A basin of 283 m3 (10,000 ft3) must be aerated with six sprinklers, each sprinkler uses air.

in the range of 7.08E-3 m2/s.

If the wastewater is at 283 K, it initially contains a dissolved oxygen level of 5E-3.

mmol/L and fills the basin to a depth of 4.55 m, it is aerated for 9000 s, the level is evaluated
dissolved oxygen. The content of dissolved solids will be low because of Henry's law
obeyed, with Henry's law constant of 3.27E4 atm/mol.
2. A ozone bubbling system, O3, has been proposed for a water treatment plant. The water
the incoming is a pond of 80 m3 that has been stripped of all the substances required by ozone, and
the pH is low enough for decomposition to be insignificant. The ozone bubbler
it will have 8 sprayers, each using a compressed gas supply that contains 4% in
moles of ozone. The sprinklers will be located 3.2 m below the surface of the pond and the
The gas rate for each sprinkler will be 17.8 m3/h. The constant of Henry's law for the system of
ozone-water will be 0.0677 atm/(mol/m3).

a) use the Eckenfelder diagram for the oxygen transfer factor, kl (A/V), and evaluate
the kl (a/V), for ozone, remembering that the penetration theory predicts, for the transfer
of gas bubble mass within liquids, where kl(A/V) will be proportional to the diffusivity
liquid raised to the power of ½. The diffusivity of oxygen in water is 2.14E-5 cm²/s and the
The diffusivity of ozone in water is 1.7E-5 cm2/s.

b) calculate the time required to initially raise the ozone free of water in the pond to a
concentration level of 0.15 mol/m3.
3. a basin of 425 m3 (15000 ft3) full of wastewater must be aerated with 10 sprayers,
Each sprayer uses an air amount of 7.08E-3 m2/s. Find the time that is necessary.
to increase the dissolved oxygen level in the wastewater from 8E-2 to 2E-1 mmol/L if the
water temperature of 283 K and the depth of the water above the sprinklers is 3.2 m.
the dissolved solids will be low enough for Henry's law to be obeyed, with a
Henry's law constant of 3.27E4 atm/mol.
4. A basin of 425 m3 (15000 ft3) equipped with 10 gas dispersers of a new design must
to install for cleaning sulfuric acid, H2S, from wastewater. The dispersers, each uses
air to a cup of 7.08E-3 m3/s, will be located at a depth of 3.2 m (10.5 ft) below
the surface of the liquid. A preliminary analysis of the wastewater at 283 K indicates a
H2S concentration of 0.0 mmol/L.

In a pilot study of the proposed new disperser, the designated flow cup is
7.08E-3 m3/s was discharged from a single diffuser located 3-2 m below the surface
of water held in a 28.3-m3 (1000-ft3) tank. This water was kept at 283 K. After
4 hours of aeration. The concentration of dissolved oxygen increased from 0.04 to 0.25 mmol/L.
Based on this pilot research, determine:

a) The oxygen KLa for this new disperser when operated 3.2 m below the
surface of the liquid with the air flow rate of 7.08E-3 m3/s at 283 K, the law of the constant of
Henry for the oxygen-water system is 3.27E4 atm/mol fraction.

b) the KLa for H2S for this new disperser when operated 3.2 m below the
surface of the liquid with an air flow rate of 7.08E-3 m3/s. If the model of the theory of the
penetration remains, the capacity coefficient, KLa, is proportional to the diffusivity of the
mass is raised to the power of ½. The diffusivity of liquid oxygen in water at 283 K is 2.14E-
5 cm2/s and H2S in water at 283 K is 1.4-5 cm2/S

c) the concentration of H2S in the basin of 425 m3 after 4 hours of operation if the
The initial concentration of H2S in the wastewater is 0.3 mmol/L. The Henry's constant for
The H2S-water system at 283 K is 0.0367E4 atm/mol fraction.
[Link] escape stream coming from a semiconductor manufacturing plant contains 4%
mole of volatile organic chemical, VOC, contaminant. 25 m3/min enter the bottom of a tower
of absorption and flows countercurrent to a VOC that was fed at the top of the
tower.
At the given temperature and pressure of the system, the equilibrium of the system will obey Henry's law.
represented by

YVOC = 0.236X VOC

a) determine the moles of solvent required per mole of VOC free of carrier gas if the current
the existing gas contains only 0.2 mol% VOC and if 1.5 times the minimum solvent is used.

B) determine the composition in ml fraction of the outflow liquid.

