 5x-4y=0…………(1)
Expenditure of first person is Tk. (x - 50) and second person = Tk. (y - 50)
(x- 50) : (y - 50) = 7:9
Or, 9x - 450 = 7y – 350
Or, 9x-7y= 100……………(2)
By solving the above equation we find that x= 400 and y=500
The income of first person = Tk. 400 and that of second person= Tk. 500
Answer Tk. 400 & Tk. 500
33) A certain college has a student-to-teacher ratio of 11 to 1. The average (arithmetic
mean) annual salary for teachers is $26,000. If the college pays a total of $3,380,000 in
annual salaries to its teachers, how many students does the college have?
Solution
Given that,
Total payment in annual salaries to its teachers = Tk. 33, 80,000
Average salary = Tk. 26,000
So, the number of teachers = 3380000/26000= 130
The ratio of students and teacher = 11:1
So, the number of students is 11 times of the teachers
The number of students = 130×11 = 1430
Answer 1430
34) A football team had a ratio of win to loss of 3 : 1. After winning 6 games in a row the
team's ratio of win to loss became 5 : 1. How many games had the team won before it
played the last six games?
Solution
Given,
Win: Loss= 3:1
= 3x:x
ATQ,
(3x+6): x = 5:1
0r, 3x+6 = 5x
Or, 2x= 6
Or, x= 3
So the team won before= 3× 3 games
= 9 games
Answer 9

35) Three friends Alice, Bond and Charlie divide Tk. 1105 among them. When Tk. 10, Tk.
20 and Tk. 15 are removed from the sums that Alice, Bond and Charlie received, the
share of the sums that they receive is in the ratio of 11:18:24. What did Charlie receive?
[Southeast Bank (TO)- 2020-(Written)]
Solution:
Remaining amount = 1105-(10+20+15)= 1105-45 = Tk.1060
Let, after removing from the sums remaining amount of Alice, Bond and Charlie are
11x, 18x & 24x respectively
ATQ, 11x+18x + 24x = 1060
Or, 53x=1060
Or, x= 1060/53
Or, x = 20
 So, Charlie received = (24×20)+15= Tk.495
Answer: 495
36) The salaries of Lamia and Farzin are in the ratio 7:5 and the total of their salaries is
Tk12,000. If their annual increments are Tk. 200 and Tk. 150 respectively, what will be
the ratio of their salaries after one year? [Sonali Bank-(Officer- IT)-2016-(Written)]
Let the salaries of lamia and farzin are Tk. 7x and Tk. 5x
ATQ,
7x+5x = 12000
X = 1000
Lamia’s salary= 7× 1000 = 7000
Farzin’s salary= 5× 1000 = 5000
So, Required ratio = (7000+200) : (5000+150) = 7200 : 5150 = 144:103
Answer: 144:103

37) Mr. Zaman won an election where the ratio of his votes and those of his opponent
[Link], was 4:[Link] total number of voters was 581, of which 91 did not vote.
Calculate the margin of votes by which Mr. Yunus was defeated? (BB (AD) 2106-
(Written)
Solution:
The ratio of vote of Mr. Zaman and Mr. Yunus =4:3
Sum of the ratio =4+3=7
Here, total voters-581,
Number of voters voted= 581-91=490
4
Mr. Zaman got=490× 7 = 280
3
Mr. Yunus got =490× 7=210
The margin of votes = (280-210)=70
Answer. 70

38) A person buys some pen and pencil. The pen costs TK. 7 each and pencils cost TK. 3
each. If he spends exactly TK. 81 and buys maximum number of pen possible under
these conditions, what is the ratio to pencil?
Solution
The cost maximum no. pens =9×7 = TK. 63
So, the costs of pencils = Tk. (81 - 63) =Tk. 18
The no. of pencils = 18/3 = 6
So, the ratio of the no. of pens & pencils= 9:6 = 3:2
Answer 3:2
39) The mark price of a table is 3 times the mark price of a [Link] giving 5% discount
on table,the profit percentage is equal for both table and [Link] the ratio of cost
price of table and chair (Dutch Bangla Bank- 20)
Solution:
Let,
the cost price of chair is x
the cost price of table is y
Again,
if the mark price of chair =100tk
the mark price of table is=300 tk
Selling price of table= 95% of 300( after 5%discount)
=285 tk
Profit of chair=100-x
Profit of table=285-y
According to question ,
(100-x)/x=(285-y)/y
Or,285x-xy=100-xy
285x=100y
y:x=57:20
And:- 57:20

