WAIS Adult Intelligence Scale Manual
WAIS Adult Intelligence Scale Manual
SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY
MANUAL (#)
MartaHermosillaValencia
P
Index........................................................................................................................................
1
Introducción............................................................................................................................... 2
The concept of global intelligence by Wechsler. 2
The concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ)... 3
Test description 3
Instructions to obtain raw scores, standard, IQ calculation and
of the Efficiency Coefficient...................................................................................................... 4
Classification of intelligence.................................................................................................. 6
Instructions for administering the test
1. Information subtest................................................................................... 8
2. Comprehension Subtest.................................................................................. 10
3. Arithmetic Subtest..................................................................................... 10
4. Similarities Subtest................................................................................... 12
5. Digit Subtest.......................................................................................... 13
6. Vocabulary Subtest.............................................................. 14
7. Subtest of Symbols....................................................................................... 16
8. Completion Subtest............................................................................... 17
9. Block Design Subtest................................................................................... 18
10. Sorting Subtest................................................................................... 21
11. Assembly Subtest................................................................................... 24
Correction criteria and examples
1. Vocabulary Subtest.................................................................................. 26
2. Comprehension Subtest................................................................................ 34
3. Subtest of Similarities................................................................................... 39
List of presidents of Chile since 1900................................................................................. 42
Bibliography............................................................................................................................... 43
Conversion table from raw scores to standard scores.................................................... 44
Conversion table of standard scores to IQ
16 – 17 años................................................................................................................. 45 - 46
18 – 19 años.................................................................................................................. 47 - 48
20 – 24 años...................................................................................................................49 - 50
25 – 34 años...................................................................................................................51 - 52
35 – 44 años...................................................................................................................53 - 54
45 – 54 años...................................................................................................................55 - 56
55 - 64 years...................................................................................................................57 - 58
65 - 69 years...................................................................................................................59 - 60
70 - 74 years...................................................................................................................61 - 62
75 - y más .................................................................................................................... 63 - 64
1
THE WECHSLERADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE
WAIS
Introduction
The original scale, called 'Wechsler-Bellevue' was built and developed by David Wechsler in
1939. It had two versions: forms I and II. In 1949, Wechsler adapted form II, which gave as
result of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). In 1955, Wechsler conducted a
review of Form I, which eliminates the existing overlap between the WISC and Form I. This new
instrument, intended for measuring adult intelligence, within a global approach of the
intelligence, is the 'Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)'. In January 1981, Wechsler gave
ending the standardization of this revised scale, in order to update this instrument, and
[Link]-R.
Wechsler'sconceptofglobalintelligence
Intelligence is multifaceted and multidetermined, and there are different types of intelligent behaviors that
they require different degrees of intellectual capacity; intelligence is not always adaptive, but it is
always implies a degree of global competence that somehow enables human beings
to understand the world and effectively deal with the challenges it presents: intelligence is
a function of personality as a whole and non-cognitive factors are also measured by the
intelligencetests.
The concept of IQ
The first to use the term Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was W. Stern in 1912 as a method
to compare a child's score on the Binet Intelligence Scale with the performance of a group
of children of the same age. The WAIS uses a similar method to measure adult intelligence. The
2
The WAIS CI defines a level of intelligence by comparing the performance of a subject of any age.
with the average scores obtained by subjects of the same age group.
Therefore, IQ can be defined as a ratio between the performance achieved by a subject and the
expected, which is the average achieved in standardization or adaptation, by age group:
Thus, IQ has the same basic meaning regardless of the subject's age. An IQ of 120 obtained
for a 65-year-old person and for a 22-year-old one, it reflects the same relative position with respect to people
of their same age group. But in another sense, identical IQs do not have the same meaning as
different ages, as the average scores change with age, decreasing; therefore, it
requires a higher level of skill, in absolute terms, to obtain an IQ of 120 at age 25 than
at 65.
The conversion of raw scores to standard scores is based on the group's performance.
age group of 25 - 34 years, called 'reference group', both in American standardization and
intheChileanadaptation.
Therefore, it is possible to obtain a score of the subject's efficiency by comparing their performance with
the reference group, in standard [Link] score is called Efficiency Coefficient.
Test description
The WAIS is an individual test that consists of two scales: verbal and manual, which are divided into the
following sub-tests:
Manual Scale
Symbols 90 lockers 90
Completion 21 questions 21
Cubes 10 drawings 48
Ordering 8 comic strips 36
Assembly 4figures 44
3
Application of the test. It is customary to administer the 11 subtests in the same order as detailed further.
above. The time it takes for the application depends on the capacity and personality of the examined.
It can be administered in one or two sessions, depending on the skill and practice of the examiner.
Suspension criteria. There is a suspension criterion detailed in the Instructions for the
administration of the test, for all subtests except for Completion andAssembly.
In the cube test, when the failures occur because the subject is unable to execute the figure within.
of the time limit, but it does so correctly, it is recommended to continue administering the subtest, since
providesvaluableinformationaboutthefunctioningofthesubject.
Information logging. There is a Protocol for recording responses. It is recommended to note them in it.
rigorously
The time it takes to respond, in all subtests that have a time limit, even though the
subject does it well within the allowed time.
The subject's answers 'ad verbatim', no matter how long they may be.
The comments, exclamations, gestures and any other data perceived by the examiner.
- Indicate with a mark (I) when the examiner has questioned the subject, before the answer
additionalandevenifthereisn'tany.
Instructions for obtaining raw scores, standard scores, IQ, and Efficiency Coefficient
Raw scores: Raw scores are obtained by summing the points assigned to each item of each
subtest. A raw score is obtained for each subtest.
NOTE: It is necessary to carefully check the sum of points; as well as to verify that it has been
given the corresponding points in the subtests of Information, Comprehension, Arithmetic and
Vocabulary, where one generally does not start with the first items.
Standard scores: The raw scores (noted on the first page of the Protocol) are converted into
standard scores, using the Conversion Table from raw scores to standard scores that
It appears on the last page of the Protocol and on page No. 44 of this Manual.
These standard scores are based on the reference group and should be used for ALL
subjects, whatever their age.
To obtain the standard score, locate the raw score of each test, and read the value that appears at
margin (the same score appears on both margins for easier reference).
Place the standard score next to the gross score in the corresponding box on the first page of the
Protocol.
Sum of standard scores: Once you have done the above, ADD the standard scores separately in
each of the scales (Verbal and Manual): that is, sum the scores of the 6 verbal subtests, and sum
separately the standard scores of the 5 manual tests. From this process, you will then obtain two
scores: the verbal score and the manual score, which must also be noted in the Protocol, first
leaf.
NOTE: The score tables are based on 6 verbal subtests and 5 manual subtests.
Proration: Sometimes the examiner does not administer all the subtests or one is invalidated.
during the administration. In those cases, it is necessary to prorate the scores, in order to
estimate the IQ.
4
The scores of the Verbal Scale and the Manual Scale must be prorated separately. It can NEVER be
allocate the total score pro rata.
Subsequently, the two scores are added to obtain the total score, in this case 69 + 55 = 124.
CalculationofIQ(IntelligenceQuotient)
The WAIS test provides 3 IQ scores for each subject:
CI verbal
CImanual
Total CI
To obtain the corresponding CI for each subject, it is necessary to know the exact age of the subject.
(it is recommended to record the date of birth and the date of testing in the protocol and to make
IN EACH CASE the calculation, without relying on the verbal report that the subject makes of their age).
Locate in the Index, the Conversion Tables from Standard Score to IQ, locating the table that provides you
corresponds to the age group of the subject for the Verbal Scales and Manual Scale, and read directly the
IQ that corresponds to the Verbal score (verbal IQ) and the IQ that corresponds to the Manual Score (manual IQ)
manual).Onthenextpage,theconversionofthetotalscoreintototalIQappears
Efficiency Coefficient: When a subject does not belong to the reference group (25-34 years old), it is
Interesting to obtain the Efficiency [Link] do this, proceed as follows:
Look for the IQ corresponding to the total score of the subject in the IQ total table corresponding to the group.
of reference (25-34 years). That is the efficiency coefficient of the subject.
For example, a 76-year-old individual scores a total of 110 points, which means he has an IQ of 125, or
superior intelligence, according to the table corresponding to their age group. Their coefficient of
efficiency will be 100 (looking at the table corresponding to the 25-34 age group, with a total score of 110
corresponds to a CI of 100) .
5
ClassificationofIntelligenceaccordingtoWechsler
This classification has a normal distribution (Gaussian curve), with an average of 100 and deviation
standard of 15.
ClassificationofMentalRetardationaccordingtotheA.A.M.D.(AmericanAssociationonMentalDeficiency)
6
INSTRUCTIONS FOR MANAGEMENT
THE WAIS
7
INSTRUCTIONS FOR ADMINISTERING THE WAIS
1. INFORMATION
Instructions: start with item 5 and award 4 points for items 1 to 4 if the subject answers correctly.
both item 5 and 6. If you fail in either of them, go through items 1 to 4 before proceeding with
item 7.
Read each question as it appears in this manual. If the answer to any question is not available
If it is incomplete or unclear, the examiner can say:
Explain to me what it means
Tell me something more,
But without asking questions that could help provide the answer. It should not spell words either. No
rephrase any question. If the subject did not hear well, the question can be repeated, without
modifyyourwording.
