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Understanding Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy focuses on therapy through activity for individuals with physical, psychological, or intellectual disabilities, aiming to enhance their independence and autonomy. The intervention process involves assessment, goal setting, method selection, implementation, and evaluation, with various programs tailored to therapeutic, rehabilitation, educational, and specific needs. Techniques used in occupational therapy include activities like weaving, woodworking, and gardening to improve motor skills and promote rehabilitation.

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16 views33 pages

Understanding Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy focuses on therapy through activity for individuals with physical, psychological, or intellectual disabilities, aiming to enhance their independence and autonomy. The intervention process involves assessment, goal setting, method selection, implementation, and evaluation, with various programs tailored to therapeutic, rehabilitation, educational, and specific needs. Techniques used in occupational therapy include activities like weaving, woodworking, and gardening to improve motor skills and promote rehabilitation.

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OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY

Occupational therapy

Dr. Sghir Mouna


I- Introduction

Definition:
"Ergo" is the Greek root of "ergon" which means activity, work,
work...

Occupational therapy: therapy through activity

They address people:


Suffering from diseases or deficiencies of a somatic nature,
psychic or intellectual
Who have disabilities
In a situation of temporary or permanent disability
I- Introduction
But:
Allow these people to maintain or develop their potential
of independence and autonomy (personal, social, educational or
professional)

She intervenes in the field of rehabilitation and re-adaptation.


and insertion

There is a rapprochement and complementarity between


occupational therapy and physiotherapy
II- Approach and Process
Intervention
The intervention process of the occupational therapist is defined in five

phases:

Initial assessment and diagnostic development


Determination of the objectives to be achieved

Selection of intervention methods


Implementation of the intervention

Intermediate or final evaluation


A. Initial evaluation
Identify the needs and expectations related to the situation of disability

The interview and observation allow to select the


measuring instruments adapted to the situation

Assess the strengths, deficiencies, activity limitations and the


restrictions on participation of individuals

Identify the elements that facilitate or hinder autonomy and


to the independence related to the person and their human environment
and equipment
Initial evaluation

Develop and formulate an occupational therapy diagnosis taking into account

account for the complexity of the disability situation


B. Occupational therapy diagnosis

It is the analysis of the results of these assessments and evaluations that

can develop the occupational therapy assessment

This diagnosis is formulated as a problem situation even


like a set of problems, each justifying the one or the ones
therapeutic interventions, adjustments or compensations
who are implemented in the occupational therapy program
C. Objectives to achieve

These objectives are categorized into four sections:

Objectives taking into account risk factors: focused on ...


sanitary and preventive actions (joint protection...)

Objectives focused on environmental factors

Objectives focused on personal factors: aim to reduce the


disabilities or the increase in performance

Objectives centered on the entity 'individual/environment': modify


habits of life or behaviors, adaptation of
the individual establishes a set of invariable or deemed constraints
as not justifying any modification
D. Intervention Program

Four types of programs are primarily retained:

Therapeutic programs

[Link] and reintegration programs

[Link] programs

4. Specific services (outside the health fields or


medical-social
Therapeutic programs

The activity analysis focuses on the components:


Motor: segmental mobility and neuromotor aspect
Sensitive, sensory, cognitive and psycho-dynamic

Occupational therapists have thus utilized the derived components of


certain crafts but also playful and creative activities

Certain therapeutic actions are carried out directly on the


patient: orthopedic appliance acts and postural aids
(neurology, geriatrics) aging adaptation (primarily in the
children with progressive or degenerative conditions): requires
regular monitoring and adaptation to the stage of the disease.
2. Rehabilitation programs and
reintegration

Present multiple aspects depending on the person's life context.


concerned and especially according to her life project:

Re-training of independence activities:


is carried out based on concrete practical situations:

Sessions where transfers, personal hygiene, dressing, and functions


Food items are first tested and then trained.
Primarily done in geriatrics, awakening from a coma, in pathology
neurological
Rehabilitation programs and
reintegration

These training sessions can be:


Stimulate the resumption of these activities without modification of their
procedure for implementation (geriatrics, awakening from coma, difficulty
motor: neurological pathology

Situation set up integrating either an implementation instruction


specific patient dressing techniques
hemiplegic) is a technical aid that helps to compensate for
a temporary or permanent disability (technical aids for
the clothing or at the meal
Rehabilitation programs and
reinsertion

Setting up more complex activity situations:


Completion of household tasks (preparation of a meal of a
sequenced task

The mastery of a sequenced task and logical sequences:


to check the transport schedules, to choose one based on
with a predefined purpose, use it or look for offers
employment, driving...
Rehabilitation programs and
reintegration

