INTRODUCTION

Horticulture is the branch of the

agriculture that deals with crops of
vegetables or greens.
Vegetables are herbaceous plants.
with parts groceries for the
human nutrition.
Horticulture.

Horticulture is a branch of agriculture that focuses on

object study all existing vegetables and that
they contribute to human nutrition.
Deriva of Hortal = garden and culture = cultivation.

Horticulture is the part of herbiculture that deals with

cultivation and production of those plant species
intended for human consumption, originally fresh and
to supply the canning and freezing industry of
a wide range of vegetables.
DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE

Currently, many botanists consider that horticulture

understands the cultivation of:
❑Vegetables (Olericulture).
❑ Fruit trees (Fruit growing).
❑Ornamental plants.

DIVISION OF VEGETABLES

Vegetables are divided into:

1. Legumes.- Species that we use in the
feeding the pods and seeds e.g. Broad bean (Vicia faba), etc.
2. Vegetables.- Species from which we make use of the leaves,
roots, stems, flowers, etc. Ex. Onion (Allium cepa), etc.
 IMPORTANCE OF THE
Vegetables

Vegetables have a high

content of vitamins, proteins and
minerals that our body needs
body to stay healthy and
strong, andthat they are easy to produce,
cultivating on small areas
called gardens.
 IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCTION
Vegetables

❑Nutritional Importance of Vegetables

❑ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCTION OF
Vegetables
❑AGRICULTURAL IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCTION
VEGETABLES
❑IMPORTANCE OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN
RURAL AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES.
The following classification is given:
1. ALPHABETICAL CLASSIFICATION.- This classification is only used in the edition
from books, magazines, etc.
2 CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES BY THE AMOUNT OF NUTRITIONAL PRINCIPLES
WHAT THEY CONTAIN.

According to the content of nutritious food they have, they are classified into groups
following:
a) Starchy vegetables.-These are those that have a high starch content.
starch. Example: Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), smooth potato (Ullucus tuberosus), isano or
mashed (Tropaeolum tuberosum), cassava (Manihot utilissima), potato,
(Solanum spp), etc.

b) Potassium or root vegetables.- They are vegetables that have high

potassium content. E.g. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), carrot
["Carrot (Daucus carota)","Turnip (Brassica rapa or B. napus)","Radish (Raphanus sativus)"]
turnips (Brassica)
campestris napu-brassica), etc.

c) Nitrogenous vegetables.-e.g. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus), cardoon (Cynara)

cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
cabbages, etc.
cPhosphoric vegetables or legumes: E.g. Fava bean, pea or green pea (Pisum)
sativum), bean (Phaseolus spp.), etc.

d) Sweet or fruit vegetables: e.g. watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris), melon (Cucumis)

melon, strawberry (Fragaria spp.), sugar beet, yacón (Polinia edulis)
franbueza(Rubus idaeus),zarzamora(Rubus thyrzoideus),maracuyá(Pasiflora
{"edulis":"edulis","tumbo":"tumbo","locosti":"locosti"}
stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), etc.
.
e) Saline or mucilaginous vegetables: e.g. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa), escarole
(Cichorium endivia), watercress (Nasturtium officinale), spinach, purslane (Portulaca)
leafy vegetable), chard (Beta vulgaris cicla), etc.

f) Acid vegetables: e.g. Tomato (Lycopersicum sculentum), salsify (Tragopogon)

porrifolius), rhubarb (Rheum hibridum), watercress, sour cabbages, sorrel (Rumex
fatty), Alquequenje (Physalis pubescens), thousand tomato (Physalis ixocarpa)
etc.

g) Condiment vegetables: e.g. Parsley (Petroselinum sativum or P. crispum),

oregano or marjoram (Origanum majorana or O. vulgare), onion, garlic (Allium)
sativum), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), perifolio (Scandix cerefolium),
alcaparro(Capparis spinosa), estragón(Artemisia dracumculus),espliego
(Lavandula spica), huacatea (Tagetes madonii), quirquiña (Porophyllum
rural), cuminCuminum cyminum), carawayCarum carvi), etc.
 i) Vegetables of essences or special oils: e.g. Chamomile
["chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)","lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)","mint (Mentha)"]
["peppermint","anise","dill","cedar"]
(Aloysia citriodora), lemongrass or Lemon Verbena (Cymbopogon citratus), etc.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES BY GROWTH HABIT.