40) The total emoluments of A and B are equal. However, A gets 65% of his basic salary as
allowances and B gets 80% of his basic salary as allowances. What is the ratio of the
basic salaries of A and B ?
Let the basic salaries of A and B be Tk. x and Tk. y respectively.
Then,
x + 65% of x = y + 80% of y
⇒165x/100=180y/100
⇒165x=180y
⇒x/y=180/165
 =12/11
∴Required ratio=12:11
Answer 12:11
41) A policeman starts to chase a thief. When the thief goes 10 steps the policeman moves 8
steps and 5 steps of the policeman are equal to 7 steps of the thief. What is the ratio of
the speed of the policeman and the thief?
Solution
5 steps of the policeman are equal to 7 steps of the thief
So, 5P = 7T
⇒P= 7T/5
Again,
(Speed of Thief) : (Speed of Police) = 10T : 8P
= 10T : 8×7T/5
= 50 : 56
Ratio of speed of Police : Thief= 28 : 25
Answer 28 : 25
42) The sum of the squares of three numbers is 532 and the ratio of the first and the second
as also of the second and the third is 3 : 2. What is the third number?
Solution
First : Second=3:2
Second : Third=3:2
=(3×2/3):(2×2/3)
4
=2 : 3
4
∴Ratio between the numbers=3:2: 3
=9:6:4.

Let the numbers be 9x, 6x and 4x

Then,
= (9x)2 + (6x)2 + (4x)2 = 532
⇒ 81x2 + 36x2 + 16x2 = 532
⇒ 133x2 = 532
⇒ x2 = 4
⇒x=2
So, third number = 4x = 4 × 2 = 8
Answer 8
43) A bag contains coins of Tk. 1, Tk. 2, and Tk. 5 denomination in the ratio 2: 3: 4. If the
total amount is Tk. 280, find the number of coins of Tk. 5 denomination in the bag.
(Cambined 9 Banks SO 23)
Solution
Let, the number of Tk. I, Tk. 2 and Tk. 5 be 2x, 3x and 4x respectively.
 According to the question,
2x×1 +3x×2 + 4x×5 = 280
Or, 2x + 6x + 20x = 280
Or, 28x= 280
280
Or, x = 28
Or, x= 10
The number of coins of Tk. 5 = 4x
= 4×10
= 40
Answer 40
44) The average age of seven members of a family is 35 years. If one of the members whose
age is 35 years is not included, then the age of other six family members is in the ratio of
1:2:3:4:5:6. Find the age of the eldest member of the family
Solution:
The average age of the seven family members is 35 years.
So, the total of their ages is 35 × 7 = 245 years.
The total age of the remaining six members is 245 - 35 = 210 years.
The ages of these six members are in the ratio 1x:2x:3x:4x:5x:6x
The sum of the ratios=1x+2x+3x+4x+5x+6x
= 21x.
So, 21x= 210
Or, x= 10
Therefore, the age of the eldest member 10 × 6 = 60 years
Answer 60 years

45) A diamond weighing 35 grams cost Tk. 12,250 is cut down into two pieces having
weights in the ratio of 5 ∶ 2. If the price directly proportional to the square of the weight
then find the loss incurred.
Solution
Let the weight of each piece of diamond be 5x and 2x.
Total weight of diamond = 5x + 2x = 7x
Cost of the diamond = (7x)2 = 49x2
Cost of first piece = (5x)2 = 25x2
Cost of second piece = (2x)2 = 4x2
Total cost of diamond after weight = 25x2 + 4 x2
= 29x2
According to the question, 49x2 = 12250
Or, x2 = 250
The loss in the price of diamond after broken = 49x2 – 29 x2
 = 20 x2
= 250 × 20
= 5000
∴ The loss in the price of diamond after broken is Tk. 5000.
Answer 5000
46) Two alloys A and B are composed of two basic elements. The ratios of the compositions
of the two basic elements in the two alloys are 5: 3 and 1: 2, respectively. A new alloy X
is formed by mixing the two alloys A and B in the ratio 4: 3. What is the ratio of the
composition of the two basic elements in alloy X?
Solution
Proportion of two basic elements in alloy A = 5:3
Amount of first element = 5/(5+3)
=5/8
Amount of second element = 3/(5+3)
=3/8
Proportion of two basic elements in alloy B = 1:2
Amount of first element = 1/(1+2)
=1/3
Amount of second element = 2/(1+2)
=2/3
Proportion of two alloys A and B in new alloy X = 4:3
Let the actual amount of alloy A be 4y and alloy B be 3y
∴ Amount of first basic element in new alloy X =(5/8) ×4y+(1/3)×3y
=7y/2
∴ Amount of second basic element in new alloy X =(3/8)×4y+(2/3)×3y
=7y/2
So, the ratio of first basic element to second in new alloy X is = 7y/2 :7y/2
=1:1
Answer 1:1
47) A cask initially contains pure alcohol up to the brim. The cask can be emptied by
removing exactly 5 liters at a time. Each time this is done, the cask must be filled back
to the brim with water. The capacity of the cask is 15 liters. When the cask is completely
emptied and filled back to the brim two times, what is the ratio of alcohol to water in
the cask?
Solution:
Initially:
Alcohol=15L
Water=0L
 After 1st removal:
Alcohol removed=5L
Alcohol remaining=10L
Water added=5L
Alcohol: water=10:5=2:1