Record, verbatim, the responses of the subject to each question. Also note the comments that
do.
Correction: 1 point for each correct answer. Below are the essential elements for
to consider an answer correct. When there are several acceptable answers (they appear separated by)
points) it is enough for the subject to answer one to grant the score.
Maximumscore:29points.
8
[Link] is the capital of Italy? Rome
9
2. COMPREHENSION
Instructions: Start with item 3. Read each question to the examinee carefully. If the subject
If you fail in any of items 3, or 4, or 5, complete items 1 and 2 before proceeding to item 6.
For some subjects, it is difficult to remember the entire question; in those cases, it can be repeated, but without
do not alter or abbreviate it. It is also recommended to repeat the question if the subject does not provide an answer.
after 10 or 15 seconds.
Ifasubjecthesitates,encouragethembysaying:
Yes or Go ahead.
If an answer is vague or unclear, you can tell them:
Please explain more
Correction criterion: Each answer scores 2, 1, or 0. (See also page 34 where the ...
correction criteria and examples of answers.
Maximumscore:28points.
Questions:
1. Why do we wash clothes?
2. Why does the train have a locomotive?
________
[Link] should you do if you find a sealed envelope on the street with an address and unused stamp?
What does this saying mean: Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today?
5. Why should we stay away from bad company?
6. What should you do if you are in the theater watching a movie and you are the first to see fire and
smoke?
7. Why is land worth more in the city than in the countryside?
8. Why should people pay taxes?
9. If you got lost in a forest during the day, what would you do to get out?
Whatdoesthissayingmean:'Hewhotalksalotmakesmorenoisethansubstance'?
[Link] is a birth certificate required for marriage?
12. Why do people who are born deaf generally remain without speech?
13. Why are laws on child labor necessary?
[Link]:'Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer'?
3. ARITHMETIC
Materials: 7 cubes, with two red sides, two white sides, and two sides half white and half red.
Instructions:Startbysaying:
Let's see this
Don't say it's about arithmetic problems. Some people have a negative attitude or
defeatist regarding their ability to solve arithmetic problems, so saying it could
adversely affect its execution.
10
Start with item 3. If you fail in items 3 and 4 (in both), go back to items 1 and 2. If you fail
In 1 and 2, fail the test, but if you succeed in any of them, proceed to item 5.
Every problem has a time limit. Start timing immediately after
finish reading the problem. The question can be repeated ONCE, if the subject asks for it, or if it is
It is evident that he/she has not understood; however, time is counted from the moment it was finished.
toreadthequestionforthefirsttime.
Theuseofpencilandpaperisnotallowed.
Note the time taken for each response in the Protocol.
Score: 1 point for each correct answer. Items 11 to 14 receive an additional point for
quick responses. Subjects who did not pass items 1 and 2 are awarded 2 points. It is considered
a correct answer, if the number is correct, even if units of measurement are not indicated (pesos,
centimeters, hours, etc.).
Points are also given when the subject self-corrects spontaneously within the time limit.
Maximumscore:18points.
Time
Maximum Response
Problems
1. Place the 7 cubes with one red side facing up, in
groupsof3and4,likethis:mmmmmmmwitha
approximate distance of 1 cm. between the two groups.
ThenIasked:
How many cubes are there here? 15 inches 7
(Save the cubes before continuing)
If you have 3 books and give one away, how many do you have left? 15" 2
___________________
11
Aman bought second-hand furniture for both.
third parties of the value they had when new. Paid
$40,000 for them. How much do the new furniture cost? 60 seconds 60,000
A worker earns $60 per hour, after a 15% deduction
by social laws How much will he/she receive per hour? 60” 51#
14. 8 men finish a job in 6 days, how many
men will be needed to finish the work on
midday? 120 inches 96#
Score
Item 1 2
11 11 – 60'' 1 – 10''
12 11 - 60'' 1 - 10''
13 16 – 60 inches 1 – 15''
14 21 – 120'' 1 - 20''
4. SIMILARITIES
Instructions:[Link]:
What do an axe and a saw have in common?
If the subject answers that they are tools and are used for cutting, say:
Good
andcontinuewithitem2.
If the subject gives a one-point response, for example, 'that are used for cutting', say:
Yes, of course, they are used for cutting. Both are tools.
And proceed with item 2. If the subject does not answer item 1, or gives a response of 0 points, say to them:
Both are tools, they are used for cutting.
And then continue with item 2. Both item 2 and all the following ones must be presented in the same way.
the way that one, that is to say:
What is the similarity between a jacket and a dress?
Do not provide help either here or in the following ones. However, if an answer is unclear or ambiguous,
can say:
Tell me something more, or "Could you explain it more to me?"
oranyneutralphrase.
Scoring: Each item is scored 2, 1, or 0. Please refer to page No. 39 for the scoring criteria and see
the examples.
Maximumscore:26points.
12
Items
1. Hacha - Sierra
2. Chaqueta – Vestido
3. Orange - Banana
4. Perro - León
[Link]-Semilla
North - West
7. Eye - Ear
[Link]-Water
[Link]–Chair
10. Poetry - Statue
11. Praise - Punishment
12. Wood - Alcohol
13. Fly - Tree
5. DIGIT RETENTION
This subtest consists of two parts, which are administered separately:
Retention of digits in the same order
2) Retention of digits in reverse order.
Administer Digits in reverse order, even if the subject scores 0 points in Digits.
order.
Suspension criterion: If the subject fails in two groups of the same series.
Score: The score is equal to the number of digits in the longest error-free repeated series, whether in the
[Link]
13
The serial numbers indicate the number of digits for each of the items.
Instructions:Startbysaying:
Now I am going to tell you more numbers, but this time, when I finish, I want you to say them back to me.
back to forward. For example, if I say 7 - 1 - 9, what would you say?
If the subject answers correctly (9 - 1 - 7), tell them:
Well, here are some more.
And proceed with Group I of series 3. Just like in Digits in the same order, say the numbers to
one reason per second.
If the subject fails, tell him:
No, you should say 9 - 1 - 7. I'm going to tell you some other numbers. Remember that you have to say them in
backwards to forwards: 3 – 4 – 8
If the subject is successful now, proceed with Group I of series 3; but if he fails in the second
example, continue with Group I of series 2.
Score: The number of digits of the longest repeated series without error in reverse order, in
any of the two groups. Maximum score 8.
Total score for the Digit Span subtest: The sum of the scores obtained in the two
parts (digits in the same order plus digits in reverse order). Maximum score obtained: 17
6. VOCABULARY
Instructions: Place the list of words in front of the subject and say:
I would like you to tell me the meaning of some words. Let's start with.....what does.....mean?
Start with word 1, with those subjects that seem to be well below capacity.
average verbal score. For all other subjects, start with item 4 (fabric) and give them 6 points for the
items 1 to 3 if the subject gives answers of at least one point in items 4 to 8.
14
If in any of items 4 to 8, the subject gives a response of 0 points, immediately present them.
items 1, 2, and 3 and score them according to their responses. For example, if the subject gives a response of
0 points for item 6, administer items 1, 2, and 3 and then proceed with items 7, 8, and 9 and
successively, until the subject fails in 5 words consecutively.
When pronouncing the word, point it out in the list, use this same method of presentation for all the
palabras – pronúncielas y muéstrelas en la lista.
With more intelligent subjects, the question and indicating the word on the list can be omitted afterwards.
manage 3 items; just say the word. Make sure to pronounce it well, clearly. Ensure yourself
alsothatthesubjecthaslocatedthewordinthelist.
[Link],say:
Tell me something more
or another equally neutral question. Do not use any other type of questions. It is allowed to ask this same one.
ask when the answer is very vague or unclear, or when the examiner thinks that the answer
from 0 or 1 point allows us to assume that the subject could provide a better response. (In cases where the
the subject gives a response that clearly scores 0 points or 1 point, it should not be questioned.
All meanings accepted by dictionaries are accepted, qualifying them according to quality.
fromthedefinition.
Record verbatim the answers to each of the words.
Scoring: Each item is scored 2, 1, or 0. See page 26 where the criteria appear.
scoring and examples of responses.
Maximumscore:80points.
List of words
Bed Peaceful
2. Winter [Link]
3. Breakfast 23. Incomparable
___________
Gather
4. Fabric [Link] prevent
Enormous 26. Cave
Dollar [Link]
Slice 28. Osado
8. Boat 29. Impale
9. Repair 30. Cavilar
10. Hide Calamity
11. Hurry up Obstruct
12. Domestic 33. Obelisk
13. Finalize 34. Parody
Compassion Reluctant
15. Regular Plagiar
Consume [Link]
17. Fortress 38. Perimeter
18. Remorse Ominous
19. Sentence 40. Diatribe
20. Start
15
7. SYMBOLS
Materials: Special answer sheet, which appears in the response protocol. A black lead pencil.
No. 2, with a good tip. Be careful that the protocol is placed on a smooth surface.
Instructions: Place the answer sheet of the subtest in front of the subject, showing them the boxes.
superiors where each number appears with a symbol, say:
Look at these lockers. Notice that each of them has a number on the top and
[Link].
Indicatenumberoneanditsbrand,numbertwoanditsbrand.
Now look here. The upper lockers have numbers, but the lower lockers do not.
brands.
Show the examples.