It is important to understand the growth habit of all vegetables, for the

determination of density and planting distances, as well as to carry out the tasks
cultural, in this way, vegetables are divided into:
a) Climbing vegetables:
❑ Climbing plants.-Stem that spirals around neighboring objects.
tropisms), that is, rolled in a helix, which can be:

❑ Dextrorotatory or right-handed. They coil to the right. E.g. Bean (Phaseolus spp),
["bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)","scammony (Convolvulus scammonia)"]

❑ Left-handed winding..-Which coils to the left. Ex. Hops (Humulus

lúpulus), campanilla (Hipomea acuminata), camote (Ipomoea batata), jalapa
(Exogonium purga), etc.

❑ Earrings.- They pierce through earrings, they can be:

▪ Cauline tendrils.- Ex. Cucurbitaceae, tumbo, passion fruit, locosti, etc.

•Leaf tendrils.- Ex. Pea, heel or sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus).
b) Non-climbing vegetables:

❑ Erect.- That is, upright plants. E.g. Artichoke, cassava, corn (Zea)
mays), etc.
❑ Low-growing plants.- Ex. Strawberry (Fragaria spp).
❑ Decumbent.- Leaning or mainly of the stems not upright.
For example, carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), tomato, goldenberry which is a
nightshades, tomatillo.
4. CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES ACCORDING TO REPRODUCTION:

a) Sexual or by seed.
b) Asexual or vegetative reproduction

5. CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES BY THE PROPAGATION ORGAN.

a) By runners. Example: Strawberry, mint (Mentha viridis), mint

(Peppermint), lemon balm.
b) By offshoots.- Ex. Artichoke, strawberry, tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa).
c) By gemmiferous roots.- e.g. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yacon, ajipa
(Pachyrrhizus ahipa), dalia (Dalhia variabilis).
d) By bulbs.- Ex. Garlic, onion (for seed production), saffron
(Crocus sativus).
e) By aerial stems.- Ex. Sweet potato, thyme (Thymus vulgaris), sage (Salvia
officinalis), oregano (Origanum vulgare), tomato, cassava, chia (Salvia
Hispanic), etc.
f) By means of rhizomes.- Ex. Achira (Canna edulis), Yautía (Xanthosoma)
saggitifolium), malanga (Colocasia esculenta), ginger (Zingiber officinalis).
g) By tubers.- E.g. Oca, smooth potato, mashua or isaño, etc.
6. CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES BY THE ORGAN THAT IS CONSUMED:

a) Vegetables whose leaves are consumed. - e.g. Lettuce, Swiss chard, escarole or
endive, spinach.
b) Vegetables whose leaves and stems are consumed. - Ex. Cabbage (Brassica
cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata), Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera).
c) Vegetables whose stems are consumed. - E.g. Asparagus (Asparagus
official), colinaba (Brassica oleracea Vd. Caulo-rapa), palm heart or saraya
(Euroteper edulis), etc.
d) Vegetables whose fruits are consumed. - e.g. Tomato, Squash (Cucurbita)
maximum), watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris), paprika, etc.
e) Vegetables whose roots are consumed. -Ex. Carrot, Beetroot, Maca
(Lepidium meyenii), etc.
f) Vegetables whose seeds are consumed. - e.g., Pea, broad bean, bean, etc.
g) Vegetables from which tubers are consumed. - E.g. Oca, potato, mashua, etc.
h) Vegetables that are consumed in bulb form. - E.g. Onion, garlic, leek, etc.
i) Vegetables whose rhizomes are consumed. - E.g. Achira, malanga or
gualusa, yautía or Japanese gualusa, arracacha (Arracasia xanthorriza), etc.
j) Vegetables whose inflorescences are consumed. - e.g. Cauliflower (Brassica
cabbage (Brassica oleracea Vd Botrytis), broccoli or broccol (Brassica oleracea Vd. Cymosa).
k) Vegetables whose receptacle is consumed. - Ex. Strawberry.
l) Vegetables whose pods are consumed. - E.g. Bean, pea, etc.
m) Vegetables whose bracts are consumed. - e.g. Artichoke.
 7.- CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES BY THEIR LONGEVITY:

a) Annuals.- Ex. Lettuce, cauliflower, radish, etc.

b) Biennials.- Ex. Carrot, beet, etc.
c) Polyennials.- e.g. Artichoke, asparagus, etc.

