NON-INVASIVEANDINVASIVEPROCEDURES

NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURE: Non-invasive Diseases

they usually do not harm or spread to other organs and tissues.
non-invasive procedures do not involve instruments that break the skin or that
they penetrate physically into the body.
For example:
X-ray plates
A computed tomography
Ultrasounds
Magnetic resonance.

INVASIVE PROCEDURE: An invasive procedure is one in

in which the body is "invaded" or penetrated with a needle, a probe, a
device or an endoscope.
These procedures are carried out for:
Placement of intravenous access and/or blood draw
Suture of cutting wound
Lumbar puncture.

VENTAJAS:
They do not cause abrasions on the skin
They do not pose a risk for infections
They are less or almost do not cause pain.
They are fast and do not require hospitalization.
They do not require many medical supplies.
They tend to be less expensive than invasive ones.

DISADVANTAGES:
They are not very effective at the time of diagnosis.
2. A visual assessment of the problem cannot be made.
doctor.
3. Accurate readings or fixed values cannot be made.
normal.
They are usually approximate, not precise data, even to
sometimes they are wrong.
5. The professional often relies on their experience and
decision-making ability.
They do not require informed consent.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURES

INVASIVE

INVASIVE PROCEDURE: NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURE:

RADIOLOGY:
Radiology is the specialty that deals with generating images of
interior of the body through different physical agents, fields
magnetic, etc. and to use these images for diagnosis and to a lesser extent
measurement, for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Also
It is generically referred to as radiodiagnosis or imaging diagnosis.

SKULL X-RAY: A skull X-ray is an image of

the bones that surround the brain, among them, the facial bones, the nose and
the paranasal sinuses.
Way in which the exam is conducted:
1. Inform the doctor if you are pregnant and remove all the
jewels.
You will be asked to lie down on the X-ray table or sit on
a chair. It is possible that they place the head in different
positions.
3. It is necessary for you to remain still as movement
it can cause blurry images.
You may be asked to hold your breath or not to move.
for one or two seconds when the image is being taken.
What it feels like during the exam
Generally, there is little or no discomfort during an X-ray. If there is
a head trauma, the positioning of the head can result
uncomfortable.
Reasons for taking the exam
The doctor may order this exam if you have injured your skull or
has symptoms or signs of a structural problem within it, such as a
tumor or bleeding.
A skull X-ray is also used to evaluate the head of a
child whose shape is unusual.
 Other conditions for which the test can be performed include:
The teeth are not properly aligned (dental occlusion
defective
Infection of the mastoid bone (mastoiditis)
Middle ear infection (chronic otitis media)
Abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear that causes loss
auditory (otosclerosis)
Pituitary tumor
Sinus infection (sinusitis)

Risks:
There is a low exposure to radiation. X-rays are monitored and regulated.
to generate the minimum amount of exposure to radiation necessary to
produce the image. Most experts believe that the risk is
low compared to the benefits obtained. Women in
pregnancy and children are more sensitive to the risks associated with these
rays

X-RAY OF THE ABDOMEN:

It is an imaging exam to observe organs and structures in the abdominal area.

including the spleen, stomach, and intestines.
When this exam is performed to observe the structures of the bladder and the kidney, it
denomination of RUV radiography (kidneys, ureters, and bladder).

Way in which the exam is conducted

The exam is performed in the radiology room of a hospital or in the office.
doctor by a radiology technician.
You lie on your back on the X-ray table.
The X-ray machine is located over your abdominal area.
You hold your breath while the X-ray is taken so that the
image does not come out blurred.
You may be asked to change position to the side or to stand for
take additional x-rays.

Preparation for the exam

Before they take the X-ray, tell the doctor the following:
If you are pregnant or think you might be.
If you have an IUD (intrauterine device) inserted.
If you have had X-rays with barium contrast in the last 4.
days.
If you have taken any medication like Pepto Bismol during the last 4 days.
previous (this type of medication may interfere with the exam).
During the procedure, you will be wearing a hospital gown and should
remove all jewelry. You must also sign an authorization.
What it feels like during the exam
There is no discomfort. The X-rays are taken while you are lying on your back.
up, sideways or standing.
Reasons for taking the exam
Diagnosing abdominal pain or unexplained nausea.
Identify suspected problems in the urinary tract such as a kidney stone.
Identify a blockage in the intestine.
Locate an object that has been swallowed.
Normal values
X-rays show normal structures for each person according to their age.

Risks
There is a low exposure to radiation. X-ray equipment is monitored and regulated.
to generate the minimum amount of radiation exposure necessary to produce the
image. Most experts consider that the risk is low compared to the
benefits obtained.
Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks posed by the
X-rays. Women should inform the doctor if they are or may be
pregnant women.

NECK X-RAY
A neck X-ray is an imaging exam to examine the vertebrae.
cervical vertebrae, which are the seven bones of the spine located in the neck.

The way the exam is conducted:

This exam is performed in the radiology room. It can also be done in the
doctor's office by an X-ray technician.
He/She will lie on the X-ray table.
You will be asked to change positions so that more images can be taken.
Normally, two to seven different images may be needed.