You must place the corresponding mark in each of the boxes, like this.
Mark the first trial boxes:
Here is a 2, you should put this mark.
Thesampleabove,[Link]:
Here is a one, you should put this mark.
Andwiththefollowing:
There is a three here, you must put this mark.
After completing the first three, pass a pencil to the subject, and tell them:
“Now do these numbers until you reach the line.”
Indicate the line. If the subject makes a mistake in these examples, correct it immediately, showing them how.
new the key. If necessary, continue assisting him until he has completed the 7 examples. No
Proceed with the test unless the subject has clearly understood the task.
While the subject is doing the examples, check if the subject is left-handed and was covering the Key while filling it out.
the examples. If this happens, take another protocol, fold it and put it on the right side of the subject, to the
same height as the protocol that is being filled. Have the subject use the Key of the 2nd protocol to
complete the examples, and to do the subtest.
When the subject has completed the examples well, tell them:
Now, when I tell you, start here (pointing) and fill in as many boxes as you can, without
do not skip any. Keep working until I notify you.
Pointatthefirstlinewithyourfingerandfollowthemovementtothesecond:
When you finish that line, continue on the other one. Ready?
Start
You start keeping time simultaneously. If the subject skips an item or begins to do so,
for example, all the ones first, tell him:
Do them in order. Don't skip any.
Pointoutthefirstomitteditemandsay:
“Now do this one.”
Do not provide further help, except, if necessary, to tell the subject to continue until told to stop.
stop.
Attheendofthe90seconds,say:
Buddy.
Time must be measured accurately in this test.
16
Score: 1 point for each correctly done box. Give half a point for inverted symbols. Not given.
score for the 10 examples.
Maximumscore:90points.
8. COMPLETION OF TABLES
Instructions: Start with card No. 1 and go through all the items of the subtest. Before
start,say:
I am going to show you some paintings that are missing an important part. Observe each painting and
Tellmewhatismissing.
Show him the first card, and say:
Now observe this picture. What important part is missing?
If the subject gives the correct answer (tail), continue with the following cards, saying in each case:
What is missing from this painting?
This question can be omitted, or shortened ("What about this one?"), when the subject has already understood the
task.
If the subject fails on card number 1, say:
Look, you are missing your tail.
Point to it with your finger. If the subject fails on item 2, say:
You see, this girl is missing her nose.
Indicate it, from there onwards (that is from card 3), do not provide further help.
Sometimes, the subject mentions a missing part that is not essential. The FIRST TIME this happens
(on any of the cards, starting from the 3rd inclusive), it is allowed to say:
Yes, but what is the most important part that is missing?
This comment should not be repeated on the rest of the cards.
A maximum exposure of 20 seconds is allowed for each card. If the subject does not indicate the part that
absence in that period, whether by naming it or pointing it out, the item is marked as a failure, and the
next card. If the subject gives an incorrect answer, the next card is presented even if not
Twenty seconds have passed.
Score: 1 point for each correct answer. The subject is not required to give the exact name of the
missing part, it is enough that it refers to the correct element. If the subject gives a verbal response
not very clear, ask him/her:
Show me where.
Sometimes the subjects do not give verbal answers, but rather point to a place on the canvas. Score the item.
how correct if you are sure that the subject showed the correct part. However, if the subject
shows the correct part, but gives an incorrect verbal answer, consider it a failure.
17
Maximumscore:21points.
Items
Pig Soda
2. Girl Nose
3. Door Manila
4. Man with glasses Center of the glasses frame
5. Automobile Manila
Light bulb Thread. Base thread
7. Jaiva foot
Deck Diamond. Rhombus. Carrot
9. Violin Plug
10. Flag StarPoint
11. Boat Chimney Canyon
12. Jar Water that falls
13. Boat Bearing
Horse Stirrup
15. Man Finger
16. Mirror Reflection of the arm in the mirror
17. Sun Shadow of the man
18. Man and dog Dog footprint
19. Girl Eyebrow
20. Map Chiloé(island,archipelago)
Woodpile Snow on the woodpile
9. CUBES
Instructions: The subject directly copies from a model constructed by the examiner for the drawing.
1, and of the cards for the drawings from 2 to 10.
It is important for the examiner to ensure that the cards are presented in the correct orientation. When
the cards are bound together by a spiral, the side opposite the spiral should be facing the subject.
When building models 1 and 2, make sure that the drawing is in front of the subject in the same position as
the card would be there. So that the subject does not look to the sides instead of the top part of the model,
build it in such a way that it forces him to look at the top. Once the instructions have been given,
the model (models 1 and 2) should be positioned directly in front of the subject, in front of him, leaving space for
make the own. If the subject is right-handed, the model is placed a little to the left; if it is left-handed, a little
to the right. The examiner must ensure that the participant is sitting properly at the table.
When placing the cubes on the table for the subject to use, it is necessary to be careful that there is a
variety of surfaces facing up and only 1 of the 4 cubes has the white/red side facing up, and
only 3 when the 9 cubes are used.
18
The time limit for each drawing is stated in the protocol. The time starts being taken when it is said.
last word of the instructions. For drawings 1 and 2, the time is taken again,
When is the second rehearsal? Record the exact time it takes for each drawing.
It is considered a failure if the drawing made by the subject does not match the model, or if it is completed outside.
of the time limit. In drawings 1 and 2, if the time (1 minute) runs out in the first trial without the
if the subject has completed the task, stop him, and have him try the second essay.
The investment of the drawing is considered a failure. The first time the subject invests in a figure, correct it,
rotating the cubes to the correct position, and tell him:
You see, in this sense.
This is done only once during the test. If the rotation (inversion) happens for the first time in the
first trial of drawings 1 and 2, correct it, shuffle the cubes and ask the subject to do it again
design. If it persists in its version, 2 points are awarded. If the first rotation happened in the second test of
rate it as a failure in figures 1 or 2, or in any of the following drawings.
Drawing No. 2. Shuffle the subject's cubes. Remove the cubes that served as a model for the drawing
Number 1 and place card number 2. Say:
This time we are going to join the cubes to form a drawing like this one.
Point to card No. 2.
Observe me first.
Build the design slowly, using the subject's cubes and when you are done, say:
“See? The design of these cubes is the same as the card.”
Scramble the cubes used in the demonstration and say:
Now look at the drawing and make one the same with these cubes. Start and let me know when you have.
finished.
Start recording the time.
19
Items
1. Hacha - Sierra
2. Chaqueta – Vestido
3. Orange - Banana
4. Perro - León
[Link]-Semilla
North - West
7. Eye - Ear
[Link]-Water
[Link]–Chair
10. Poetry - Statue
11. Praise - Punishment
12. Wood - Alcohol
13. Fly - Tree
5. DIGIT RETENTION
This subtest consists of two parts, which are administered separately:
Retention of digits in the same order
2) Retention of digits in reverse order.
Administer Digits in reverse order, even if the subject scores 0 points in Digits.
order.
Suspension criterion: If the subject fails in two groups of the same series.
Score: The score is equal to the number of digits in the longest error-free repeated series, whether in the
[Link]
13
Record the time the subject takes for each drawing. Drawings 1 to 10 have a bonus for
quick execution.
Suspension criterion: after 3 consecutive failures. The failure in both trials of the drawings.
1 or 2 is considered a failure.
Scoring: points are given to drawings that are perfectly well done within the time limits. Not
gives partial scores for partially correct or completed solutions after time.
Maximumscore:48points.
Instructions: For each item, the subject is presented with a shuffled set of cards and is asked to arrange them.
arranged so that they tell a plausible story. The numbers printed on the back of the cards.
They indicate the order in which the examiner should lay out the cards, from left to right of the subject.
The printed letters (also on the back) allow for correcting each item.
The order in which the subject arranges each story must be recorded in the protocol. Also note the
time.
The time limits for each item appear in the box on the following page.
It should start timing each item as soon as the last word of the
instructions.
Timing is stopped as soon as the subject indicates that they have finished, or, if they forget to do so,
when it is clear that it has finished.
21
Item 1. Place the three cards in order of number in front of the subject, with the card marked "1" facing...
[Link]:
These cards tell a story about a bird that is building its nest; but they are wrong
[Link] them properly so that they form the story.
Start timing. If the subject arranges them correctly within the time limit, proceed with the
item 2.
If the subject does not arrange them correctly, collect the cards and place them in the correct order.
(fromlefttorightofthesubject),whiletellinghim:
The order of the cards should be like this... First, the bird is building the nest, the next
shows the eggs that the bird has laid, and the last shows the bird feeding its chicks.
Pick up the cards and place them back in their original numerical order (1, 2, 3), and say:
Now put them in the correct order.
Start timing and give 60 seconds. Proceed to item 2, even if the subject fails in the
two attempts of item 1.
Items 3 to 8. In these items, only one attempt is allowed. If the subject orders incorrectly, they will not be given.
anydemonstration(evenifrequested).
For each of these items, present the cards in the indicated order on the back, saying each time:
Now sort these. Put them in the correct order and let me know when you are finished.
NOTE: occasionally, some subjects start ordering the cards from right to left (the
more common for it to be done from left to right in the same direction as the writing). When this
happen, note it in the protocol and say:
Where does the story begin?
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Suspension criterion: it is suspended if the subject fails in both attempts of item 1 and in both of the
item 2 together. Otherwise, all items are passed.