After 2nd removal:

Solution removed= 5L
2 10
Amount of alcohol in solution removed=5× 3= 3
1 5
Amount of water in solution removed=5× 3=3
10 20
Alcohol remaining=10- 3 = 3
5 25
Water remaining=5-3+5= 3
Alcohol: water=20:25=4:5
Answer 4:5
48) The ratio of the numbers of boys and girls in a school was 5 : 3. Some new boys and
girls were admitted to the school, in the ratio 5 : 7. At this, the total number of students
in the school became 1200 and the ratio of boys to girls changed to 7 : 5. The number of
students in the school before new admissions was?
Solution:
At present, boys: girls = 7:5
7
At present, the number of boys = 12000× 12=700
5
The number of girls = 12000× 12=500
Let, the initial number of boys and girls be 5x and 3x respectively.
Total student was = 5x + 3x = 8x
700−5𝑥 5
According to the question, 500−3𝑥 = 7
Or, 2500 -15x = 4900 -35x
Or, 35x -15x = 4900-2500
Or, 20x = 2400
Or, x = 120
The number of students in the school before new admissions = 8×120 = 960
Answer 960
49) A man buys some shirts and some ties. Shirts cost Tk.70 each and the ties cost Tk 30
each. If the man spends exactly Tk 810 and buys the maximum number of shirts
possible under these conditions, what is the ratio of shirts to ties?
Solution:
According to the question, worker buys maximum number of shirts possible.
Possible maximum number of shirts = 810/70
=11.57
 ≈11
Cost of 11 shirts = Tk. (11*70) = Tk. 770

Remaining = Tk. (810-770) = Tk. 40; which cannot be divisible by 30

Cost of 10 shirts = Tk. (10x70) = Tk. 700
Remaining — Tk. (810-700) = Tk. 110; which cannot be divisible by 30
Cost of 9 shirts = Tk. (9x70) = Tk. 630
Remaining = Tk. (810-630) = Tk. 180; which is divisible by 30
So, the number of ties = 6
Shirt: Tie= 9:6
=3:2
Answer 3:2
50) A school has 40 rooms that can sit 600 people. Some rooms can sit 10 people and some
can sit 20 people. What is the ratio of the number of 10 person’s room to the number of
20 person room? (Sonali & Janata, IT/ICT– S. O. -18)

Solution:
Let, the number of 10-person room be x and 20-person room be (40-x)
According to the question,
10x + 20(40-x) = 600
Or, 10x + 800 - 20x = 600
Or, -10x = 600-800 = -200
x=20
The number of 10-person room = 20 and 20-person room = 40-20 = 20
Required ratio = 20: 20 = 1: 1
Answer 1: 1
51) Rahim has 30 marbles, 18 red & 12 blue marbles. Karim has 20 marbles. The ratio of
red & blue marbles is equal to Rahim marbles. How many more blue marbles Rahim
has? [Combined-2 bank-(Off)-2018-(Written)]
Solution:
Ratio of red and blue marbles at Rahim = 18:12 = 3:2
So, the ratio of red and blue marbles at Karim is also = 3:2
Karim has total = 20 marbles
ATQ,
3x+2x= 20
Or, 5x = 20
Or, x = 4
Karim’s blue marvel is = 2x= 2× 4 = 8
Difference of blue marbles between Rahim and Karim is = 12-8 =4
Answer:4
52) A man ordered 4 pairs of black socks and some pairs of brown socks. The price of a
pair of black socks is double that of a brown pair. While preparing the bill the clerk
interchanged the number of black and brown pairs by mistake which increased the bill
by 50%. What was the ratio of the number of black and brown pairs of socks in the
original order?
Solution
Black Brown
Pairs 4 x
Price per pair 2 1
Total cost 8 x
So, Original bill = 8 + x