6. It is desired to remove trichloroethylene, O2HCL3, from a contaminated groundwater stream.
it will be treated with a diluted water flow that will be fed into the top of the tower
a 288 K and 1.013E5 Pa. An air current, flowing countercurrent to the water current,
reduce the TCE concentration from 40 to 5 mg/L. At a temperature of 288 K, the Henry's constant for
The TCE-air system is 11.7E-3 atm/(mol/m3)

a) determine the moles of groundwater per mole of air if 3 times the minimum air flow
is used.

b) determine the concentration of the air current that exits

The problem absorber 31.5 would have been excessively high; therefore, they are being
Considering various schemes to use 2 small absorbers side by side. To make a
freehand drawings of the operation diagrams, showing the operation line for each
tower and the equilibrium line with respect to the operating lines, for each scheme. Indicate, in
general, where the concentrations of each current will be with respect to the other, but not
calculate the current concentration.
8. Another designer was asked to propose a design for the release of a contaminant.
from a liquid solution. He decided to use the same schemes of 2 towers side by side as
They are shown in problem 31.7. Manually create the operation diagrams showing the line of
operation for each tower and the balance line with respect to the operation lines, for each
scheme. Indicate, in general, where the concentrations of each current will be with
regarding the other one, but do not calculate the current concentration.
An unabsorber is being used by an industrial company as a gas scrubber.
air-ammonia mixture contains 5mol% of NH3, it is extracted through the countercurrent tower
to a flow of water initially of ammonia. The flow rate of the incoming gas is
136 mol/m2. The input of amine-free water is 3.4 kg/m3*s. at the temperature and pressure
of the absorber. The equilibrium concentrations are related by:

ynh3=1.075 xnh3

if the gas outlet stream contains only 0.2 mol % ammonia, determine

a) the composition of the outlet liquid current.

b) the real ls/Gs ratio is greater than the minimum ls/Gs

c) the composition of the liquid current that flows through the gas when the gas mixture contains 2%
mole of ammonia.
10. The absorber used in problem 31.9 is now going to be used by the same company.
industrial to reduce a diluted ammonia mixture in air of 4.93 mol % of NH3 to the desired one
0.2 mol % NH3. The inlet gas velocity will be 136 mol/m2*s and the inlet flow of
NH3 free of water will flow countercurrently to the ascending gas flow, flowing to a
relationship where the Ls/Gs real is 1.4 times the minimum Ls/Gs. At that flow rate, the total transfer
of mass, KYa, is estimated to be equal to 107 mol/m2*s*deltaYa. At the temperature and pressure of
absorber, the equilibrium concentrations are related by

ynh3 = 1.075x nh3

determine

a) Kg of ammonia absorbed per second per square meter of cross-sectional area.

b) the height of the packing required for the absorption process.

11. A scheme for the removal of H2S from a gas stream by water washing at 293 K and
1.013E5 Pa is being considered. The liquid will initially contain 3.7 mol % H2S. It is desired that
the gas outlet stream contains only 0.2 mol % of H2S. The absorbing water will enter the
top part of the tower that is free of H2S. at the temperature and pressure of the system. The
The equilibrium of H2S-water will obey Henry's law according to the following relationship:

Yh2s= 48.3 X h2s

a) for a countercurrent absorber, determine the moles of water that are required by
mole of free H2S transport gas if 1.5 times the minimum ratio will be used.

b) determine the composition of the outgoing liquid.

12. Benzene released from coal gas in a scrubber is recovered by passing the solution
benzene - washing oil at traces of a tower in contact with steam. The liquid stream of
The feed contains 7 mol% benzene and the vapor is free of benzene. It is desired to recover 85% of the
benzene using a vapor speed 1.4 times the minimum vapor. A stream of oil
6.94 mol/s washing will be used. Determine the required moles of steam if

a) a countercurrent tower is used

a parallel current tower is used

The equilibrium data for the benzene-wash oil-vapor system are as follows
An adsorber must be designed to remove a VOC contaminant from a gas stream.
From the escape. Fifteen cubic meters per minute of gas at 289 K and 1 atm containing 5.0 mol% VOC
feeding the bottom of the absorption tower. A solvent stream free of...
VOC at the top of the tower, the concentration is reduced to 0.3 mol %. The current of
Solvent from the tower contains 3.65 mol% VOC. With the current flow rates.
specified, the total mass transfer capacity coefficient, KYa, is equal to 52.0
mol/s*m2*delta Ya. The cross-sectional area of the tower is 0.2 m2. At 298 K, the system
equilibrium for the VOC-solvent can be represented by

YA=0.8XA

Determine the height of the tower

A tower with a diameter of 15 cm will be used for ammonia, NH3, for a gas stream of
a concentration of 3.6 to 0.3 mol%. Water is fed at the top of the tower to a
speed of 14.5 mol/s and the gas flow will be fed at the bottom at a speed of 8
mol/s. The tower operates isothermally at 293 K and 1 atm. The overall heat transfer coefficient of
mass, KYa, can be assumed equal to 71 mol/m2*s*delta YA.

