CONTINENTAL UNIVERSITY

ACADEMIC PRODUCT 2

COURSE:
CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS

NRC:
12084

TEACHER:
WALTER HERNÁN PATRICIO PERALTA

STUDENTS:
BERROCAL HUILLCA SUSAN
CAMARENA BENITO NOELIA
POMA AYALA LADY CHASKA
TTITO FARFAN ALAIN PERCY

2022
 PSYCHOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
NRC 12084

DEVELOPMENT

1. Define the variable according to the theory of social skills in which

Goldstein is based to construct the diagnostic checklist for the
social skills and identify the objectives of the instrument.

About the definition of the variable: Social Skills, (Rivas, 2002) in his
review of the assessment scale for social skills, mentions:
Theorists like Goldstein (1987) define social skills
as a set of effective behaviors in relationships
interpersonal behaviors." According to this author, these behaviors are learned,
they facilitate the relationship with others, the assertion of one's own
rights, without denying the rights of others, prevents anxiety in
difficult or novel situations facilitate communication and the
problem solving. There are some basic social skills and
others more complex: first, advanced, related to the
feelings, alternatives to aggression, coping with stress and
planning skills.

Likewise, (Tomas, 2019) indicates that the objectives of the instrument proposed by
Goldstein son:
Determine the deficiencies and competencies that a person has in their
social skills.
Identify the use of the variety of social, personal, and skills
interpersonal.
Evaluate in what types of situations people are competent or deficient in
the use of a social skill.

2. Identify and describe the dimensions or areas of the checklist that

social skills according to the theory that underpins the instrument.

The areas evaluated by the checklist proposed by Goldstein are a total of 6.

In this regard, (Rodriguez, Cacheiro et al., 2014), citing Goldstein, define each
one of the dimensions in the following way:

FIRST SOCIAL SKILLS, knows how to start a conversation and maintain it

their interpersonal relationships. They refer to the skills that allow for a
basic or elementary social development; they refer to the minimums of courtesy
welcome in a society. They include basic aspects of communication, of
establishment of the first interpersonal ties, identification and expression
from one's own interests, as well as ways to show gratitude for favors
received.
 PSYCHOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
NRC 12084

ADVANCED SOCIAL SKILLS, responsible, easily helps with

neighbor and is very polite. These are the social skills that imply
a more elaborate interaction and the combination of behavioral norms
They refer to the ability to ask for help, to integrate into a group, to
to apologize and to persuade, to follow instructions and to provide explanations
about specific tasks.

SKILLS RELATED TO FEELINGS can influence the

Moreover, they are emotionally stable, know their weaknesses and strengths, and express
your feelings. They are the skills related to an appropriate management of one’s own
emotions and their socially acceptable expression, according to the norms of
behavior of a certain society or social group. They agglutinate the
abilities to understand, recognize, and express one's own emotions and the
of others, caring for others, and rewarding oneself for a good deed.

ALTERNATIVE SKILLS TO AGGRESSION, Knows how to manage their emotions,

avoids conflicts, is assertive. They are the social interaction skills that involve
search for diverse approaches to achieve the desired effect. They make
reference to the ability to share, help, reconcile, defend one's own
rights, self-control, resolving conflicts and requesting authorizations.

SKILLS TO DEAL WITH STRESS, Tolerant of frustration,

dealing with a failure, it has emotional maturity which can make it so that
knowing how to make decisions and even being resilient. They also refer to the way
how a person can face moments with equanimity and moderation
tension, of disagreement or discrepancy, such as feeling rejected or
suffering, facing one's own mistakes or injustice, receiving criticism and acknowledging the
merit of others.

PLANNING SKILLS, Setting objectives, organized, concludes

projects, completes its work to reach the set goals. They involve the
forecast to avoid problems and difficulties, to optimize time, for the
problem solving and decision making.

3. Identify the items that correspond to each dimension or area.

DIMENSION /
ITEMS
AREA
1.- You pay attention to the person speaking to you and make an effort.
GROUP I: to understand what they are telling you
FIRST 2.- You start a conversation with other people and then you can keep it going.
SKILLS for a moment
SOCIAL
3.- You talk to other people about things that interest both of you
 PSYCHOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
NRC 12084

4.- You choose the information you need to know and ask the person for it.
adequate
5.- You tell others that you are grateful to them for something that
they did for you

6.- You strive to meet new people on your own initiative.

7.- You introduce new people to others.

8.- They tell others what they like about them or what they do.

