TYPES OF THREADS

There are different types of threads that you must learn to distinguish so that you can
select the most suitable for each type of sewing.

A thread is a long and thin strand.

made with textile material fibers.

A thread is composed of 1, 2, or more twisted strands.

Cables
The fibers that the threads are made of can be:

NATURAL FIBERS
The fibers that the threads are made of can be:
Animal origin: Like wool, obtained from the fleece of sheep, or silk,
obtained from the fiber that the silk worm secretes when making its cocoon.
Of animal origin: like cotton and linen.

ARTIFICIAL FIBERS
They are produced through chemical processes, especially from derivatives of
oil, coal, and other minerals. They are also called Synthetic Fibers.
Examples of them are: nylon, acrylic, and polyester.

CALIBERS
Threads come in different thicknesses.
VERY THICK 40/3 40/2
THICK 70/2 AND 60/2
MEDIAN 100/2 120/2
SLIM
VERY THIN

The first number represents the stretches that the thread has received when it is being
elaborating. Thus, the more stretching it has received, the thinner it will be.
The number that comes after the dash represents the number of ropes that
They form the thread.
The thread 120/2 has undergone 120 stretches and is made up of 2 strands. It is a thread.
very thin.
The 40/3 thread has only suffered 40 stretches, it is a very thick thread. It is made up of
of 3 cables.

The selection of thread gauge depends on the type of fabric and garment being made.
cosplayer.

. Thread 40/3 for maximum strength seams.

. 60/2 thread for sewing thick poplins and drills.
. 70/2 thread for sewing poplins.
. Thread 100/2 for children's clothing.
. Thread 120/2 for embroidering lace and edges of handkerchiefs or lightweight fabrics.
COTTON THREADS

For sewing woven fabrics made from natural fibers, cotton threads are used.

MIXES

In the sewing of woven fabrics made from synthetic fibers, threads are used that are manufactured
with blends of cotton and polyester. It is a stronger thread than cotton.

ARTIFICIAL FIBERS THREADS

 There are also threads made of artificial fibers and
dacron, which are highly resistant. They are widely used in industrial sewing.
to sew hems, lace and overlocks. These threads are single filament and
very elastic.

The thread cartridge is the most ordinary and the most economical. It is a very weak thread that
breaks easily. Suitable for hand sewing and overlocking...

It is recommended to baste with white thread, as the colors of this type of thread in
The stitches are not very firm and may leave marks on the fabric when removing the basting.
When you try to use it in a machine, it breaks and gets stuck in the needle's eye.

The small tube is the most advisable for various tailoring tasks, in seams.
hand or machine. It is a mercerized cotton thread, that is to say, it has received a
special treatment for greater resistance, elasticity and appearance. It does not present
Fibers in yarn. Its gauge is generally 40/2 and 70/2.
There are also 1,000 yard thread spools, which can be more
economical. It is a thicker thread than that of tubino and requires a needle with a larger eye.
wide.

There are also thread cones of 5,000, 12,000, 16,000 yards for production
industrial.

All threads come wrapped in cellophane paper that protects them from moisture and
of the environment. When a thread is left out in the open, it loses its color and
resistance.

To facilitate threading the thread through the needle, do not break it but cut it with the
scissors at an angle, so that the tip is pointed.
CLASSES
OF FABRICS
A fabric is a structure made of textile fibers. It can be manufactured by a
of the following techniques:
Aglutination
Flat tissue
[Link] fabric

Due to the agglutination of fibers

Fibers that have not gone through spinning processes are used. Layers are moistened.
of wool fibers or animal hair and through pressure and heat, the layers of
fibers adhere forming fabrics. An example of this process is the
FELT and some types of interfacing like the interlining.
2. Flat fabric

A fabric manufacturing process involves interweaving two using a loom.

threads that form the warp and the weft. Thus, the two intertwined threads go
forming a flat fabric at a right angle.

3. Knitted fabric

The intertwining can be known as knitting fabric. It consists of passing a

thread a needle and then pass it to another needle. Thus, with a single thread, you...
it forms a mesh, like the one made with hand knitting needles. But this process is
carried out with industrial machinery.

Knit fabrics are difficult to handle, they slip when cutting. They stretch.
easily, which is why they adapt to the body. When the intertwining begins to form
a design, they are called Double Needle Knitting.

COLOR OF THE FABRICS

Raw: When the fabric retains the natural color of the fibers, without any other
treatment.
Dyed: When the threads have been dyed with some color before weaving.
fabric. This allows fabrics to have various colors like those called
Scottish.
Piece dyeing: Dyeing after the piece has been woven. The fabric remains a single color.
color
White: Process of bleaching the fabric.
 Printing: Color applied with molds and special designs. They usually go
for the right of the fabric.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN TYPES OF FABRICS

NATURAL FIBERS
Fabrics made from cotton fibers

Fabrics made with cotton are fresh, wrinkle easily, are low in elasticity and
they are attacked by mold. They can be washed with strong soaps and ironed with an iron
hot.