Score: items 1 and 2: 4 points in the first essay, 2 points in the second. Items 3 to 8, 4 points if
it is arranged correctly within the time limit. Items 7 and 8 receive a bonus for execution
quick.
Both the correct ordering (indicated by the LETTERS on the back of the cards) and the times
thelimitsandthebonusscoresappearinthefollowingtable:
It is advisable to ask for the history when the subject gives the ABCD ordering that corresponds to
a reality in Chile, and give the score if the subject narrates it coherently.
Maximumscore:36points.
Instructions: start with item 1. Go through all the items. Each item has a time limit that appears.
both in the protocol and in these instructions. It is necessary to start timing each item in the
moment to finish giving verbal instructions. It is important to record the exact time that the
The subject takes into account assembling each item, as a bonus is given for quick execution.
23
Many times the examiner prefers not to stop the subject when the time limit is reached and he
keep trying, for reasons of motivation and rapport. In these cases, it is important that the examiner
register which pieces are placed correctly when the time limit expires, as it is granted
score for partial arrangements.
If the subject turns a piece over, put it back properly, subtly, without saying anything.
sense of placing the back upwards
Make sure that the subject does not see the drawing of the objects.
1. Dummy. Place the dummy pieces in the order of presentation, covering what it does with a
pantalla(puedeusarestemanualcomopantalla).Enseguidaretirelapantallaydiga:
If you put these pieces together correctly, they will form something. Put them together as quickly as you can and let me know.
when you have finished.
Start the timer. The time limit is 120 seconds.
2. Profile. Arrange the pieces behind the screen, according to the order indicated in the diagram. Immediately
showthearrangement,andsay:
Put these together as quickly as you can. Let me know when you are done.
Start the [Link] limit 120"
3. [Link] the pieces behind the screen according to the diagram. Show it and say:
Combine these as quickly as you can.
Start timing. Time limit 180".
In each of the items of this test, stop timing when the subject has finished.
obviously,evenifhedoesnotwarn.
Scoring: one point for each correct juxtaposition made within the time limit (accepted
small deviations, such as displacements of no more than 6 mm). The juxtaposition that
calculating, they appear with x in the diagrams. Give points to correct juxtapositions, even if they are
separated from the rest of the pieces: for example, if the two pieces of the ear of the profile fit well, give it
a point even if they are not in the head. (If they were in their correct position within the head,
they would have 3 points.
Deadline
Mannequin 5 points 120 inches
Profile 9 points 120 inches
Hand 7 points 180 inches
Elephant 8 points 180 inches
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Bonuses are only awarded for perfect executions.
Thescoresandbonusesareasfollows:
It is important to know well which juxtapositions have scores in order to record the score.
corresponding to partial arrangements, at the time the deadline is met (since any
fix made after that period, does not receive points.
Maximumscore:44points.
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CORRECTION CRITERIAAND EXAMPLES OF RESPONSES FOR THE TESTS OF
VOCABULARY, COMPREHENSION AND SIMILARITIES.
VOCABULARY.
Generalprinciplesofpunctuation.
These principles must be taken into account at all times; the given examples are not exhaustive.
response possibilities.
2 points
A good synonym ('peaceful means serene', 'ominous means threatening')
A primary use ('the bed is what we sleep on')
One or more essential or determining traits of objects ('a sanctuary is a sacred place').
4. A general classification to which the word belongs ('a boat is a means of transportation'). This
It should be used with great caution, as it is not always acceptable to define a word in
terms of a general classification. For example, saying that 'strength is a virtue' is not
enough to give a score, unless explained further.
5. Various correct descriptive traits, although less defined, that indicate through accumulation
understanding of the word.
6. For verbs, clear use of an example of action or causal relationship ('you can repair a car to')
that goes well again
1 point
In general, answers that are not incorrect, but show a lack of substance.
A vague or less relevant synonym ('to designate means to nominate')
2. A lesser use, not elaborate ("fabric is what clothes are made of", "a sanctuary is a place for
pray
3. An attribute that is correct, but not definitive or a determining trait ('winter is when
everything dies and rests”, “when one is resistant it is because they are slow to do something”)
4. An example that uses the same word, without elaborating it ('one has breakfast', 'one shows')
compassion when helping someone in need
5. Give the correct meaning of a related word, for example, define obstruction instead of
obstruct.
6. A concrete case of the word, without elaboration ('if one has a true friend, that is')
"incomparable", "some people hide ideas"
0 point
1. Obviously incorrect answers.
2. Verbalism ('repair a car', 'traveling dollar', 'sanctuary of the homeland'), when after
tointerrogate,thereisnorealunderstanding.
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3. Answers not completely incorrect, but that, even after questioning, are very vague or
trivial or show a great poverty of content ("compassion is a feeling that one
"feel", "perimeter is a measure of something."
EXAMPLES.
For each word, a general criterion of 2 points is given, followed by examples of answers of 2, 1, and 0.
points. The examples are generally of the poorest acceptable responses for each score.
Where (I) appears, it means that it should be questioned. If the person, when questioned, gives a response of
2 points, the 2 points are granted.
Bed
A piece of furniture to rest or sleep on. A (piece of) land prepared for planting.
To sleep...to lie down and rest.
0p. referring to the act of sleeping more than to the furniture where one sleeps, soft... sleep... dream.
2. Winter
The coldest season of the year... The season of the year that is between Autumn and Spring... The season
the year when the sun's rays are more oblique.
2p. Season of the year... cold time of the year... the coldest season... the season in which the sun is over
the equator.
[Link]...changeintheweather.
3. Breakfast
The first meal of the day, or the food that is eaten during that meal.
What is eaten in the morning...the morning food...the first meal of the day
No fasting.
4. Fabric
Woven material. Membrane.
2p. Genre... textiles... woven works on the loom.
Cotton...wool...material (I)...material for clothing (I). with which clothing is made.
Something to wear. Clothes.
Enormous
That exceeds the usual weight, number or degree. Excessive, excessive.
Gigantic...very large...tremendous, like a great auditorium...like a giant, bigger than
the current.
[Link] that do not show a clear understanding of the magnitude of the size.
Big... quite big... fat... a lot... wide... a lot...
0p. a big place (I)...something big happens.
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Dollar
Foreign currency. North American currency.
2p. money of the USA... money from another country.
1p. Coin…silver…silver to buy.
It's made of paper... it's round and has an eagle...
Slice
Thin, wide, and long portion that is taken from something.
2p. Slice...a thin piece.
1p. (To have a notion of piece, but without referring to the thin one).
A piece...a part...cutting bread into slices...
In order to eat it... it cannot be eaten whole...
8. Boat
Astructure that navigates through water and transports people and things.
2p. Means of maritime transport...a ship...means of locomotion by sea...transports things by
thesea....
1p. Means of transport (I)...to travel...has sails...for transportation.
They take things... in what can be waged war... to set up.
9. Repair
To compose or amend the damage that something has [Link] [Link] [Link] notice, to look carefully.
Redress.
fix...restore to its original condition...
Fix a chair…repair something broken…pay attention to manners.
0p. to repair a chair… to work on shoes or at home…
10. Hide
Hide. Cover. Conceal. Deliberately remain silent about what could or should be said. Disguise the truth.
Hide...don't let anyone know what happened.
Hidden...out of sight...not to say...try to hide something (I).
0p. To be far from everyone...to close oneself off.
Hurry up
Hurry up... rush... accelerate.
Hurry up...go fast.
Light...fast...run...
0p. To wear earrings.
Domestic
Belonging to the home or house. It applies to the animal that is raised in the house. It is said of the employee who serves.
in a house.
2p. Servant... employee... gentle... of the house.
Totame...thatisnotfierce...someonewhotakescareofthechildren...
a class of animal...economic being...civilized being...
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[Link]
["Conclude","Finish","Terminate","Consume","Extinguish"]
End... put an end to... not continue... finish.
1p. Finish a job…cancel a contract.
[Link].
Compassion
Feeling of tenderness or pity for the misfortune or harm that another person is suffering.
Pity... mercy... a feeling of sorrow for a person...
1p. Pain...worry...tenderness (I)...understanding...to console...
[Link]...love...afeeling...tocareforsomeone(I)
15. Regular
Adjust...put something in its point...medium...periodic.
[Link]...to make something go faster or slower...middle ground...neither big nor small.
Mediocre...a not very good thing...adjust the engine...
Get it to work.
[Link]
["Spendonfoodorothergoods.","Destroy.","Extinguish.","Afflict."]
2p. Exhaust...destroy by fire...eat...devour.
tofinishsomething...totakesomething...touse(withouttheconceptofthedestructionofthesubstance).
0p. Buy...use products (I)...Consume a lot of food...
17. Fortress
Strength, vigor, courage, moral strength in adversity. Fortified enclosure. Natural defense that one has.
place.
2p. Castle...bastion...moral and physical resistance...vigor...to have courage in adverse circumstances.
Ability to tolerate something that is not necessarily
adversity...patience...persistence...tenacity.
[Link]...tobecomestronger...inclinationtowardsthewilltodogoodandavoidevil.
Regret
Feeling of regret caused by a sense of guilt. Restlessness, internal sorrow that remains after
tohavedoneawrongdeed.