What it feels like during the exam

When the X-rays are taken, there is no discomfort. If the X-rays are taken
to check for an injury, there may be discomfort as it is located
the neck. Care will be taken to prevent further injury.

Reasons why the exam is conducted

X-rays are used to evaluate injuries and numbness, pain, or weakness of the...
necks that do not disappear. A neck X-ray can also be used to
help to see if the airways are blocked due to inflammation in the neck or
something stuck in the airway.
Other tests, such as an MRI, can be used to look for
problems in the discs or the nerves.

A neck X-ray can detect:

 A bone joint that is out of its position (dislocation)
Inhalation of a foreign object
Broken bone (fracture)
Disc problems (the discs are the cushioning tissue that separates the)
vertebrae
Infection that causes swelling of the vocal cords (croup)

Risks
There is a low exposure to radiation. X-rays are monitored so that they
use the lowest amount of radiation to produce the image.

Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks of X-rays.

CHEST X-RAY
It is a chest X-ray, the lungs, the heart, the large arteries,
ribs and the diaphragm.

Preparation for the exam

Inform the doctor if you are pregnant.
Chest X-rays are typically not done during the first six.
months of pregnancy.
Method of conducting the exam
You stand in front of the X-ray machine. You will be asked to hold your breath.
breathing when taking the X-ray.
Usually, two images are taken.
You will have to stand first facing the machine and then sideways.

What it feels like during the exam

There is no discomfort, although the film plate may feel cold.

Reasons for taking the exam

The doctor may order a chest X-ray if you have any of the
following symptoms:

Persistent cough
Chest pain due to an injury to the chest (with possible rib fracture or
pulmonary complication) or due to heart problems.
Coughing up blood.
Difficulty breathing
It can also be done if there are signs of tuberculosis, lung cancer or
any other lung or chest disease.

Meaning of abnormal results

Abnormal results can be due to many conditions, including:

In the lungs:
Pulmonary atelectasis
Pleural effusion
Pulmonary tumor (cancerous or non-cancerous)
Malformation of blood vessels
Pneumonia
Healing of lung tissue
Tuberculosis

In the heart:
Problems with the size and shape of the heart
Problems with the position and shape of the major arteries

In the bones:
Fracture or other problems of the ribs and spine
Osteoporosis
Risks
There is low exposure to radiation. X-rays are monitored and regulated to provide
the minimum amount of radiation exposure needed to produce an image. The
most experts agree that the benefits outweigh the risks. Women
pregnant women and children are the most sensitive to the risks of exposure to rays
X.

X-RAYS OF THE EXTREMITIES

An X-ray of a limb is an image of the hands, the wrist, the feet, the
ankle, the leg, the forearm, the humerus or upper arm, the hip, the
shoulder or any of these areas. The term 'extremity' often refers to a
human limb (arms or legs or parts of these).

X-rays are a form of radiation that penetrate the body to create an image.
about a movie. The dense structures (like bones) will appear
whites, the air will appear black and other structures will appear in shades of gray.

Method in which the exam is conducted:

El examen lo lleva a cabo un técnico en rayos X en una sala de radiología de un
hospital or in the medical office.
It will be necessary for you to remain still while the X-ray is taken. You
You can ask him to change positions so that more can be taken.
X-rays.

Preparation for the exam:

Tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant.
 It is necessary to remove all jewelry from the area where the will be taken.
X-ray.
What it feels like during the exam:
In general, there is no discomfort.
You may feel a slight discomfort while your leg or arm is being positioned.
for the X-ray.

Reasons for taking the exam:

Su proveedor de atención médica puede ordenar este examen si usted tiene signos de
fracture, tumor or degenerative condition.

Normal results:
The X-ray shows normal structures for the person's age.

Meaning of abnormal results:

Abnormal results may be due to:

Bone diseases that worsen over time (degenerative)

Bone tumor
Broken bone (fracture)
Dislocated bone
Osteomyelitis

Other conditions for which the exam can be performed are:

I am sick
Detect strange objects in the body
Risks
The exposure to radiation is low.
X-rays are controlled and regulated to provide the smallest amount of
exposure to the radiation needed to create the image.
Most experts agree that the risk is low compared to the
benefits.

Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks posed by the
X-rays.

PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY

Radiographic exams are fundamentally the same, with

independence from the patient's age.
Consequently, when they are modified
judiciously, most techniques can be applied to children and to the
infants.
As is natural, there are some important differences.
 Protection against unnecessary radiation is of special importance.
There are some fundamental differences in the radiological parameters, such as the
utility
limited chest radiographs with high Kv.
For the technician, however, the most obvious difference is that many
patients are too young or too scared to cooperate with him
exam.
Most of the radiological procedures required in children are not
painful, however, small children often resist such exams,
because they have learned that medical procedures often harm them.
Their fear increases if they are separated from their parents and also when they see the
large X-ray machines.
Most children are reasonably adaptable when they are
treat properly. This takes time, but generally less than needed
for
to obtain a good exam from a scared and uncooperative child.