Cotton is used in a wide variety of fabrics, such as: Drills for clothing.
work. Fabrics for bed linens Poplin, Ottoman, etc.

Fabrics made from sheep wool

. Fabrics made with wool are cool and heavy.

. They wrinkle very little.
. They absorb a lot of moisture before giving the feeling of being wet.
. They are attacked by the moths.
. Wool does not withstand washing with strong soaps.
. To iron it, a cloth or cotton fabric should be placed on top,
because the direct heat from the iron burns it.
. Wash it with cold water, with mild soap, without leaving it soapy for a long time,
It should be rinsed well with clean water.
. Do not wring it out as it distorts the garment. Squeeze it out by making...
press with your hands. Let the garment dry in the shade or in the wind but
never in direct sunlight.
Wool is especially used in the production of cloths, blankets, and fabrics.
point.
What are the main types of fabrics made from natural fibers:

. COLLECTION
It is a coated cotton fabric, rough and easily wrinkled. The weave is
a little compact. It is the least expensive. It comes in a width of 70 centimeters.
It is used for making simple and economical garments. They do not allow for a good
finished seams. It tears easily and has a short duration, meaning it is of
low quality. When washed, it shrinks and deforms.
It frays and unravels easily. It is often used to make garments.
simple for children.
It usually comes in white and in strong colors of a single background.

. DIAGONAL
It is a cotton fabric, tightly woven and durable, of better quality than the braid.
When washed, it tends to shrink and the fabric becomes denser. It wrinkles little. It comes in a
width of 90 centimeters. It is used in the creation of pocket linings and waistbands.
The color variety is limited, generally white, black, gray, and cream or 'beige'.
Before making it, it should be washed and ironed while damp so that it shrinks and fits.
to its size and normal thickness. It is identified because on the right side the threads are
arranged diagonally.

. POPOLINA
It is a cotton fabric, made of plain weave. They usually come with a width of 90.
centimeters or 110 centimeters. They are generally printed on the right, it is
say with the motives and painted designs, reason why they fade after
various washes. They can also be found in a single tone or background with a shiny right side.
it has a satin finish and a matte reverse. It is a medium quality fabric, widely used in the
making low-cost garments, such as shirts and uniforms. It wrinkles with
ease.

. Ottoman
It is a cotton fabric with a tight weave. It comes in a width of 70 centimeters.
it is characterized by having some strands thicker than others, therefore its
the surface is not even. It is used in the making of simple garments. It comes in
general in strong colors on a single background.

. GENRE
Cotton fabric, it is especially used for bed linens, which is why its
Width is 220 centimeters and 3 meters. It comes in different soft colors and
prints. Tends to shrink.

. DRILL
It is a fabric made of thick and strong cotton. On the right side, the weave appears in
diagonal sense and has a slight shine. It is especially used for work clothing.
and sporty due to its resistance and duration. It usually comes in 120 and 150
centimeters wide.

. OPAL
It is a thin fabric, with a straight and loosely woven structure. It is used for dress linings.
especially in children's clothing. It should always be washed and ironed before sewing it to
that does not deform the garment when it shrinks later. It comes in light colors and in
a width of 90 centimeters. It wrinkles easily.
 . DACRON is a fine flat fabric made from cotton and polyester.
Very commonly used in the making of blouses, shirts, women's dresses, and children's clothing.
It comes in a wide variety of colors and printed and woven designs. It comes
generally in widths of 90 centimeters or 110 centimeters.

. GABARDINE It is a dense fabric made of cotton, wool, or polyester.

The fabric has a diagonal shape and is used as waterproof.
The gabardine fabric comes in a width of 150 centimeters.
It is used in the making of dresses, trousers, jackets, and coats.
It is strong and has a shiny appearance.

. SEDAN
They are soft, transparent fabrics, pleasant to the touch and very durable.
They can be made from natural fibers of silk worms, or with fibers
artificial ones that imitate the natural ones.
In natural silk, the ends are soft, smooth, and shiny.
They are used in the making of blouses and dresses for women.

. LINEN
It is a fabric made from plant fibers.
Resistant, fresh, and absorbent.
It wrinkles easily. Used in the making of shirts and sleepwear. It is also
It is called THREAD. It generally comes in a width of 150 centimeters.

. Satin
Very shiny or satin fabric made with mercerized cotton. It is smoother due to the
right, especially for making dresses, robes, pajamas, covers, linings. Also
is named SATEN.

. RASO
Fabric similar to satin but thicker. It is shiny and smooth. It is used for suits.
ceremony for lady, curtains, linings, and ornaments.

. PANA
Cotton fiber fabric.
It is soft to the touch and heavy.
Usually, it presents channels on the right in the sense of the plot or of the
underlay, made of tightly packed fluff like in plush.
It is available in different thicknesses and qualities.