Regret... feeling of guilt... sorrow for having done something wrong... feeling
combinedsadnessandguilt...sorrow(I)feelingthatIdidnotdowhatIshouldhave...
Sadness... depressed by something...
0p. Rabia...something that was not right...like when one gets hurt and cries...sorrow (I) like when one
someonedeardies.
19. Sentence
[Link]'[Link].
2p. Sentence...penalty...punishment imposed by the judge.
[Link] of imprisonment… period of incarceration…
0p. A period of time.
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20. Start.
Start something. Begin. Admit someone into the participation of a ceremony or secret thing. Instruct
in abstract or higher education matters.
2p. Begin.... Start.... Start doing something.
1p. Start a project.... Continue.... At the beginning....
0 p. When one leaves school.... to go along with....
Peaceful.
Calm.. Still.
2 p. Serene.... Peaceful.... Calm.
1 p. Relaxed.... At rest....
0 p. Something that is clear.... aqueous....
22. Sanctuary.
Place where images or relics of saints of special devotion are venerated.
2 p. A sacred or holy place....the sacred part of the Church.... A refuge.... A holy place in a
temple....
1 p. Something sacred.... something that has to do with the Church.... Security....
0 p. Peace and Rest.... has to do with religion.... where the priests study....Aholy man....
23. Incomparable.
That has no comparison or does not admit comparison. Perfect.
Perfect.... Excellent.... that cannot be matched.... something that is so good that there is no other
likehim.
1 p. It cannot be duplicated (without indicating the idea of superior quality or excellence).... nothing
like him.... cannot be copied....
0 p. There are no two things alike.... not comparable (without explaining)....
24. Gather.
Meet. Come together.
2 p. Gather... meet with a group....
1 [Link].... congregation....
0 p. Working in a factory.... people.... an organization....
25. To prevent.
To hinder.... to prevent the execution of something....
2 p. Not letting someone do something... obstructing...
to interfere..... to prevent an action....
0 p. To go against something that is not right....
Cave.
Deep cavity between rocks or underground.
a hole in the ground.... a cave.... something like a piece underground....
1 p. Hoyos.... tunnel.... something underground......
0 p. A den.... cracks...... house.....
30
27. Designate.
To indicate, designate, or appoint a person or thing for a specific purpose. To name.
2 p. Name... Indicate... Assign... Opt for someone... set a specific place with a certain
end....
Name someone.... describe.... choose a leader.... You have a group of people and designate them.
a hacer una cierta tarea que se supone tienen que hacer....
0 [Link] fix.... to say something to someone.... to choose....
28. Osado.
Bold. Reckless. Daring. Determined. One who has audacity.
2 p. Bold.... Daring and brave.... who is very fed up...
1 p. Brazen.... turbulent.... brave....
0 p. Ruidoso.... Annoying....
29. Impale.
To skewer someone on a stick, like one spits a bird on the grill. To become numb. To become hindered in a limb.
for having been curled up, without movement.
2 p. To freeze from cold.... to become numb....
1 p. To be cold... Like Caupolicán...
0 p. A torture.... Working with a shovel....
30. To tease.
Deliberate. Meditate
2 p. Stop to think... contemplate... reflect... turn a matter over in the mind... think about
doubtful form... consider various possibilities...
1 p. Focus... solve a problem... ponder about something that one is not sure if it is of a
one way or another...
0 p. Dudar... people who worry a lot... who hesitate to do something...
31. Calamity.
Misfortune or misfortune that affects many people. To be a person of annoying or bothersome conduct.
Catastrophe. Disaster.
2 p. Catastrophe... great misfortune - disastrous event. Aversiveness. Something terrible... something horrifying... a
very annoying person.
1 p. Cause of unhappiness (but not to an extreme degree)... A problem... bad luck... a tragedy
due to the nature... an annoyance...
0 p. Death... crash... chaos... something unexpected...
32. Obstruct.
Hinder or prevent passage. Block the way or conduit. Place an obstacle in the path of... cover
the hole... prevent the operation of an agent, whether physical or not.
2 p. Cover... block... close the way... put up obstacles...
1 p. To hinder... which serves as an impediment... a barrier...
0 p. Build... destroy... observe...
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33. Obelisk.
Very tall pillar ending in a point. Pyramidal. Used as decoration in public places. Monument.
commemorative.
Amonument... tall and slim...
It is an ornament in public places...
0 p. The obelisk of BuenosAires (I)... a bite...
34. Parody.
Burlesque imitation of a serious thing.
2 p. Satire... burlesque representation... fear
1 [Link] remedy... a comedy... to ridicule something... an imitation of something... to laugh at something serious...
0 p. Tragedy
35. Reluctant.
Reluctant. Hesitant.
Does not want to do something... not inclined to do something... not eager to do something...
1 p. Slow to do something... stubborn... unruly... fearful or hesitant to say or do something...that not
doesn't want to do anything...
0 p. Careless... insecure... indecisive...
Plagiarize
Copying others' works and passing them off as one's own.
2 p. Putting one's name on the work done by another.... One person writes a poem, another one
hecopiesandclaimsthathedidithimself....
1 p. (Copying or stealing without implying that it is passed off as one's own). Taking literary work from another.... Using the
ideas from another... Stealing something that someone else wrote.
0 p. Lying.... stealing (without indicating that it is about artistic ideas or creations).....
When there has been a plague.....
Tangible.
What can be touched. Real. Material.
Something that can be touched with the hands... something real.... something concrete in opposition to it
abstract..... real, which can be seen...... materially evident....
1 p. Capable of being seen.... solid.... concrete.... visible evidence......
0 p. Possible..... something worth...... not strong.....
38. Perimeter.
Outline of a figure.
2 p. External contour of some body.... Distance around a circle...... The edge of something..... the
bank ...... line around something.....
0 p. A distance.... is used in geometry..... a measure of something.....
Ominous.
[Link].
2 p. Of bad omen.... Threatening.... Sinister....
1 p. Dangerous.... A warning..... Mysterious, gloomy..... Something bad.....
0 p. Dark.... Serious...... Like a cloud..... Something unknown.... That scares.....
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40. Diatribe.
Violent and insulting speech or writing against people or things.
2 p. An angry speech.... Hostile flow of words...... Yelling..... Verbal attack....
1 p. Un discurso (sin referirse a lo injurioso)...... Un reto..... Un estallido.....Un discurso Largo....
0 p. Losing control.... A tantrum..... Associated with violence and rage.....
UNDERSTANDING
Answers are scored 2, 1, or 3 (except for items 1 and 2, which are scored with 2 or 0 points), from
agreement to the degree of generalization and its quality. Since it is impossible to make a list of all the
answers that can be given, the examiner must use their own judgment when faced with
uncommon responses. Verbalization should not be punished: a satisfactory response of 2 points
It may be poorly expressed. When asking (I), the answer to the question must be punctuated.
In each item, the general criterion for each score is given, followed by some typical responses.
Most of the examples of 0 points given represent typical marginal responses.
Clothing.
[Link].
To clean it.... To have clean clothes..... To remove the dirt (soil, dust)......
For hygiene.....
0 p. Responses that do not include references to cleaning.
Because it's Monday...... Because it's good to do it.... To avoid falling into temptation......
Locomotive
2 p. Responses indicating that the person knows that the locomotive provides the
forcetomovethetrain.
To drag it... So that it has strength... So that it pushes the train...
So that I can walk....
[Link].
So that the driver stays warm...... To direct the passengers.....
To honk when arriving at an intersection.....
3. About.
2 p. Any response that shows that the person knows what the letter should be
delivered immediately to the mail.
Throw it in a mailbox..... deliver it in the mail.....
Responses that show that the person knows that the letter belongs to someone else.
person, but who has no idea what to do with it:
Give it to a Carabinero.... Try to find the owner..... Take it to the
radio.... Take it to the Unclaimed Letters Office.....
0 p. Not knowing what to do with the letter, nor that it belongs to someone else.
Open it..... Leave it there.
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Tomorrow.
If the answer is another proverb, explanations should be requested and corrected accordingly.
Indicated criterion.
2 [Link] abstraction, for example. One must make the best use of time.
Do not postpone.
1 [Link] situation or a related but not equivalent generalization.
We have to do it today, because something might happen tomorrow...
If I can do it today, it's better......
5. Bad company.
Any answer that contains the idea that the person is influenced,
changed for the worse or corrupted by bad company.
It corrupts one's way of thinking... it teaches one to be bad... influence
ourbehavior,ourthoughts...generallyonefollowsthem
steps...
1 p. Reference to a specific result rather than a generalization of the effects
from bad company.
Because one ruins their reputation... to avoid getting into trouble... why
they harm... they teach one to be a delinquent... because later they say that
one is also bad company...
0 p. Reference to evil without further explanations, or the idea of not getting into trouble
without explaining why the person would get into trouble.
Bad company is bad... getting into a situation that one does not control...
Why don't they teach anything good... they give problems... so they don't get arrested...
6. Theater.
2 p. Recognize that someone in authority at the theater should be notified, such
as the manager or the usher.
Tell it to the usher... tell it to the manager...
1 p. Recognize that responsible action should be taken, even if its results are not
theybecomeeffectiveimmediately.
Call the fire department... sound the fire alarm... try to put out the fire...
0 p. Describe actions that would create panic or not prevent disaster.
