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Understanding Fluidization Processes

Fluidization is a process that suspends solid particles using a flow of liquid or gas, resulting in a fluid-like behavior of the solid phase. It has various applications, including mechanical classification, washing, crystallization, and catalytic reactions, particularly in the oil industry. While fluidization offers advantages like effective mixing and heat transfer, it also presents challenges such as inefficient gas flow in bubble beds and erosion of particles over time.

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13 views9 pages

Understanding Fluidization Processes

Fluidization is a process that suspends solid particles using a flow of liquid or gas, resulting in a fluid-like behavior of the solid phase. It has various applications, including mechanical classification, washing, crystallization, and catalytic reactions, particularly in the oil industry. While fluidization offers advantages like effective mixing and heat transfer, it also presents challenges such as inefficient gas flow in bubble beds and erosion of particles over time.

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FLUIDIZATION

Fluidization is a process by which a flow


fluid ascendance (liquid, gas, or both) is used to
suspend solid particles. From a point of view
macroscopic, the solid phase (or dispersed phase) behaves
as a fluid, hence the origin of the term "fluidization". To
a set of fluidized particles is also referred to as
fluidized bed

Fluidization is the operation by which solids


fine particles are transformed into a state similar to fluid
through contact with a gas or liquid. This
contact methods have numerous applications
among which the breakup process stands out
fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) whose importance in
the refining schemes are remarkable depending on
your contribution of high-octane gasoline and LPG.
with high olefin content.
FLUIDIZED BED HAS A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS, AMONG
THE
Which ones can be mentioned:

Mechanical classification of particles according to their size, shape or density.

Washing or leaching of solid particles.


Crystallization.

Adsorption and ion exchange.

Heat exchange in fluidized bed.

Heterogeneous catalytic reactions (including the catalytic decomposition of


oil).

Coal combustion in fluidized bed.

Coal gasification in fluidized bed.

Fluidized bed bioreactors.


Types of fluidization. The widespread use of fluidization begins
in the oil industry with the development of cracking
catalytic in the fluidized bed.

Particulate fluidization

When sand is fluidized with water, the particles are found to be more
separated and their movement is more vigorous as it increases the
fluidization velocity, although the average density of the bed at a
the given speed is the same in all its sections. These are
it is called particulate fluidization and is characterized by an expansion
large but uniform bed at high speeds.

2. Bubbling or turbulent fluidization

Air fluidized bed systems present what is referred to


aggregate fluidization or bubbling. At superficial velocities the
most of the gas passes through the bed in the form of bubbles or
gaps that are almost free of solids, and only a small
fracción del gas fluye por los canales existentes entre las partículas.
3. Circulating fluidization

At higher gas speeds, all particles of


feeding is quick, dragged with gas, but it is
possible to recover them with a cyclone to return them to the bottom to
keep the solids in the unit. This type of system
it is called a circulating fluidized bed.
The widespread use of fluidization begins in the
oil industry with the development of cracking
catalytic in the fluidized bed.
THE APPLICATION

From fluidization within industrial processes, it can be


place into two large groups: (i) physical or mechanical processes,
y (ii) chemical processes. Some of the most applications
Frequent in the industry are listed below.
Expansion of the particle bed.
the presence of bubbles inside the reactor
Ventajas:
The behavior of particles as a liquid allows for control.
continuous automatic with ease of handling.
The mixing speed of the solids allows for very good and effective control of
the isothermal conditions of the system.
3. Furthermore, given the good mix of solids, the system reacts slowly to
sudden changes in working conditions, which allows to maintain the
stable system against external disturbances.
4. The circulation of solids between two fluidized beds makes it possible to eliminate or
add large amounts of heat in large systems.
It is suitable for large-scale operations.
6. The transport speeds of heat and matter between the fluid and the particle
are greater than with other types of contact methods.
7. The heat transport speed between the fluidized bed and an object
immersed in it is high. Therefore, heat exchange with the bed requires
relatively small surface areas.
Disadvantages:
1. For bubble beds of very fine particles, there is a large
difficulty in describing the gas flow, with a large deviation from the flow
of piston. The large amount of flow in the form of bubbles represents a
inefficient contact between particles and gas. This is especially
problematic when a high conversion of reactant is required
gaseous or a high selectivity of an intermediate reaction.

The rapid mixing of solids in the bed leads to the presence of particles
of different residence times. For continuous systems, this gives
a non-uniform product, especially for high levels
conversion.

3. Solids are eroded by friction over time.

4. The erosion of reactor zones due to abrasion can be significant.

There is an economic cost as a consequence of energy


necessary mechanics and the equipment to drive the fluid.
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