UNIFORM STRAIGHT LINE MOVEMENT

Civil Engineering
By:
University of Sinú, Montería
SUMMARY
In the execution of this practice, a study of uniform linear motion was conducted considering the
respective concepts and the experimental setup. An analysis of the results obtained is intended to be made,
in order to define the different concepts such as: speed, displacement, distance traveled,
time; and also establish the existing relationships between each of them.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Movimiento Uniforme, Posición,Velocidad,

Abstract: In the accomplishment of this practice, the study of uniform rectilinear movement was made.
taking into account the respective concepts and the experimental assembly. It is intended to make an
analysis of the results obtained, in order to be able to define the different concepts such as: speed,
displacement, space traveled, and time; and also to establish the relations existing between each of them.

INTRODUCTION

To begin with, this work proposed and attempted to highlight some of the characteristics of
uniform linear motion, in the same way as they are taken to the experimental part, it should be noted that
este concepto nos permitió saber que todos los casos del mundo físico están en movimiento, desde las más
large galaxies of the universe to the smallest elementary particles within the atom, because in order to
To understand the behavior of objects and control them, we must study their movement and their nature.

RELATED THEORY by equal or uniform motion lit that.

Movement is known as the change of position. in which the spaces covered by a mobile in
of a body with respect to a reference system, equal times, take them as they come, they result
there are movements equal to each other," or, in other words, it is a
All around us, we observe them. constant speed movement.
en nuestra vida cotidiana, de los autos que pasan por The MRU is characterized by:
the road, in the trees that sway in the wind a) Movement carried out in a single
and with a little patience, we see it in the stars direction on the horizontal axis.
at night. One of the simplest movements b) Constant speed; implies magnitude,
to describe but easier to reproduce is that one constant sense and direction.
where the speed is constant, called c) The magnitude of velocity is called
uniform rectilinear motion. The movements of speed. In this movement, it does not present
rectilinear, which follow a straight line, are the (acceleration = 0). [1]
simpler movements. More movements
complicated things can be studied as the
composition of elementary rectilinear movements.
Such is the case, for example, with the movements of
projectiles.
The uniform rectilinear motion (URM) was (1)
defined, for the first time, by Galileo in the terms:

1
 UNIFORM STRAIGHT-LINE MOTION

Where m is the slope of the line, x is the final position, average for each distance, with the averages it was done
x0it is the initial position, t the final time and t0the time the following table:
initial of the movement. (See Graph 1). [3]

t(s) x(cm)
1.46 20
2.32 40
3.63 60
5.44 80
6.64 100
7.35 120
8.25 140
9.36 160
10.78 180
11.8 200
Graph 1. x-t graph.

4. ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS

2. ASSEMBLY AND PROCEDURE
1. create the position graph (X) as a function of time
For the study of uniform rectilinear motion, it What type of graph do you get?
they will take the times it takes for a cart that will be R/Fig.1
delivered to the laboratory in a straight line that will be
divided into equal intervals on the table of
trabajo. El carrito debe estabilizar su velocidad por
it is necessary for it to start its movement about 20 cm
before position zero (0) so that it can be a
uniform motion.

The graph obtained is a curved line, which indicates us

indicates that it is a movement approximately with
constant speed. With equation:
y = 17,245x - 5,5958 , R² = 0,9933
Figura 1. Montaje de laboratorio.

3. RESULTS
2. What relationship exists between the variables (x) and time?
The following are the results obtained in the
laboratory. Five measurements were taken and the There is a directly proportional relationship, due to
that equal spaces are covered in equal times.

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 UNIFORM STRAIGHT LINE MOVEMENT

What physical meaning does the slope of the graph have?

(x) against (t)? What units does it have? Graph the value.
calculated in point 3 as a function of time. Pending for the ninth time interval
We calculate the slope of each time interval.
taking into account the errors made in the measurements is
notable that the value of the slope has slight
variations:

The physical meaning of these slopes is the

Pending for the first time interval. speed of the object in the trajectory and has units
in cm/s. The graph is shown in the following figure:
Fig.2
Pending for the second time interval

Pending for the third time interval.

Pending for the fourth time interval

4. Calculate the area under the curve in the second graph.

What physical meaning does it have? Compare this value with the
Pending for the fifth time interval maximum displacement of the cart.
The area under the curve of the second graph can be
calculate using the definition of integral as shown
continuation. it is known that the value of speed
Pending for the sixth time interval it is constant then: .
Due to the above, it is obtained that the area under the
the curve of graph 2 means the displacement of
body in motion.

Pending for the seventh time interval

= 187.4112 cm

5. Find the slope of the second graph. What

Pending for the eighth time interval What physical meaning does it have?

3
 UNIFORM STRAIGHT LINE MOVEMENT

The slope of the second graph should be zero. An elderly person or walker at speed
but due to errors in taking measurements, it becomes constant.
a linear regression with Excel and gives us: A swimmer in the straight track of
y = 0.161x + 18.16. R² = 0.1917 with m=0.161 which is competencies (if it maintains the speed).
approximately zero. A bullet train as long as it maintains its
This demonstrates that the acceleration in the movement direction and speed (in a straight line).
tends to zero and is almost null. The meaning of this
slope is the acceleration of the cart during the
movement.
CONCLUSIONS
This response was expected since in the class
theoretical was studied only the experimental remained. From this workshop we learned that graphs are
important in the understanding of functions and that
they represent, for example, a graph of x vs t and this
6. Find the equation that relates the variables x and t. proposes that the graph represents the speed and
It is known that the equation of the line shown in the we understand that constant speeds
Graph 2 is y=mx+b, where in this case 'y' is the position. they move in equal spaces in equal times and
(x) of the object, "x" is the time (t), "m" is the slope of we also agreed that the use of
the graph that physically represents the speed of the appropriate materials are essential for the good
movement and "b" would be the intersection with the vertical axis
which in this case is worth zero. The equation that relates
functioning of the experiments and/or practices.
In uniform linear motion, the spaces and
these graphs are the ones of which is also known as the times vary jointly and are proportional among
speed this in general. yes, in itself speed is its constant of
Therefore, it is necessary that x=vt. proportionality, this was guaranteed in the experiment
where it was verified that x = v*t.

7. What possible mistakes were made in the execution? The x vs t graph of uniform rectilinear motion
of the experiment and how I would correct them? It is a line whose slope is the speed of the mobile.
The possible errors made in the experiment are The v vs t graph of uniform rectilinear motion is
they focus on taking the distances of the sensors since a line whose slope is the acceleration of the mobile and is
the human hand and a measuring device were used with zero.
an uncertainty of plus or minus 0.1 cm. The graphs
obtained under these circumstances show us the REFERENCES
errors since the dispersions in the data are evident and the
somewhat dissimilar relationship between the calculations, the graphs and Online teacher, Uniform rectilinear motion.
the phenomenon of rectilinear motion itself. To correct “[Link]
this error it is recommended to take measurements with greater [Link]”
accuracy using a more precise measuring device. (Holliday, Resnick, Walker, Volume 1, sixth edition.
Fundamentals of Physics.
[3] [Link]/conceptos/[Link] (consulted
8. Do you know real situations in which it occurs? August 10, 2010
this type of movement in nature? Paul A. Tipler, Physics for Science and Technology
R/ Yes, for example: fourth edition volume 1. Reverte Publishing
- The laser beam
A car in a straight line and at speed
constant
The bottles in the factories to be
filled. Also the jars in processes
industrial.