Scream 'fire'... warn the people... tear myself away... go get water... get out...
7. Land.
[Link].
Due to the law of supply and demand... there are more people wanting to buy in the city...
why there are fewer and more people who want her...
[Link],ormentionmore
of one of the facilities that exist in the city such as theater, store,
office, streets, transport, etc.
There are more people in the city... fewer lands in the city... because there are better ones.
roads and more facilities; police, drinking water, etc.... better possibilities
businesses.....
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0 p. Responses indicating little understanding of the economic laws involved.
There is more work in the city... it has more value... the buildings are taller.
And more expensive in the city...... because almost no one wants to live in the countryside.....
You can build factories in the city..... in the city there are more things: taxes,
Traffic congestion.......
8. Taxes:
2 p. Maintenance of the Government or government institutions.
To maintain the government..... to manage the country (explained)......
1 p. Specific mention of two or more institutions maintained by the government.
To pay the police, the roads, etc......... to maintain schools,
hospitals............to maintain institutions of all kinds.....
0 p. Reference to a specific institution, organization or work, that
prove that you do not understand the idea that taxes are used for everything
governmentstructure.
To pay the municipal workers...... for the laid-off...... Help the city
And the city will help you.....so that other people can earn more money......
9. Forest:
Any explanation of the use of natural phenomena to find the way out,
orasystemicapproachtotheproblem.
Try to go in a direction guided by the sun (or the course of the water)..... checking
On which side does the moss grow and then following that direction....... use of the watch
Like a compass........
1 p. Mention of casual means to go out, or an unexplained two-point response.
Throughthesun(withoutexplaining)......Throughthemoss(withoutexplaining).....Followingastream...
Follow a path..... climb a tree to orient myself...... follow a direction and
And mark the trees where I pass..... make a campfire to produce a lot
Smoke.
0 p. Use of unreliable or irrelevant phenomena, or relying on people.
Keep walking..... go back the way you came..... ask someone...... walk
Until reaching somewhere..... I would scream...... I would look for traces...... trying to find
Acarabiner or ranger... I generally pay attention to where I enter and continue on.
Themoon.
10. Noise:
If the answer is another proverb, ask for an explanation.
2 [Link] abstract generalization.
Says a lot and does little..... talks a lot and says little.....
1 p. Reference to a specific situation.
Silly people who talk and talk, without having anything to say.....
Do not acknowledge that it is a proverb or explain it literally..... It sounds
thenoiseandthereisnosubstance......
35
11. Marriage:
2 p. Mention of the idea of the legal age required to marry without the
parental consent.
1 p. Mentioning the age without realizing that permission is needed in the case of being a minor.
To know the age.....
0 p. Not realizing that it is related to age.
To know the exact name.... to know what the parents are called...... to
Keep the statistics.....
Note: Quite often, the subject replies, 'actually I don’t know why, because for
To know if someone is of legal age, it would suffice with the ID card.
In this case.
12. Deaf:
2 p. Demonstrate that it is necessary to hear sounds or language before being able to
repeat them.
First, you have to listen to learn to speak... you learn to speak by listening...
Because we learn to speak by imitation, so we must hear first...
1 p. Have the idea that hearing and speaking are connected, without having a clear idea of how
They cannot so they cannot speak..... they cannot hear how the ...
The sounds.....they never know what the correct form of the words is....... because not
They can hear what was said.... They cannot speak because they cannot hear (I)..... I do not know
You can imagine the words.
0 p. Not having any idea of the interdependence between listening to others and learning to speak.
The glands are connected.... the ear and the throat are related....
With deafness comes muteness... because they were born that way... it must be that they have
Bad nerves.....
36
14. Swallow.
If the answer is another proverb, request an explanation.
2 [Link] abstract generalization.
One cannot generalize from a single incident.... One cannot predict from just one.
Experience... one should not rush to conclusions... an example
Somethingdoesnotconstitutearule.....
1 p. Reference to a specific situation or a related generalization, but not
completelyequivalent.
Afailure does not mean that one will fail at everything... one part does not make the whole.
Everything... If one wins once, that doesn't mean they will win always...
If one is successful in one thing, it does not mean that it is a complete success...
0 p. Not realizing that it is a proverb or distorting the meaning of the proverb
ataveryspecificlevel.
When one does something good once, one is not the Boss....There are more things in the
Summer that the swallows...... in the summer all the swallows will have seen gone....
It takes a lot of people to solve a problem, one person alone doesn't make it.
Nothing...... In life there are more things than trivial things..... The swallows are
In winter.....The swallows always arrive together.....
SIMILARITIES:
General Criterion.
Anygeneralclassificationthatisrelevantinessencetobothmembers
of the par. Abstract answers.
1 [Link] specific property common to both terms that constitutes a
relevant similarity. Common uses. Generalizations and operational responses.
0 p. Specific properties of each member of the pair, irrelevant generalizations or
differentiated. Concrete answers.
The following are typical and common responses. Responses are generally preceded
for "are" or "both are", which is omitted in these examples.
1. Hacha – Sierra.
2 p. Tools.... instruments for cutting..... implements for cutting.....
1 p. To cut..... used by carpenters.
0 p. Made of metal.... they have an edge..... one for sawing and the other for cutting..... they have
bracelets.
2. Chaqueta – Vestido.
2 p. Clothing.... Clothing.... attire..... for dressing......
1 p. Gender facts...... to cover oneself..... to dress oneself...... to put them on.....
to stay warm...
0 p. Facts of the same material.... are complementary..... are used together...... have
buttons..... the jacket keeps warm more than the dress.
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3. Orange - Banana.
2 p. Fruits.
1 p. Food..... meal...... to eat...... both grow...... contain vitamins......
they have shells......they are the same color....
0 p. Round..... the same shape..... contain calories.....
Dog - Lion
2 p. Animals ....... Mammals.....
They belong to the same species..... they have legs.... tails, fur......
They resemble each other...... they are dangerous....... they are fierce...... the lion roars and the dog barks....
5. Egg - Seed
2 p. Embryos..... Germs of life..... Principles of life...... reproduce that of
what originates.....
1 p. Reproducción..... algo crece de ambos..... producen...... dan vida..... Medios de
Reproduction (Without further explanation)......the two create......
0 p. They grow...... they can be eaten..... food..... one comes from the other...... they have yolk...
they are round......
Northwest
2 p. Cardinal points...... directions......
1 p. Places on the map...... locations...... tell us where we are going......
0 p. Distance..... go in one direction or another.... northwest..... both have o.
7. Eye - Ear.
2 p. Senses...... Organs of the senses...... receptors of stimuli........
1. Organs...... Paired in the body....... one captures through them....... to perceive....
one acquires knowledge through them.
0 p. Necessary..... it is seen with the eye and heard with the ear.... both have openings.....
[Link] - Water.
2 p. Necessary elements for life...... necessary for the functioning of the body
human... one must have both to live...
1 p. Elements...... have oxygen...... help to live....... contain water......... means
of transport........fluids......
Natural products...... are everywhere...... the air is breathed and the water
It is taken.... water is a substance and air is a substance...... they are in the clouds...
9. Table-Chair.
2 p. Furniture...... Furnishing..... pieces of furnishings.....
Homemade objects are found in kitchens and restaurants. They are used when
one eats food......
0 p. Accessories.....table for eating and chair for sitting.......made of wood........they have
four legs.
38
10. Poetry-statue.
2 p. Works of art..... artistic creation..... expression of artistic feelings......
1 p. Man-made.... symbolic..... beautiful things..... evoke emotions....
they express an idea or emotion..... they are in memory of something, they make you remember.......
The poem describes the statue..... poems are made for statues...... they do not have
life...... is made by famous people....... one reads them poems and contemplates the
statue.........people like it........
11. Praise-Punishment.
2 p. Disciplinary means..... methods of motivation....... stimuli to influence
behavior...... methods of criticism...... reinforcements......
1 p. To teach people...... to express one's attitude..... Ways to obtain
things are done...... they are used on people to obtain something......
They benefit people..... they are opposites..... one is reward and the other is punishment.......
12. Wood-alcohol.
2 p. Organic substances......... hydrocarbons......
1 p. The two burn....... blaze...... are used in industry...... they are used as
combustible...... they contain coal...... contain hydrogen and oxygen......
They are products of the tree...... alcohol is obtained from the wood....... they are useful......
13. Fly-Tree.
Living beings...... living things.......
They breathe... they grow... they need food... created by nature...
They need sun to live..... they have life......
The fly lands on the tree..... on the wings..... flies have wings and the
trees branches....... are carriers of germs..... the fly is small and the tree
big.... they are useful for man..... both are in motion...... the
two move in the wind......
39
PRESIDENTS OF CHILE SINCE 1900.
1896-1901 FedericoErrázurizEchaurren.
1901-1906 Germán Riesco.
1906-1910 Pedro Montt
1910-1915 Ramón Barros Luco.
1915-1920 JuanLuisSanfuentes
1920-1925 ArturoAlessandriPalma
1925-1927 EmilianoFigueroaLarraín
1927-1931 Carlos Ibáñez del Campo.
1931-1932 Juan Esteban Montero (December 1, 1931 - June 4, 1932)
4.6.32 to 16.6.32, Socialist Republic of Chile (C. Dávila, Eugenio Matte Hurtado andA.
