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Quantum Information Problem Set QCL2010

The document is a problem set for a course on Quantum Information, covering various topics such as basis representation, Pauli operators, commutation relations, observables, projective measurements, Bell basis measurements, and quantum gate operations. It includes tasks like verifying projectors, determining post-measurement states and probabilities, simulating measurements, and designing circuits for state cloning. The problems require a solid understanding of quantum mechanics and linear algebra concepts.

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6 views2 pages

Quantum Information Problem Set QCL2010

The document is a problem set for a course on Quantum Information, covering various topics such as basis representation, Pauli operators, commutation relations, observables, projective measurements, Bell basis measurements, and quantum gate operations. It includes tasks like verifying projectors, determining post-measurement states and probabilities, simulating measurements, and designing circuits for state cloning. The problems require a solid understanding of quantum mechanics and linear algebra concepts.

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b24cm1045
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Foundations of Quantum Information (QCL2010)

IDRD-QIC, IIT Jodhpur

Problem Set

|0⟩±|1⟩
1. Show that {|+⟩ , |−⟩} form a basis in C2 , where |±⟩ = √
2
.

2. Express each of the Pauli operators in the outer product notation in the computational
basis {|0⟩ , |1⟩}.

3. Find out the commutation and anti-commutation relations for the Pauli matrices.

4. Consider an observable:

V = ⃗v .⃗σ = vx σx + vy σy + vz σz ,

where vx , vy , vz are real and vx2 + vy2 + vz2 = 1, and σ’s correspond to Pauli matrices. V
is an observable with eigenvalues ±1 and corresponding projectors P± = I±V 2
.
Verify that P± are indeed projectors.

5. Consider a measurement with projectors {|+⟩⟨+| , |−⟩⟨−|}, where |±⟩ = |0⟩±|1⟩


√
2
.
i) Verify that the measurement is indeed a projective measurement.
ii) Suppose we measure a state |ψ⟩ = α |0⟩ + β |1⟩ in the given basis. Here α, β are
real and α2 + β 2 = 1. What are the post measurement states and the corresponding
probabilities of obtaining those states?

6. Consider a measurement in Bell basis, i.e., {|ϕ+ ⟩ , |ϕ− ⟩ , |ψ + ⟩ , |ψ − ⟩}.


Suppose we perform the given measurement on state |ψ⟩ = α |01⟩ + β |10⟩, where α, β
are real and α2 + β 2 = 1. What are the post measurement states and the corresponding
probabilities of obtaining those states?

7. Suppose our goal is to perform a measurement on a qubit (|ψ⟩ = α |+⟩ + β |−⟩)in the
following basis: {|+⟩ , |−⟩}. However, let’s assume that we don’t have a measurement
device that can implement this measurement, instead we have a device that can implement
a measurement in the computational basis. Simulate the outcomes (final state and
probabilities) of the intended measurement using computational basis measurement
[Hint: You can use any single qubit gate in your circuit].

8. Show that c-U ̸= c-(eiθ U ) for θ not equal to any integer multiple of 2π. Here U is any
arbitrary two-qubit unitary and c represents a controlled operation. [Hint: Remember
that U and eiθ U are equivalent as they only differ by a global phase.]
U
9. Suppose the action of a map U on a given qubits is the following: |a⟩ |b⟩ −→ |b⟩ |a⟩.
Decompose this map in terms of fundamental gates (that we introduced in the lectures)
with proper explanation.

10. i) Design a circuit that can clone the states |0⟩ and |1⟩. √
ii) Construct a circuit which can clone the states |+⟩ and |−⟩, where |±⟩ = (|0⟩±|1⟩)/ 2.

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