9.- You ask for help when you need it

10.- You join a group to participate in a specific activity

GROUP II: 11.- You clearly explain to others how to do a specific task.
SKILLS
SOCIAL 12.- You pay attention to the instructions, you ask for explanations, and you carry on.
ADVANCED follow the instructions correctly.
13.- You apologize to others when you have done something that you know is wrong.
bad
14.- You try to persuade others that your ideas are better and that they will be
of

15.- You try to understand and recognize the emotions you experience

16.- You allow others to know what you feel

GROUP III: 17. - You try to understand what others feel.

SKILLS
SOCIAL
18.- You try to understand the anger of other people.
RELATED
WITH THE 19.- Do you let others know that you care or are concerned about
FEELINGS they
20.- When you feel fear, you think about why you feel it, and then you try to do
something to reduce it

21.- You give yourself a reward after doing something well

You know when it is necessary to ask for permission to do something and then you do it.
you ask the right person

23.- You share your things with others

24.- Help those in need

GROUP IV: 25.- If you and someone disagree about something, you try to reach a
SKILLS agreement that satisfies both
ALTERNATIVES 26.- You control your character in such a way that things don't slip away from you.
TO THE AGGRESSION hand
27.- You defend your rights by informing others what your point is.
from sight

28.- You maintain control when others joke with you

29.- You stay away from situations that could cause you harm.
problems
 PSYCHOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
NRC 12084

30.- You find other ways to solve difficult situations without having to
fight you
31.- You tell others clearly, but not angrily, when they
they have done something you don't like
32.- You try to listen to others and respond impartially when they
They complain about you

33.- You express a sincere compliment to others for the way they have played.

34.- Do you do something that helps you feel less ashamed or to be less so?
restrained
35.- You determine if you have been left out of any activity and then you do
something to feel better in that situation
GROUP V: 36.- You express to others when you feel that a friend has not been treated well.
SKILLS in a fair way?
TO DO
IN FRONT OF 37.- If someone is trying to convince you of something, think about the position
STRESS about that person and then in oneself before deciding what to do
You try to understand the reason why you have failed in a situation.
particular
39.- You recognize and resolve the confusion that arises when others
te explican una cosa, pero dicen y hacen otra
40.- Do you understand what you have been accused of and why, and then think about it
best way to relate to the person who made the accusation?
41.- You plan the best way to express your point of view before a
problematic conversation
42.- Decide what you want to do when others want you to do something else.
something different

43.- If you feel bored, you try to find something interesting to do.

44.- If a problem arises, you try to determine what caused it.

45.- Make realistic decisions about what you would like to achieve before
start a task
GROUP VI: 46.- Realistically determine how well you could perform before
SKILLS start a task
DE
PLANNING 47.- You determine what you need to know and how to obtain the information.

48.- Realistically determine which of your numerous problems is the

most important and which should be solved first
You analyze among several possibilities and then choose the one that will make you feel
better
50 - You are able to ignore distractions and only pay attention to what
what do you want to do.
 PSYCHOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
NRC 12084

4. Based on the information you have, build an operationalization matrix identifying the indicators of
according to the items.

OPERATIONALIZATION MATRIX

VARI DEFINITION DEFINITION

ABLE DIMENSIONS INDICATORS ITEMS
CONCEPTUAL OPERATIONAL

1.- You pay attention to the person who is talking to you.

The Checklist
1. Listen and you make an effort to understand what they are
of Skills
saying
Social is
It is a set of
composed of a
behaviors Start a 2.- You start a conversation with other people and then
total of 50 items,
effective in the conversation can you hold it for a moment
grouped in 6
relationships
areas, which will be
interpersonal. 3. Maintain a You talk to other people about things that
they present in a
According to Goldstein, conversation they are of interest to both
graduated scale of 1
these behaviors are
a 5 of the following GROUP I: 4. To formulate a 4.- You choose the information you need to know and give it to her.
learned, and facilitate
the relationship with the
way FIRSTS question you ask the right person
1 - Never use the SKILLS
others, the claim
skill. SOCIAL 5.- You tell others that you are grateful to
of the own 5. To give thanks
rights, without denying
Rarely uses the they for something they did for you
skill.
the rights of the 3 - Sometimes uses the
besides, avoid the 6. Introduce yourself You strive to meet new people for
skill. own initiative
anxiety in
4 - Often uses the
difficult situations or
skill. 7. Present to others
novel, facilitate the 7.- You introduce new people to others.
communication and the
5 - Always use the people
skill.
resolution of
problems. 8. Make a 8.- They tell others what you like about them or about..
The total score, which fulfilled what are they doing
varies depending on
number of items that GROUP II: 9. Ask for help 9.- You ask for help when you need it
PSYCHOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
NRC 12084

respond the subject in SKILLS 10.- You join a group to participate in a

10. Participate
each value from 1 to 5. SOCIAL determined activity
This score as ADVANCED
the minimum is 50 and how 11. To give 11.- You clearly explain to others how to do a
maximum is 250 instructions specific task
points.
12.- You pay attention to the instructions, you ask
12. To follow
explanations and you carry out the instructions
instructions
correctly.