Perennial vegetables include:

❑ Monocarpic.- It blooms only once. E.g. Maguey (Agave americana), it does not
it has a monocarpic vegetable.

❑ Policarpic plants.- After 2 to 3 years, they bloom every year. Example: Artichoke.
asparagus, rhubarb, etc.

❑ Vivacious.- When the plant repeatedly forms the leaf part (that is, several times)
sometimes it blooms and bears fruit). E.g. garlic, onion, strawberry, etc.
[Link] OF VEGETABLES BY USE:
a) Salad vegetables. - Ex. Lettuce, chard, onion, tomato, etc.

b) Cooking vegetables.-Ex. Beet, turnip, potato, etc.

c) Industrial vegetables - e.g. Garlic (for cosmetic products), strawberr

(canning), dill, kirusilla (Gunnera apiculata), mint (for the
obtaining menthol), etc.

d) Therapeutic vegetables.- Lemon balm, anise, paico (Chenopodium

ambrozoides), chamomile, etc.
9. CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES ACCORDING TO THE CLIMATE IN WHICH THEY ARE CULTIVATED
OR ACCORDING TO ITS ADAPTATION TO COLD OR HEAT:

a) Cold-season vegetables:

❑ Cold-resistant plants. - Ex. Maca, nasturtium (Lepidium sativus), broccoli, cabbage

from Brussels, colinaba, colinabo, turnip, radish, garlic, lettuce, etc.
❑ Semi-resistant to cold season.-E.g. Beetroot, chard, cauliflower, carrot,
onion, celery (Apium graveolens), etc.

b) Warm season vegetables:

❑ Semi-resistant to warm season.- E.g. Tomato, corn, cucumber (Cucumis)

sativus), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), strawberry, artichoke, etc.
❑ Resistant to warm season.-E.g. Bell pepper, eggplant, melon (Cucumis)
melon), watermelon.

10. CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES ACCORDING TO THEIR HANDLING:

a) Perishables.- e.g. Lettuce, escarole, chard, parsley, etc.

b) Storable.- Eg. Oca, potato, squash, lacayote (Cucurbita ficifolia), etc.

[Link] CLASSIFICATION.-

Está basada en las características agrícolas o por la similitud de cultivo. De hecho,

this classification is more or less based on the similarity of the methods
crop, and the following classification is given:
a) Cabbage cultivation. - e.g. Cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, etc.

b) Cultivation of salad vegetables.- e.g. Lettuce, escarole, spinach, etc.

c) Root vegetable cultivation.- e.g. Beetroot, Rutabaga or Swede (Brassica
campestris Vd. Napo-brassica.
d) Cultivation of tubers.- e.g. Oca, potato, smooth potato, isaño, etc.

e) Cultivation of bulb vegetables.- E.g. Onion, garlic, leek (Allium porrum), etc.
f) Cultivation of rhizomes. - Ex. Achira, malanga, yautía, arracacha, etc.

g) Cultivation of cucurbits. - Ex. Lacayote, squash, cucumber, melon, etc.

h) Cultivation of nightshades - Tomato, bell pepper, eggplant, etc.

i) Cultivation of legumes. - E.g. Peas, beans, broad beans, etc.

j) Cultivation of perennial vegetables.-E.g. Asparagus, rhubarb (Rheum hybridum),

k) artichoke, etc.
k) Cultivation of cassava.
12. CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES ACCORDING TO MOISTURE OF THE
SEEDS:

a) Vegetables from wet seeds.- E.g. Cucurbits, nightshades, etc.

b) Dried seed vegetables.- E.g. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) or (Hibiscus
esculentus), broad bean, pea, lentil, etc.

13. CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES ACCORDING TO PHOTOPERIOD OR

DAY LENGTH:

The photoperiod or the duration of daylight influences:

❑ The duration of the growth period.

❑ The type of development.
❑ And in the ripening time of some horticultural crops

The best examples of light-sensitive plants are:

Spinach, potato, tomato, onion, cucumber, etc.
According to the photoperiod, vegetables are classified as:

a) Short day vegetables.- E.g. Garlic, oca, chard (also intermediate), potato
European, bean, zucchini, celery, lettuce, carnation, peppers, etc.
b) Long-day vegetables.- E.g. Broad bean, pea, potato (Solanum andigenum),
beet, gladiolus (Gladiolus spp), etc.
c) Neutral vegetables.-Ex. Artichoke, escarole, carrot, tomato, Swiss chard, etc.

[Link] OF VEGETABLES ACCORDING TO POLLINATION:

a) Cross-pollinated vegetables (allogamous plants). - E.g. Beetroot

(chenopodiaceae), watermelon (cucurbitaceae), cabbage (cruciferae).

b) Self-pollinating vegetables (belong to self-fertilizing plants).- E.g. Pea,

bean, broad bean (legumes), tomato (nightshades)
15. CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES BY THE
SOIL REACTION BEHAVIOR (pH).

a) Species sensitive to soil acidity.- E.g. Beetroot,

Swiss chard, spinach, etc.

b) Vegetables sensitive to soil alkalinity.- Cabbage,

cauliflower, broccoli, etc.
16. SCIENTIFIC OR INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE
VEGETABLES.
All vegetables belong to:

a) Division or Phylum SPERMATOPHYTES OR ANGIOSPERMS OR ANTHOPHYTES, (that is,

plants with true seeds or plants that present: Leaves, stems, roots,
flowers, fruits, and seed.

b) Subdivision or Sub-phylum ANGIOSPERMS, (plants that have ovules in a

carpel or ovary, that is, vegetables that have the seeds enclosed in a
container called ovary.

c) Classes:

❑ Class I Monocots
❑ Class II Dicotyledons.

This classification is based on whether they have one or two seed leaves respectively or
sea cotyledons.

d) Families.- Vegetables can be classified into the following families:

MONOCOTYLEDONS:

❑ Liliaceae family - Examples: Onion, garlic, leek, asparagus

shallot (Allium ascalonicum), chives (Allium)
chives (Allium schoenoprasum), scallion (Allium fistulosum), etc.
❑ Araceae Family - Example: Malanga, yautía, etc.
❑ Family Dioscoraceae. - Example Yams (Dioscorea alata or D.
sweet potato or D. bulbifera
❑Cannaceae family.- Ex. Achira.
DICOTYLEDONS:
❑ Solanaceae family.- E.g. Tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, potato, etc.
❑ Cucurbitaceae Family.- E.g. Melon, pumpkin, lacayote, etc.
❑ Leguminosae or Papilionaceae family - Bean, pea, etc.
❑ Cruciferous family. - Example: Cabbage, cauliflower, radish, watercress, etc.
❑ Familia Quenopodiaceae.- Ej. Remolacha, acelga, espinaca, pincho (Salsola
madi), yuyo (Chenopodium album), cachiyuyo (Chenopodium murale),
paico (Chenopodium ambrozoides), cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule)
etc.
❑ Compositae Family.- Lettuce, escarole, artichoke, chicory or endive
(Cichorium inthyvus), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), tarragon, huacatea
small girl, etc.
❑ Umbelliferae Family.- Ex. Carrot, celery, parsley, fennel (Foeniculum
caraway, angelica (Angelica archangelica), etc.
❑ Rosaceae family - Example: Strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, etc.
 I. CLASSIFICATION OF
Vegetables
BOTANY:
Compositae :Lechuga, Achicoria, alcachofa
Cruciferae: White cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, Chinese cabbage
cauliflower, turnip, etc.
Cucurbitaceae :Calabaza, sandía, zapallo,melón,etc
Leguminosae :Habas, frijol, arveja verde, etc
Liliaceae :Espárrago, cebolla bulbo, yuca, ajo, poro, etc.
Solanaceae: Tomato, pepper, etc.
Umbelliferae: celery, turnip, carrot, arracacha, etc.
 ACCORDING TO ITS PARTS
FOOD ITEMS
Roots:

