# Predicted Exam Questions for Human Rights Law and Practice
## January Semester Examination 2026
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## UNIT 1: CONCEPTS AND THEORIES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
### Essay Questions (10 Marks)
1. Explain the origin and development of Human Rights. Discuss its evolution from ancient times to
modern international law. [file:2]
2. Define Human Rights and explain their classification. Differentiate between civil, political, economic,
social and cultural rights. [file:1][file:2]
3. Discuss various theories of Human Rights including natural law theory, utility theory and theory based
on equality and respect. [file:3]
4. What are the sources of International Human Rights Law? Explain with examples. [file:1]
### Short Answer Questions (6 Marks)
1. Write short notes on natural law theory of Human Rights. [file:1][file:2]
2. Explain different kinds/classification of Human Rights. [file:3]
3. Short notes on sources of International Human Rights Law. [file:1]
4. Theory based on equality and respect. [file:2]
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## UNIT 2: UNITED NATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND BODIES
### Essay Questions (10 Marks)
1. Discuss rights and freedoms in Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. Explain its significance.
[file:1]
2. Explain provisions of UN Charter concerning Human Rights and role of UN in protection. [file:2]
3. Relationship between ICCPR 1966 and ICESCR 1966. How do they complement each other? [file:1]
4. Discuss civil and political rights under International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966.
[file:2]
### Short Answer Questions (6 Marks)
1. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. [file:2][file:3]
2. Preamble of UDHR, 1948. [file:2]
3. Human Rights under UN Charter. [file:1]
4. UN Commission on Human Rights. [file:1]
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## UNIT 3: REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEMS
### Essay Questions (10 Marks)
1. Rights in European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 and role of European Court of Human Rights.
[file:2]
2. Role of European Court of Human Rights with leading cases. [file:1]
3. Implementation procedures of African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. [file:1]
4. Human Rights machinery under American Convention on Human Rights, 1969. [file:2]
### Short Answer Questions (6 Marks)
1. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. [file:1]
2. Functions of European Commission of Human Rights. [file:3]
3. Inter-American Court of Human Rights. [file:3]
4. Duties of people under African Charter. [file:1]
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## UNIT 4: HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA
### Essay Questions (10 Marks)
1. Composition, powers and functions of National Human Rights Commission (Protection of Human
Rights Act, 1993). [file:2]
2. Role of courts in India in protecting Human Rights with leading cases. [file:1]
3. Constitution, powers and functions of State Human Rights Commission. [file:1]
4. Human Rights guaranteed under Indian Constitution. [file:3]
### Short Answer Questions (6 Marks)
1. State Human Rights Commission. [file:3]
2. NHRC inquiry powers and complaint procedure. [file:3]
### Problem Questions (6 Marks)
1. **Krishna (Shimoga flood victim)**: House washed away, no govt assistance. Advise. [file:1]
2. **Ramesh (AIDS dismissal)**: Conductor dismissed after AIDS diagnosis. Advise. [file:1]
3. **Passport refusal**: Authorities refuse passport to citizen B. Compellable? [file:2]
4. **Poor labour**: Can't afford advocate. State's duty? [file:2]
5. **Passport impoundment**: Peace activist's passport impounded. Justifiable? [file:3]
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## UNIT 5: VULNERABLE GROUPS & SPECIFIC RIGHTS
### Essay Questions (10 Marks)
1. Rights of child under Convention on Rights of Child. [file:1][file:3]
2. Civil & social rights of children (Convention on Rights of Child). [file:2]
3. Women's rights under CEDAW 1979. [file:2]
4. International law on refugee protection. [file:1]
### Short Answer Questions (6 Marks)
1. Rights of disabled persons. [file:1][file:3]
2. National Commission for Minorities. [file:1][file:2]
3. Rights of aged persons. [file:3]
4. Convention on Status of Stateless Persons, 1954. [file:2]
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## EXAM PATTERN & TIPS