13.- Do you apologize to others when you have done

13. To apologize
something you know is wrong

14. Convince the 14.- You try to persuade others of your ideas
others are better and that will be of

15. Know the

15.- You try to understand and recognize emotions
own What do you experience?
feelings

16. Express the

16.- You allow others to know what you feel
feelings
GROUP III:
17. Understand the
SKILLS
feelings of the 17.- You try to understand what others feel.
SOCIAL
others
RELATED
WITH THE
Confront with 18.- You try to understand the anger of others.
FEELINGS
the anger of another people

19.- You let others know that you care.

19. Express affection
or you worry about them

20. Solve the 20.- When you feel fear, you think about why you feel it, and
fear then you try to do something to reduce it
PSYCHOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
NRC 12084

21.
21.- You give yourself a reward after
Self-reward to do something well
e

22 - Do you know when it is necessary to ask for permission to

22. Ask for permission
do something and then ask it from the right person

23. Share something 23.- You share your things with others

24. Help the

24.- Helps those in need
others

25.- If you and someone disagree about something,

25. Negotiate
you try to reach an agreement that satisfies both

GROUP IV: 26. Employ the 26.- You control your character so that you are not
SKILLS self-control things slip out of hand
ALTERNATIVES
TO THE AGGRESSION 27. Defender los 27.- You defend your rights by making known to the
own rights Besides, what is your point of view?

28. Respond to 28.- You maintain control when others make you
the jokes jokes

29. Avoid the

29.- You stay out of situations that you
problems with the
they can cause problems
others

30. Do not enter 30.- You find other ways to solve situations.
fights difficult without having to fight

31. Formulate a 31.- You tell others clearly, but not with
GROUP V: complaint anger, when they have done something you don't like
SKILLS
TO DO 32. Respond to 32.- You try to listen to others and respond
a complaint impartially when they complain about you
PSYCHOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
NRC 12084

IN FRONT OF 33. Demonstrate

STRESS sportsmanship 33.- You express a sincere compliment to others for the
after a the way they have played
game

34. Resolve the 34.- You do something that helps you feel less ashamed.
shame to be less inhibited

To manage 35.- You determine if you have been left out in any way.
when they stop letting him/her activity and then you do something to feel better in
side that situation

36. Defend a 36.- Do you express to others when you feel that a
friend Hasn't the friend been treated fairly?

37.- If someone is trying to convince you of something,

37. Respond to the
you think about that person's position and then about the
persuasion
own before deciding what to do

38. Responder al You are trying to understand the reason why you have
failure failed in a particular situation

To face 39.- You recognize and resolve the confusion it causes you.
the messages when others explain something to you, but they say and
contradictory they make another

40.- Do you understand what and why you have been accused of?
40. Respond to
and then you think about the best way to relate to the
an accusation
person who made the accusation?

41. Prepare for

41.- You plan the best way to present your point of view.
a conversation
view, before a problematic conversation
difficult

42. To face
42. Decide what you want to do when others
the pressures of
they want you to do something different
group
PSYCHOLOGY
Construction of Psychological Instruments
NRC 12084

43. Take 43.- If you feel bored, you try to find something.
initiatives interesting things to do

44. Discern about

44.- If a problem arises, you try to determine what it is.
the cause of a
caused
problem

45. Establish a 45.- Make realistic decisions about what you would like
objective do before starting a task

46. Determine the 46.- Determine realistically how well

GROUP VI:
own skills could you do before starting a task
SKILLS
DE
47. Pick up 47.- You determine what you need to know and how
PLANNING
information to obtain the information

48. Solve the 48.- Determine realistically which of your

problems according to numerous problems is the most important and which
its importance it should be resolved first

49. Take a 49.- You analyze among several possibilities and then you choose the one.
decision what will make you feel better

50. To concentrate 50 - You are able to ignore distractions and only pay attention
in a task Pay attention to what you want to do.
 PSYCHOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
NRC 12084

REFERENCES

Rivas, N. (2002). Social Skills Assessment Scale.

[Link]
SOCIALDATA_PSYCHOMETRY_LIBRARY

Tomas, A. (2019). Manual for grading and diagnosing the checklist of

social skills check-up.

Rodriguez, L., Cacheiro, M. and Gil, J. (2014). Development of social skills

in Mexican high school students through virtual activities in the
Moodle platform. Theory of Education. Education and Culture in Society
of the Information, Volume. 15 (3) 149 – 171.
[Link]