General Instructions:
The question paper contains 5 sections: A, B, C, D, and E.
Section A: 1-mark Objective/Assertion-Reason questions.
Section B: 2-mark Short Answer questions.
Section C: 3-mark Short Answer questions.
Section D: 5-mark Long Answer questions.
Section E: 4-mark Case-Based questions.
Figures are not to scale.
SECTION A (1 Mark each)
1. A student takes a blue-coloured copper sulphate solution in a beaker and dips an iron nail
into it. After 30 minutes, the blue colour fades to pale green and a reddish-brown coating
appears on the nail. Which chemical property explains this observation?
(a) Decomposition
(b) Double Displacement
(c) Reactivity Series (Displacement)
(d) Combination reaction
2. Which of the following represents the correct electron dot structure of a Nitrogen (N_2)
molecule?
(a) \cdot \dot{N} : \dot{N} \cdot
(b) : N \vdots \vdots N :
(c) : \dot{N} \vdots \dot{N} :
(d) : N \vdots N :
3. In a flower, the parts that produce male and female gametes (germ cells) are,
respectively:
(a) Stamen and anther
(b) Filament and stigma
(c) Anther and ovary
(d) Stamen and style
4. If a tall pea plant (Tt) is crossed with a dwarf pea plant (tt), what percentage of F_1
generation plants will be tall?
(a) 25%
(b) 50%
(c) 75%
(d) 100%
5. Assertion (A): Carbon forms strong bonds with most other elements, making these
compounds exceptionally stable.
Reason (R): Carbon has a small atomic size which allows the nucleus to hold the shared
pair of electrons strongly.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
6. Assertion (A): Warts and HIV-AIDS are sexually transmitted bacterial diseases.
Reason (R): The use of a condom prevents transmission of these infections to some extent.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
SECTION B (2 Marks each)
7. "Ionic compounds are usually hard solids but brittle." Justify this statement by explaining
the nature of the forces between the constituent particles.
8. A carbon compound 'X' with molecular formula C_2H_4O_2 turns blue litmus red and
produces brisk effervescence with sodium hydrogen carbonate.
(a) Identify 'X'.
(b) Write the chemical equation for its reaction with Ethanol in the presence of an acid.
9. Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in terrestrial
organisms? Explain in the context of oxygen availability.
10. A pure violet-flowered pea plant (WW) is crossed with a pure white-flowered pea plant
(ww).
(a) What will be the phenotype of the F_1 generation?
(b) If F_1 plants are self-pollinated, what will be the ratio of violet to white flowers in the F_2
generation?
SECTION C (3 Marks each)
11. A student wants to coat a copper spoon with silver.
(a) Identify the material to be used as the cathode and anode.
(b) Suggest a suitable electrolyte for this process.
(c) Why are alloys often used in electrical heating devices rather than pure metals?
12. (a) Draw a diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower and label: (i) Stigma, (ii) Ovary,
(iii) Anther.
(b) Distinguish between self-pollination and cross-pollination. Which one leads to greater
genetic diversity?
13. Give reasons for the following:
(a) Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Sodium or Magnesium.
(b) Electrical wires have a coating of PVC.
(c) Metals like Potassium and Sodium are stored under kerosene oil.
SECTION D (5 Marks each)
14.
(a) Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap. Write the reaction
involved.
(b) Why are detergents preferred over soaps for washing clothes in hard water?
(c) Draw the structure of a micelle and explain how it helps in cleaning the dirt (oily spots)
from clothes.
15.
(a) Name the respective parts of the human female reproductive system:
(i) Where the egg is produced.
(ii) Where fertilization occurs.
(iii) Where the fertilized egg gets implanted.
(b) Describe the structure and function of the Placenta.
(c) What happens to the uterus lining if the egg is not fertilized?
SECTION E (4 Marks)
16. Case Study: Corrosion and Prevention
Three test tubes A, B, and C are taken for an experiment.
Tube A: Contains an iron nail, water, and air.
Tube B: Contains an iron nail, boiled distilled water, and a layer of oil on top.
Tube C: Contains an iron nail and anhydrous calcium chloride (drying agent), corked tightly.
After leaving them for a few days, it was observed that the nail in Tube A rusted, while the
nails in Tube B and Tube C did not rust. This experiment demonstrates the necessary
conditions for corrosion.
(a) Why did the nail in Tube B not rust despite being in water? (1 Mark)
(b) What is the function of Anhydrous Calcium Chloride in Tube C? (1 Mark)
(c) Rusting of iron is an oxidation reaction. Reaction with moist air forms a brown flaky
substance. Write the chemical formula of Rust. OR Suggest two methods other than painting
to prevent the rusting of iron railings. (2 Marks)