Puga)
1932 CarlosDávila(actingpresident)
1932-1938 ArturoAlessandriPalma.
1938-1941 Pedro Aguirre Cerda.
1942-1947 JuanAntonioRíos.
1947-1952 GabrielGonzalezVidela.
1952-1958 Carlos Ibáñez del Campo.
1958-1964 JorgeAlessandri Rodríguez
1964-1970 Eduardo Frei Montalva.
1970-1973 SalvadorAllende Gossens
1973 Governing Board
Augusto Pinochet Ugarte.
40
1941-42 Jerónimo Mendez (November 25, 1941 to April 2, 1942)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
3. Matarazzo, Joseph
Ø Wechsler's Measurement and Appraisal of Adult
Intelligence.
Ø 5thandEnlargedEdition.
Ø TheWilliam&WilkinsCo.,Baltimore,1972.
4. Portuendo, Juan A.
Ø Wechsler-Bellevue Scale: its clinical approach.
New Library Madrid, 1970.
5. Wechsler, David
Ø Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale. The Psychological Corporation, New York,
1955.
[Link], David
Ø Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-
revised. The Psychological Corporation, New
York, 1981.
41
TABLE OF CONVERSION FROM RAW SCORES TO STANDARD SCORES
P. ST. INF. COM. ARIT. SEM. DIG. VOC. SIM. COMP. CUP. ORD. ENS. [Link].
19 29 27-28 25 17 78-80 87-90 19
18 28 26 25 76-77 83-86 21 36 44 18
17 27 25 18 24 74-75 79-82 48 35 43 17
16 24 17 23 16 71-73 76-78 20 47 34 42 16
15 23 16 22 15 67-70 72-75 20 46 33 41 15
14 23-24 22 15 21 14 63-66 69-71 19 44-45 32 40 14
13 21-22 21 14 19-20 59-62 66-68 18 42-43 30-31 38-39 13
12 19-20 20 13 17-18 13 54-58 62-65 17 39-41 28-29 36-37 12
11 17-18 19 12 15-16 12 47-53 58-61 15-16 35-38 26-27 34-35 11
10 15-16 17-18 11 13-14 11 40-46 52-57 14 31-34 23-25 31-33 10
9 13-14 15-16 10 11-12 10 32-39 47-51 12-13 28-30 20-22 28-30 9
8 11-12 14 9 9-10 26-31 41-46 10-11 25-27 18-19 25-27 8
7 9-10 12-13 7-8 7-8 9 22-25 35-40 8-9 21-24 15-17 22-24 7
6 7-8 10-11 6 5-6 8 18-21 29-34 6-7 17-20 12-14 19-21 6
5 5-6 8-9 5 4 14-17 23-28 5 13-16 9-11 15-18 5
4 4 6-7 4 3 7 11-13 18-22 4 10-12 8 11-14 4
3 3 5 3 2 10 15-17 3 6-9 7 8-10 3
2 2 4 2 1 6 9 13-14 2 3-5 6 5-7 2
1 1 3 1 4-5 8 12 1 2 5 3-4 1
0 0 0-2 0 0 0-2 0-7 0-11 0 0-1 0-4 0-2 0
42
WAIS 16-17 years
VERBAL MANUAL
P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S C.I.
112 157 72 117 32 78 90 154 55 108 20 62
111 156 71 116 31 77 89 153 54 107 19 61
88 151 53 106 18 60
110 155 70 115 30 76 87 150 52 104 17 58
109 154 69 114 29 75 86 149 51 103 16 57
108 153 68 113 28 74
107 152 67 112 27 73 85 147 50 102 15 56
106 151 66 111 26 72 84 146 49 100 14 55
83 145 48 99 13 53
105 150 65 110 25 71 82 143 47 98 12 52
104 149 64 109 24 70 81 142 46 96 11 51
103 148 63 108 23 69
102 147 62 107 22 68 80 141 45 95 10 49
101 146 61 106 21 67 79 139 44 94 9 48
78 138 43 92 8 47
100 145 60 105 20 66 77 137 42 91 7 45
99 144 59 104 19 65 76 136 41 90 6 44
98 143 58 103 18 64
97 142 57 102 17 63 75 134 40 89 5 43
96 141 56 101 16 62 74 133 39 87 4 41
73 132 38 86 3 40
95 140 55 100 15 61 72 130 37 85 2 39
94 139 54 99 14 60 71 129 36 83 1 38
93 138 53 98 13 59
92 137 52 97 12 58 70 128 35 82
91 136 51 96 11 57 69 126 34 81
68 125 33 79
90 135 50 95 10 56 67 124 32 78
89 134 49 94 9 55 66 123 31 77
88 133 48 94 8 54
87 132 47 93 7 53 65 121 30 75
86 131 46 92 6 52 64 120 29 74
63 119 28 73
43
85 130 45 91 5 51 62 117 27 72
84 129 44 90 4 50 61 116 26 70
83 128 43 89 3 49
82 127 42 88 2 48 60 115 25 69
81 126 41 87 1 47 59 113 24 68
58 112 23 66
80 125 40 86 57 111 22 65
79 124 39 85 56 109 21 64
78 123 38 84
77 122 37 83
76 121 36 82
75 120 35 81
74 119 34 80
73 118 33 79
44
182 147 142 123 102 99 62 75 22 52
181 146 141 123 101 99 61 75 21 51
45
78 137 33 79
100 142 60 103 20 63 77 136 32 77
99 141 59 102 19 62 76 135 31 76
98 140 58 101 18 61
97 139 57 100 17 60 75 133 30 75
96 138 56 99 16 59 74 132 29 73
73 131 28 72
95 137 55 98 15 58 72 130 27 71
94 136 54 97 14 57 71 128 26 69
93 135 53 96 13 56
92 134 52 95 12 55 70 127 25 68
91 133 51 94 11 54 69 126 24 67
68 124 23 65
90 132 50 93 10 53 67 123 22 64
89 131 49 92 9 52 66 122 21 63
88 130 48 91 8 51
87 129 47 90 7 50 65 120 20 62
86 128 46 89 6 49 64 119 19 60
63 118 18 59
85 127 45 88 5 48 62 116 17 58
84 126 44 87 4 47 61 115 16 56
83 125 43 86 3 46
82 124 42 85 2 45 60 114 15 55
81 123 41 84 1 44 59 113 14 54
58 111 13 52
80 122 40 83 57 110 12 51
79 121 39 82 56 109 11 50
78 120 38 81
77 119 37 80 55 107 10 48
76 118 36 79 54 106 9 47
53 105 8 46
75 117 35 78 52 103 7 45
74 116 34 77 51 102 6 43
73 115 33 76
50 101 5 42
49 99 4 41
48 98 3 39
47 97 2 38
46 96 1 37
46
202 157 162 133 122 109 82 85 42 61
201 156 161 132 121 108 81 85 41 61
47
165 135 125 111 85 87 45 63
164 134 124 110 84 86 44 63
163 133 123 110 83 86 43 62
48
53 103 8 44
75 115 35 76 52 102 7 43
74 114 34 75 51 100 6 42
73 113 33 74
50 99 5 40
49 98 4 39
48 97 3 38
47 95 2 36
46 94 1 35
WAIS 20-24años
TOTALSCALE
P.S C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I.