Black Brown
Pairs x 4
Price per pair 2 1
Total cost 2x 4
New bill = 2x + 4
According to the question,
2𝑥+4 150%
=100%
8+𝑥
∴ 3(8+x)=2(2x+4)
⇒24+3x=4x+8
⇒x=16
∴ Brown pairs=16∴Black pairs=4
∴Ratio⇒1:4
Answer 1:4
 BIBM

[Link] ratio of two numbers is 3 : 5 .If 10 is added to each number, the ratio becomes 5:7. What are
the two numbers?

Let the two numbers be 3x and 5x.

According to question
(3x + 10) / (5x + 10) = 5/ 7
Or, 21x + 70 = 25x + 50
Or, 25x – 21x = 70 – 50
Or, 4x = 20
>> x = 5
So, the two numbers are:
3x = 3 × 5= 15
5x = 5 × 5 = 25

Final Answer: The two numbers are 15 and 25.

2. Certain amount of money is divided among A, B, and C in such way that A gets 3 times
as much as B and B receives 2 times as much as C. If A receives Tk 1500 more as much as
C, what is the total amount of money?
Let,
C gets x tk
B gets 2x tk
A gets ( 2x ×3) = 6x tk

According to question
6x – x = 1500
Or, 5x = 1500
Or, x = 1500/ 5
>> x = 300
Total money = 6x + 2x + x = 9x = 9 × 300 = 2700 tk.

3. Tk 430 is divided among A, B and C in such a way that if A gets tk 2, B gets tk 3 and if B
gets tk 5, C gets tk 6. What is the amount of money B will receive?
Given,
A : B = 2 : 3 = 10 : 15
B : C = 5 : 6 = 15 : 18
A : B : C = 10 : 15 : 18
B's share = (430 × 15) / 10+15+18 = 150 tk

4. A man divided his share between his sons A and B in such a way that the interest
received by A 15 % p.a. for 3 years is double the interest received by B at 12% p.a. for 5
years. In what ratio was his share divided?
Let,

A got x amount of share

B got y amount of share
According to question
A's profit = 2 × B's profit
Or, ( x × 3 × 15)/100 = 2 × (y × 5 × 2) / 100
Or, x/y = (2× 5 × 12 × 100) / ( 3 × 15 × 100)
>> x : y = 8 : 3
5. The average age of students of class in 15.8 years. The average age of boys in the class is
16.4 years and that of the girls is 15.4 years. Find the ratio of number of boys to the
number of girls in the class.
Let,
The number of boys be x
The number of girls be y
According to question :
16.4x + 15.4y = 15.8x +15.8y
Or, 16.4x – 15.8x = 15.8y – 15.4y
Or, 0.6x = 0.4y
Or, x/y = 0.4/0.6
>> x : y = 2 : 3

6. The ratio of the salary of A, B & C is 7:5:3 if B gets tk 222 more than what C gets, then
what is the salary of A?
Let,
the salary of A, B and C are 7x, 5x and 3x respectively
According to question,
5x – 3x = 222
Or, 2x = 222
Or, x= 222/22
>> x = 111
The salary of A = 7x = 7×111 = 777 tk
The wife annually save = 3y – y = 2y
Their annual balance is tk 4000
7. The ratio between the length and the breadth of a rectangular park is 3 : 2. If a man
cycling along the boundary of the park at the speed of 12 km/hr completes one round in 8
minutes, then what is the area of the park ( in sq m)?
Given that,
length : breadth = 3 : 2
Let,
the length be 3x and the breadth be 2x
Area = 3x × 2x = 6x^2
And the perimeter = 2 ( 3x+2x) = 10x
Now,
In 60 minutes the man
covers 12km = 12000 m
In 8 minutes the man
covers = (12000 × 8) / 60 = 1600 m
We get, 10x = 1600
Or, x = 1600/ 10 = 160
So, Area = 6 × ( 160)^2 = 153600 sq.m.