Children's Rights: History and Impact
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ScribdTranslationsChildren's Rights: History and Impact
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsPublic Higher Technological Education Institute
Victor Raul Haya De La
Tower
SOCIETY AND ECONOMY IN GLOBALIZATION
CHILDREN'S RIGHTS
LIC MARX CONDOR
Authors:
Marcos Reyes, Angel Roberto
Navarro Romero, Miguel Angel
Santos Flores, Jeensen Martin
Barranca - Peru
2017
INTRODUCTION
Children's rights are human rights. We must treat children with
equality, respect, and dignity, not because they are 'the future' or 'the adults of tomorrow',
But because we have already talked about human beings. Every human being is born with rights and
fundamental freedoms inherent to your person.
Children must enjoy the same human rights as everyone else, from the
right to freedom of expression to the right to privacy. This means that all
Human rights laws apply equally to children and adults.
However, in most societies, children are attributed a
condition of inferiority. For example, in almost all countries, children under
18-year-olds have no political power because they cannot vote and most of the
countries allow parents to hit their children even though they could be
charged with assault if they hit another adult.
This means that children have specific rights that protect them from all
threat, exclusion and discrimination against those who are vulnerable. These rights have
have been incorporated into international law through the Convention on
Children's Rights (CRC) and its Optional Protocols (one on the sale of children, and
child prostitution and the use of children in pornography; another about conflicts
armed; and another that establishes an international complaint mechanism so that the
UN can intervene in cases of violation of children's rights.
HISTORY OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS
Historical perspective on the evolution of Children's Rights:
In ancient times, no one thought of providing special protection for children.
In the Middle Ages, children were considered 'little adults'.
In the mid-19th century, the idea of offering special protection emerged in France.
children; this allowed progressive development
of the rights of minors. Starting from
1841, the laws began to protect the
children in their workplace and, starting from
1881, the French laws guaranteed the
children's right to education.
At the beginning of the 20th century, it began to
implement the protection of children,
even in the social, legal, and health areas.
This new development, which began in
France spread further throughout
Europe.
Since 1919, after the creation of the League of
Nations (which would later become the
UN), the international community began to
give more importance to this issue, because
that was elaborated by the Committee for the Protection of Children.
On September 16, 1924, the League of Nations approved the Declaration of the
Children's Rights (also known as the Geneva Declaration), the first treaty
international on the Rights of Children. Throughout five chapters the
The declaration grants specific rights to children, thus
as responsibilities to adults.
The Geneva Declaration is based on the work of
Polish doctor Janusz Korczak.
World War II left among its victims
thousands of children in a desperate situation. Like
As a consequence, in 1947 the United Nations Fund was created.
United Nations for Children (known as UNICEF) to which
it was granted international organization status
permanent in 1953.
During its beginnings, UNICEF focused particularly
in helping the young victims of the Second World War
World, mainly to European children.
However, in 1953 his mandate reached a dimension
international and began to assist children in countries in
development paths. The Organization then established a
series of programs for children to have access to education, good health,
drinking water and food.
Since December 10, 1948 the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Humans recognize that "motherhood and the
children have the right to care and assistance
specials.
In 1959, the General Assembly of the Nations
The United Nations approved the Declaration of Rights
of the Child, which describes the rights of the
children in ten principles. Although this
the document has not yet been signed by
all countries and their principles have
indicative character, paves the way for the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Child.
After approving the Declaration of the
Human Rights, the UN wished
present a Charter of Fundamental Rights that would demand from governments to
respect her. As a consequence, the Human Rights Commission set out to
draft this document.
In the midst of the Cold War, and after arduous negotiations, the General Assembly of the
The United Nations approved in New York two complementary texts to the Declaration.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
The International Covenant on Economic Rights,
Social and Cultural, which recognizes the right to the
protection against economic exploitation and the law
to education and medical assistance.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
that establishes the right to have a name and a
nationality.
The UN proclaimed the year 1979 as the Year
International Children's Day. This year, an event took place
true change of spirit, as Poland proposed
create a working group within the Commission of the
Human Rights that will be responsible for drafting a
international letter.
Thus, on November 20, 1989, the General Assembly
of the United Nations approved the Convention on the
Children's Rights. Throughout 54 articles the
the document establishes economic rights,
social and cultural aspects of children.