202 155 162 131 122 107 82 83 42 59
201 154 161 130 121 106 81 83 41 59
200 153 160 130 120 106 80 82 40 58
199 153 159 129 119 105 79 81 39 58
198 152 158 129 118 105 78 81 38 57
197 152 157 128 117 104 77 80 37 57
196 151 156 127 116 104 76 80 36 56
195 151 155 127 115 103 75 79 35 55
194 150 154 126 114 102 74 79 34 55
193 149 153 126 113 102 73 78 33 54
192 149 152 125 112 101 72 77 32 54
191 148 151 124 111 101 71 77 31 53
190 148 150 124 110 100 70 76 30 52
189 147 149 123 109 99 69 76 29 52
188 146 148 123 108 99 68 75 28 51
187 146 147 122 107 98 67 74 27 51
186 145 146 121 106 98 66 74 26 50
185 145 145 121 105 97 65 73 25 49
184 144 144 120 104 96 64 73 24 49
183 143 143 120 103 96 63 72 23 48
182 143 142 119 102 95 62 71 22 48
181 142 141 118 101 95 61 71 21 47
180 142 148 118 100 94 60 70 20 46
179 141 139 117 99 93 59 70 19 46
178 140 138 117 98 93 58 69 18 45
177 140 137 116 97 92 57 68 17 45
176 139 136 115 96 92 56 68 16 44
175 139 135 115 95 91 55 67 15 43
174 138 134 114 94 90 54 67 14 43
173 137 133 114 93 90 53 66 13 42
172 137 132 113 92 89 52 65 12 42
171 136 131 112 91 89 51 65 11 41
170 136 130 112 90 88 50 64
169 135 129 111 89 87 49 64
168 134 128 111 88 87 48 63
167 134 127 110 87 86 47 62
166 133 126 109 86 86 46 62
49
165 133 125 109 85 85 45 61
164 132 124 108 84 84 44 61
163 131 123 108 83 84 43 60
50
77 116 37 77 55 107 10 48
76 115 36 76 54 106 9 47
53 105 8 46
75 114 35 75 52 103 7 44
74 113 34 74 51 102 6 43
73 112 33 73
50 101 5 42
49 99 4 40
48 98 3 39
47 97 2 38
46 95 1 37
51
175 138 135 115 95 91 55 67 15 43
174 138 134 114 94 90 54 66 14 43
173 137 133 113 93 90 53 66 13 42
172 137 132 113 92 89 52 65 12 41
171 136 131 112 91 88 51 65 11 41
52
94 133 55 95 15 55 72 134 32 82
93 132 54 94 14 54 71 133 31 80
92 131 53 93 13 53
91 130 52 92 12 52 70 131 30 79
51 91 11 51 69 130 29 78
90 129 68 129 28 76
89 128 50 90 10 50 67 127 27 75
88 127 49 89 9 49 66 126 26 74
87 126 48 88 8 48
86 125 47 87 7 48 65 125 25 72
46 86 6 47 64 123 24 71
85 124 63 122 23 70
84 123 45 85 5 46 62 121 22 69
83 122 44 84 4 45 61 120 21 67
82 121 43 83 3 44
81 120 42 82 2 43 60 118 20 66
41 81 1 42 59 117 19 65
80 119 58 116 18 63
79 118 40 80 57 114 17 62
78 118 39 79 56 113 16 61
77 117 38 78
76 116 37 77 55 112 15 59
36 76 54 110 14 58
75 115 53 109 13 57
74 114 35 75 52 108 12 55
73 113 34 74 51 106 11 54
33 73
53
191 150 151 127 111 103 71 79 31 55
54
73 115 36 78 88 161 53 116 18 70
110 151 72 114 87 160 52 114 17 69
109 150 71 113 35 77 86 159 51 113 16 67
108 149 34 76
107 148 70 112 33 75 85 157 50 112 15 66
106 147 69 111 32 74 84 156 49 110 14 65
68 110 31 73 83 155 48 109 13 63
105 146 67 109 82 154 47 108 12 62
104 145 66 108 30 72 81 152 46 106 11 61
103 144 29 71
102 143 65 107 28 70 80 151 45 105 10 59
101 142 64 106 27 69 79 150 44 104 9 58
63 105 26 68 78 148 43 103 8 57
100 141 62 104 77 147 42 101 7 56
99 140 61 103 25 67 76 146 41 100 6 54
98 139 24 66
97 138 60 102 23 65 75 144 40 99 5 53
96 137 59 101 22 64 74 143 39 97 4 52
58 100 21 63 73 142 38 96 3 50
95 136 57 99 72 140 37 95 2 49
94 135 56 98 20 63 71 139 36 93 1 48
93 134 19 62
92 133 55 97 18 61 70 138 35 92
91 133 54 96 17 60 69 137 34 91
53 95 16 59 68 135 33 89
90 132 52 94 67 134 32 88
89 131 51 93 15 58 66 133 31 87
88 130 14 57
87 129 50 92 13 56 65 131 30 86
86 128 49 91 12 55 64 130 29 84
48 90 11 54 63 129 28 83
85 127 47 89 62 127 27 82
84 126 46 88 10 53 61 126 26 80
83 125 9 52
82 124 45 87 8 51 60 125 25 79
81 123 44 86 7 50 59 123 24 78
43 85 6 49 58 122 23 76
80 122 42 84 57 121 22 75
79 121 41 83 5 48 56 120 21 74
78 120 4 47
77 119 40 82 3 46
76 118 39 81 2 45
1 44
55
W A I S - SCORE 45 - 54
TOTALSCALE
P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I.
202 161 162 137 122 114 82 90 42 66
201 161 161 137 121 113 81 89 41 65
56
169 142 129 118 89 94 49 70
168 141 128 117 88 93 48 70
167 140 127 117 87 93 47 69
166 140 126 116 86 92 46 68
57
84 128 49 93 14 59 61 131 26 85
83 127 48 92 13 58
82 126 47 91 12 57 60 130 25 84
81 125 46 90 11 56 59 129 24 83
58 127 23 82
80 124 45 89 10 55 57 126 22 80
79 123 44 88 9 54 56 125 21 79
78 122 43 87 8 53
W A I S - SCORE 55 - 64 years
TOTALSCALE
P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I.
202 165 162 141 122 117 82 94 42 70
201 164 161 141 121 117 81 93 41 69
58
176 149 136 126 96 102 56 78 16 54
59
92 138 52 98 12 59 70 147 35 101
91 137 51 97 11 58 69 145 34 99
68 144 33 98
90 136 50 96 10 57 67 143 32 97
89 135 49 95 9 56 66 141 31 96
88 134 48 94 8 55
87 133 47 93 7 54 65 140 30 94
86 132 46 92 6 53 64 139 29 93
63 137 28 92
85 131 45 91 5 52 62 136 27 90
84 130 44 90 4 51 61 135 26 89
83 129 43 89 3 50
82 128 42 88 2 49 60 133 25 88
81 127 41 87 1 48 59 132 24 86
58 131 23 85
80 126 40 86 57 130 22 84
79 125 39 85 56 128 21 82
78 124 38 84
77 123 37 84
76 122 36 83
75 121 35 82
74 120 34 81
73 119 33 80
W A I S - SCORE 65 - 69 years
TOTALSCALE
P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I.
202 168 162 144 122 120 82 96 42 73
201 167 161 143 121 120 81 96 41 72
60
190 161 150 137 110 113 70 89 30 65
189 160 149 136 109 112 69 89 29 65
188 159 148 136 108 112 68 88 28 64
187 159 147 135 107 111 67 87 27 64
186 158 146 134 106 111 66 87 26 63
W A I S - SCORE 70 - 74 years
MANUAL SCALE VERBALSCALE
P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I.
112 163 72 124 32 85 90 179 50 127 10 74
111 162 71 123 31 84 89 178 49 125 9 73
88 176 48 124 8 72
61
110 161 70 122 30 83 87 175 47 123 7 71
109 160 69 121 29 82 86 174 46 122 6 69
108 159 68 120 28 81
107 159 67 119 27 80 85 173 45 120 5 68
106 158 66 118 26 79 84 171 44 119 4 67
83 170 43 118 3 65
105 157 65 117 25 78 82 169 42 116 2 64
104 156 64 116 24 77 81 167 41 115 1 63
103 155 63 115 23 76
102 154 62 114 22 75 80 166 40 114
101 153 61 113 21 74 79 165 39 112
78 163 38 111
100 152 60 112 20 73 77 162 37 110
99 151 59 111 19 72 76 161 36 108
98 150 58 110 18 71
97 149 57 109 17 70 75 159 35 107
96 148 56 108 16 69 74 158 34 106
73 157 33 105
95 147 55 107 15 68 72 156 32 103
94 146 54 106 14 67 71 154 31 102
93 145 53 105 13 66
92 144 52 104 12 65 70 153 30 101
91 143 51 103 11 64 69 152 29 99
68 150 28 98
90 142 50 102 10 63 67 149 27 97
89 141 49 101 9 62 66 148 26 95
88 140 48 100 8 61
87 139 47 99 7 60 65 146 25 94
86 138 46 98 6 59 64 145 24 93
63 144 23 91
85 137 45 97 5 58 62 142 22 90
84 136 44 96 4 57 61 141 21 89
83 135 43 95 3 56
82 134 42 94 2 55 60 140 20 88
81 133 41 93 1 54 59 139 19 86
58 137 18 85
80 132 40 92 57 136 17 84
79 131 39 91 56 135 16 82
78 130 38 90
77 129 37 89 55 133 15 81
76 128 36 89 54 132 14 80
53 131 13 78
75 127 35 88 52 129 12 77
74 126 34 87 51 128 11 76
73 125 33 86
62
W A I S - SCORE 70 - 74 years
TOTALSCALE
P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I.
202 174 162 150 122 127 82 103 42 79
201 174 161 150 121 126 81 102 41 78
63
170 155 130 131 90 108 50 84
169 155 129 131 89 107 49 83
168 154 128 130 88 106 48 83
167 153 127 130 87 106 47 82
166 153 126 129 86 105 46 81
64
90 145 50 106 10 66 67 155 27 103
89 144 49 105 9 65 66 154 26 102
88 143 48 104 8 64
87 142 47 103 7 63 65 153 25 100
86 141 46 102 6 63 64 151 24 99
63 150 23 98
85 140 45 101 5 62 62 149 22 96
84 139 44 100 4 61 61 147 21 95
83 138 43 99 3 60
82 137 42 98 2 59 60 146 20 94
81 136 41 97 1 58 59 145 19 93
58 144 18 91
80 135 40 96 57 142 17 90
79 134 39 95 56 141 16 89
78 134 38 94
77 133 37 93 55 140 15 87
76 132 36 92 54 138 14 86
53 137 13 85
75 131 35 91 52 136 12 83
74 130 34 90 51 134 11 82
73 129 33 89
W A I S - SCORE 75 years and older
TOTALSCALE
P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I. P.S. C.I.
202 179 162 156 122 132 82 108 42 84
201 179 161 155 121 131 81 107 41 84
65
185 169 145 145 105 122 65 98 25 74
184 169 144 145 104 121 64 97 24 73
183 168 143 144 103 120 63 97 23 73
182 167 142 144 102 120 62 96 22 72
181 167 141 143 101 119 61 95 21 72
66