. Cloth
Flat fabric in wool, sometimes mixed with cotton. The best quality cloth is that of
100% wool. It is a dense and soft-to-the-touch fabric made with wool and hair fibers.
interleaved. Special for bags, coats, women's and men's suits.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN ARTIFICIAL FIBERS
Artificial fibers are the result of the industrial processing of some
substances derived from oil and coal.
. They imitate fabrics made with natural fibers.
. Acetate and nylon fabrics imitate natural silk fabrics. These imitations
they are sometimes so perfect that it becomes difficult to distinguish them at first glance.
For this reason, the brand should be seen on the edge of the fabric when purchasing.
There are fabrics made entirely of a single fiber or made with blends of different ones.
fibers.
When it says Polyester-Wool on the edge, it means that the fabric is a blend of polyester.
and wool. The same when it says Polyester-Cotton or any other blend.
Artificial fiber fabrics wrinkle very little and soften with heat.
Next, we will analyze the main types of synthetic fabrics or artificial fibers.

ACETATE
Its main characteristic is brightness.
Imitan la apariencia de la seda natural, pero es una seda artificial.
The acetate forms good folds and is used in evening dresses and others.
garments where appearance is more important than durability. Acetate is very
sensitive to heat, that is to say, it can easily be burned with the iron.
To wash acetate garments, cold water and mild soap are used, and it is wrung out by making
press with your hands, hang it on a hook and let it dry in the shade.
Iron it while still damp and with the iron barely warm. If you iron it on the right side.
use an ironing cloth.
In commerce, there is a large amount of fabrics made with acetates:
Fabrics for dress linings. Printed fabrics.
Underwear, sleep shirts.
Laces.
To determine if a fabric is silk or acetate, a drop of acetone is applied.
about a small piece of fabric and if it is acetate it immediately tears.
POLYESTER
Fabrics made from this artificial fiber dry quickly and do not shrink.
they stretch.
They should be washed with cold water, mild soap, and rinsed thoroughly so that they do not
they change color.
They should be ironed with a warm iron. The porous surfaces cause the
threads get tangled and easily form lint.

ACRYLICS
These fabrics do not shrink, they should be washed with mild soap, with cold or warm water, not
They should be twisted instead of wrung out, drying should be done in the shade. They should be ironed.
with the iron slightly warm and with a cloth so it doesn't shine or leave marks
ironing on them.

RAYON
It imitates fabrics made of cotton and linen.
This fiber absorbs water, wrinkles easily, and withstands hot ironing.
When it is wet, rayon breaks easily. For this reason, it should not be rubbed.
hard, do not twist it when washing it.
You can iron with a hot iron but with a cloth.

Nylon
This fiber dries quickly, does not shrink or stretch, does not wrinkle, can be washed with
cold or hot water, it should be rinsed very well and rarely needs ironing.
It imitates natural silk.
In nylon, the ends form a kind of fluff.
ACETATE
Its main characteristic is brightness.
They mimic the appearance of natural silk, but it is an artificial silk.
Acetate forms good pleats and is used in party dresses and other garments.
where appearance is more important than durability. Acetate is very sensitive to
heat, that is to say it can be easily burned with the iron.
To wash acetate garments, cold water and mild soap are used, then it is drained by
press with your hands, hang it on a hook and let it dry in the shade.
Iron it while still damp and with the iron barely warm. If you are ironing on the right side, use a
ironing cloth
In commerce, there is a large quantity of fabrics made with acetates:
Fabrics for dress linings. Printed fabrics.
Underwear, nightgowns.
Laces.
To determine if a fabric is silk or acetate, a drop of acetone is applied to it.
a small piece of fabric and if it is acetate it breaks immediately.

POLYESTER

Fabrics made from this synthetic fiber dry quickly, do not shrink or
They should be washed with cold water, gentle soap, and rinsed very well to prevent
they change color. They should be ironed with a warm iron. The porous surfaces
they cause the threads to tangle and easily form lint.

ACRYLICS

These fabrics do not shrink, they should be washed with gentle soap, with cold or lukewarm water, not
they must be twisted if not drained, drying must be done in the shade. They must be ironed with the
lightly warm iron and using a cloth so it doesn’t shine or leave marks on the iron
them.

RAYON

It imitates fabrics made of cotton and linen. This fiber absorbs water, wrinkles.
easily, it withstands the hot iron. When wet, rayon breaks with
ease. Therefore, it should not be handled roughly, nor twisted when washing it.

You can iron with a hot iron but with a cloth.

NYLON

This fiber dries quickly, does not shrink or stretch, does not wrinkle, can be washed with
cold or hot water, it should be rinsed very well and rarely needs ironing.

Mimics natural silk.

In the nylon, the ends form a kind of fuzz.