This is the human rights treaty that has been approved the fastest.
it was converted into an international treaty and on September 2, 1990, it came into effect
after being ratified by 20 countries.
On July 11, 1990, the Organization
for the African Union approved the Charter
Africana on Rights and Wellbeing
of the Child.
It was adopted on June 17, 1999
Convention on the Worst Forms of
child labor.
In May 2000, the Protocol was ratified.
optional of the International Charter on
the Rights of the Child, which deals with
participation of children in armed conflicts and came into force in 2002. This
documento prohíbe que los menores participen en conflictos armados.
So far, the Convention on the Rights of the Child has been signed by 190 of
192 states, although there are some reservations about certain fragments of the document.
Only the United States and Somalia have signed it, but not ratified.
Currently, your ideal y character
blunt son universally
accepted. Without embargo, his
functioning can improve and is still
necessary to transform the words into
actions.
In a world where urgency is what
essential, where a child dies from
hunger every 5 seconds, it's time to
unify theory with practice. Perhaps
This is how we should have been
started.
Convention on the Rights of the Child
The Convention on the Rights of the Child sets forth the rights of all
persons under 18 years of age. Their rights are closely related to the
obligations and responsibilities of the States, that is to say, the articles are of
mandatory compliance for all governments and all individuals.
The four guiding principles of the Convention are: the Principle of Non
Discrimination; the Best Interests of the Child; Survival and Development and the
Participation.
These principles serve to guide how they are fulfilled and respected.
rights and serve as a constant point of reference for the application and verification of
the rights of girls, boys, and adolescents.
Instrument that protects children's rights
The "Convention on the Rights of the Child" is
a United Nations treaty and the first law
international "legally binding" on the
rights of the boy and the girl. This means that
its compliance is mandatory. It gathers rights
civilians, political, economic, social and cultural
that reflect the different situations in which
children can be found
adolescents from all over the world.
The 54 articles of The Convention recognize that
All those persons under 18 years of age have the right to full physical development.
mental and social and to express their opinions freely. But, in addition, the Convention
it is also a model for the health, survival, and progress of all
society.
What for? To guarantee the protection and development of childhood.
Even though numerous countries have laws that protect children, many do not.
they fulfill. For children, girls, and adolescents, and especially for the groups
excluded or minorities this often means living in situations of poverty,
homeless, without legal protection, without access to education, abandoned, affected
due to preventable diseases, etc. These problems not only affect countries
poor. The Convention clearly recognizes the right of EVERY child.
only for a few privileged individuals a suitable standard of living.
When?
On November 20, 1989 In 1959, the United Nations approved a
"Declaration of the Rights of the Child" which included 10 principles. But it was not enough.
because it was not legally mandatory. That is why in 1978, the government of
Poland presented a provisional version of a Convention to the United Nations.
about the Rights of Children. After ten years of negotiations with governments of
everyone, religious leaders, NGOs, and other institutions, managed to agree on the text
final of the "Convention on the Rights of the Child", November 20, 1989,
whose compliance would be mandatory for all countries that signed it. The
Convention became Law in 1990, after being signed and accepted by 20
countries, including Peru. Today, the Convention has already been accepted by all the countries.
of the world, except for the United States and Somalia.
MAIN RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
To have rights without being discriminated against.
2. To enjoy social security.
3. To have a name and a nationality.
4. To enjoy food, housing, recreation, and medical services
adequate.
5. To receive special attention and care when the child suffers some
physical, mental, or social impediment.
6. Love and family.
7. To education.
8. Being the first to receive attention in situations of
emergency.
9. To good treatment.
10. To the protection against all kinds of
discrimination and education in tolerance
in the face of differences.
CONCLUSION
If there is truly a sense of equality and respect towards children.
Starting from the family, their rights will continue to be violated, because if
your parents do not defend them, so it will be difficult to find someone.
The legal protection of children requires and demands policies, but also many
actions.
We could say that society and the State must necessarily work together.
hand in the care of children's rights for their better effectiveness, for one does not
could without the other.
The policies that are created for the compliance with what is proposed in the Convention,
they should be primarily directed at children who are victims of abuse and exploitation
sexual, labor, and physical abuse as it is what occurs the most in Peru.
We need greater performance from the judicial and administrative systems in the
fulfillment of their duties so that children's rights are more respected.