The equilibrium data at 293 K are as follows:

Evaluate:
a) the relationship (LS/GS) real / (LS/GS) minimum

b) The height of the required tower, by graphical integration.

A tower with a diameter of 15 cm will be used to reduce the concentration of ammonia in a
gas flow of 3.6 to 0.3 mol%. Water is fed at the top of the tower at a rate
of 14.5 mol/s and the gas flow is fed into the system at a rate of 8 mol/s. The tower
It operates isothermally at 293 K and 1 atm. The total capacity coefficient is 71 mol/m2.

The equilibrium data is as follows.

Determine the height of the tower using the modified equation (31-34)

Calculate the real Ls/Gs ratio between Ls/Gs min

A mass transfer tower will be designed to reduce a VOC concentration of
0.0394 to 0.0131 mgmol/L. 5 million gallons per hour of wastewater will be fed into the tower
0.6 m in diameter, against a flow of extraction air that will enter the tower
free of any VOC. If a volumetric flow QL (m3/h) at a gas flow G (mol/h) of 1.5 is used, the
The mass transfer capacity coefficient, KLa, will be equal to 0.01/s.

The equilibrium data at the temperature and pressure of the tower are:

Determine:

the minimum gas flow that could be used.

the height of the tower.

The absorption of water in sulfuric acid is an exothermic process. Describe the effect that
would have at the height of the mana transfer column compared to the height if it
assume isothermal conditions.

18. An absorber must be designed to reduce the concentration level of a contaminant.

mercaptan in an exhaust stream from 5 to 0.3 mol% in moles. A solvent stream not
volatile, mercaptan-free fed at the top of the tower and will flow countercurrent
a 0.236 m3/s of an exhaust gas flow. The tower operates at 293 K and 1 atm. In this
under the conditions, the equilibrium data for the mercaptan-solvent system are as follows:

Determine the required packing height if the solvent leaves at the bottom of the tower.
containing 3.05 mol% of mercaptan, the overall mass transfer coefficient, KYa, is equal
40 mol/m2*s*delta Ya, and the cross-sectional area is 0.2 m2.
19. A packed absorber at a height of 4.5 m with 1 inch. Rasching has been designed for
reduce the concentration level of a mercaptan contaminant in an exhaust stream of 5
a 0.3 mol%. A stream of non-volatile solvent, free of mercaptan, will be fed into the
the top of the tower and will flow countercurrent at 0.236 m3/s of the exhaust gas flow.
The solvent leaves 3.05 mol% of mercaptan at the pressure and temperature of
the tower, 293 K and 1 atm, the equilibrium data for the mercaptan-solvent system are
following:

Determine the diameter of the tower if the pressure drop of the gas inside the packaging is limited to
300 N/m3 of packaging. The gas enters the tower with an average molecular weight of 30.1 and the stream
Liquid that comes out of the bottom of the tower has an average molecular weight of 180, a gravity
specific gravity of 0.81 and a viscosity of 3.9 E-3 Pa*s
20. An absorber must be designed to reduce a process exhaust gas, containing
initially 12.5% to 0.4% of HCl by volume. HCl-free water at 293 K and 1 atm will be supplied
at the top of a packed column of 0.6 m in diameter, flowing in
countercurrent to the rising gas flow. Preliminary design calculations indicate that
The real Ls/Gs must be 1.64 times the minimum Ls/Gs. With these flows, the coefficient of
global transfer of mansa, KGa, can be taken as 8.8 kgmol/m3*s*Pa.

The equilibrium relationship for the HCl solution in water at 293 K is given by the following data:
Determine:

a) the percentage of HCl to be removed by the absorption process.

b) the concentration of the output current of the acid

c) If 5 m3/min of process exhaust gas, measured at 293 K and 1 atm, is blown into the tower,
determine the height of the ceramic packing required in the absorber.