Stems:
Bulbs

Leaves and Foliage

Flowers

Fruits
Seeds
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION

•Climate: There are vegetables for cold, temperate, and

warm, in relation to the temperature of the environment.
Se pueden adapt to the different seasons, and
They can be short day, long day, neutral. o
indifferent.

Soil: There are Franco, Franco-Sandy vegetables.

the Franco Clay soils, and others adapt to soils
Mud or Sandy

Plant characteristics
 II. CLIMATE AND SOIL
CLIMA:
The climate and the soil largely determine the
adaptability of vegetables.
Most vegetables grow well in climates
with average temperatures between 10 and 30°C.

SOIL:
Most vegetables adapt well to soils
Francosy Franco Limosos, with the exception of the asparagus.
What do you prefer: Franco, Franco-sandy, and Sandy?
• The optimal development of vegetables depends on pH.
from the ground, which can be from 5 to 7.
 III. PLANNING FOR
INSTALLATION OF THE GARDEN

The planning from the garden of

vegetables are the basis of your success. It includes
the following aspects:
CROP PLAN

CROP SYSTEM

PRODUCTION PLAN
Crop plan:Vegetables can be
cultivar under the conditions adequate of climate and
floor, andthat are considered more profitable.

Crop system:In the vegetable gardens

only monoculture is practiced, which results in a
diminishing returns the main cause is the
multiplication ,of fungi, bacteria, parasites,
l
also the low price of the product, affecting the
economic performance. To avoid this, the
crop rotation system, intercropped crops or
associates.
 Production plan: Establish a
production plan is considered feasible
establish ,4 different crops that are
adapt to the region and, that they are the most
profitable
.
IV. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
GARDEN:

Location of the garden:

It must have water availability, it must be a nearly flat place,
the soil must be loamy or of good earth, it must be fenced
to prevent the entry of animals and also to prevent theft.
Must be close to the residence for supervision reasons and
surveillance, also near consumer markets, to the
suppliers of supplies third yparty services.
Having good roads for the entry of supplies and the
exit of horticultural products to consumption markets,
because most vegetables are perishable
Design of the garden:
Main Road
Secondary Path
Pistachio trees
Compost area and trash pit
Windbreaker curtain.
Space for animals (chickens, guinea pigs, etc)
Lockable storage for pesticides.
• Fertilizer, supplies, tools storage.
• Classification and packaging area.
• Utensils for washing vegetables.
• Area of perennial crops, aromatic plants.
Protection of the garden:
In order to protect the
animal farming
it can be wired the
land, this can be
to do in many ways and
with available materials
in the region, in some
cases can be combined
the wire with curtain
windbreaker.
SOIL PREPARATION

Land clearing,
removal of stones,
bottles, etc.
Land leveling
• Deep plowing, for
breaking hard shells
Drainage installation,
terraces and works of
conservation.
Soil preparation
it repeats for each
I cultivate and carry out the
following operations:
Adjustment of the acidity of the
earth
Application of fertilizers
organic
Primary tillage and
middle school
Disinfection of the soil.
 V. PREPARATION OF
PROPAGATION MATERIAL

• Obtaining
seed
• Obtainment of
vegetative material.
• Disinfection of
material
• Classification of
seeds
 VI: SOWING or
IMPLEMENTATION
Direct seeding
Sowing in seedbeds
Sowing of Material
Vegetative
VII. CROP MANAGEMENT

Weed control
• Density control
• Padding and cushioning
• Growth control
• Water control
• Frost protection
 VIII. HEALTH CONTROL :

Pests and
Diseases

Disorders
physiological.
 IX. HARVEST OF
HORTALIZAS :

Moment of the
harvest
• Practices of
collection
• Classification
• Packaging
• Storage
temporal