Study of the school or work situation: It is initiated in the


healthcare or medico-social facilities where the patients stay
patients (special education services and home care

Layout of living spaces: personalized study of housing


more precisely to define the areas at security risk are
frequently the source of significant activity limitations
Educational programs

The essence of the participation of the occupational therapist relies on the implementation

in the situation of exploiting newly acquired data

It can strengthen the assessment of problematic situations and thus


better adapt the proposed educational solutions: example:
verbal sequencing of a task to be performed.
4. Specific programs

The field of expertise is part of these growing services.


constant

This involves associating a specialized occupational therapist with the evaluation of


bodily injury resulting from a situation relating to either a
legal support or a strong involvement of a regime
insurance

It must allow for the development of proposals in the area of


compensation for development.
III-Intervention Sectors

Interventions in the context of rehabilitation care facilities.


rehabilitation

Mental health interventions: psychiatry

Interventions with children and adolescents

Geriatric interventions

Interventions in medical-social structures


1. Interventions in the context of
follow-up and rehabilitation care structures

The most monitored population in occupational therapy has conditions.

central or peripheral neurological, then come equally


rheumatic pathologies and the consequences of injuries
traumatic

Many therapeutic apartments are being developed in


rehabilitation centers: what allows for a confrontation
controlled by reality and potential future difficulties
2. Mental health interventions

Patients in psychiatry benefit from a care program


psychotherapeutic through therapeutic activity mediation

They are included in: - one or more therapeutic workshops at


a daily rhythm, or more spaced out, or even time-limited
whose purpose is the search for a professional outlet

Therapeutic apartments that serve as a relay in the


self-research

Associative apartments and community houses that


allow for social reintegration
3. Interventions with children and
of adolescents
Population: especially children with brain injuries, CP

Rehabilitative interventions: rehabilitation technique


neuromotor, gesture efficiency research, rehabilitation of
cognitive troubles such as dyspraxia, orientation difficulties or
memory deficits but also focused on support for life
school and social
3. Interventions with children and
teenagers

Development of practical life workshops seeking to confront


the child has a maximum of everyday life situations for
improve one's independence and will train for eventual use
of aid techniques

School space layouts

Acquisition of suitable communication techniques


4. Interventions in geriatrics

The intervention took place in structures and establishments.


welcoming the elderly

Geriatric medicine and care unit: rehabilitation and


training for the resumption of independence activities: assistance to
adapted movements, ergonomic design of spaces
sanitaire, chambre, cuisine,

Long-term care unit: people undergoing treatment


extended: outdoor outing, meal preparation...

Retirement home: maintaining functional and relational skills


The physiotherapy approach in
occupational therapy
IV-Occupational therapy techniques

The nodes:
The work is two-handed and requires simultaneous movements.
symmetrical

The patient performs different types of knots to achieve some


belt bags
The knot is tight during arm abduction, an external rotation of the shoulders,

movements of the elbow, wrists, and fingers


IV-Occupational Therapy Techniques

Basketry:
. This activity allows you to recover shoulder muscle strength.
by loosening the joints, to strengthen the muscles of the
pronation-supination and engage the flexor and extensor muscles of the upper limbs and
those who intervene in thumb opposition

. It can be offered in all phases of rehabilitation.


injured from traumatic or neurological origin
IV-Occupational Therapy Techniques

Weaving:
. The technique requires bimanual dexterity and movements
multangular

. Moving the chain is done by the forearm, the hand, the knee, the shoulder.
or the foot

. Passing the shuttle requires some skill and good strength.


to the supporting member

. Tighten the fabric with the comb using your hands


IV-Occupational therapy techniques

Bead weaving

. For decoration or to make fake jewelry

. The patient must follow a sequence of size and color of


pearls
IV-Occupational Therapy Techniques

Woodwork:
. It can be cut with a handsaw or a saw that can
to have a pedal or electric command

. With the hand saw, the work is done standing, the sawing is vertical.
oblique or horizontal

. It could involve other woodworking activities with different


instruments: martelage, rabottage, forage, enclouage, ponçage
IV-Occupational therapy techniques

Pottery:
. It is done by hand or with a manually controlled lathe or
electric
. We use synthetic material or earth.

Gardening:
. Allows practicing outdoor exercises
. It is useful for the work of the MS, MI and the core.
. It is necessary to adapt the exercises and tools according to the pathology.
and of the physical state
IV-Occupational therapy techniques

Other techniques:
. Fabrication of stabilization and correction orthoses

. Adaptations of amputees to their prostheses, especially for the upper limbs.


research and development of motor points for prosthetics
myoelectric

. The painting, the cooking workshop, the leatherwork

. The making of puzzles and discussion circles

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