Solution
WORKSHEET
Class 10 - Science
1.
(d) (i) and (iv)
Explanation:
When an acid is mixed with a base it results in neutralization reaction. The neutralization reaction results in the formation of
salt. A neutralization reaction is exothermic reaction.
2.
(d) less than 7
Explanation:
The pH must be less than 7, so the juices are more gastric and can easily breakdown food into simpler molecules. Usually, the
pH is 3.0.
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3. The syrupy liquid in the test tube was conc. H2SO4. When water was added to the concentrated acid it liberated a large amount of
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heat which broke the test tube and burnt the skin of student causing blisters.
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4.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
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Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, reacts with active metal (zinc) to produce H2 gas. The reaction is given as follows:
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Zn(s) + 2NaOH(aq) ⟶ Na2ZnO2(aq) + H2(g)
5. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
7.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
On dissociation, HCl yields more hydrogen ions for the same concentration as compared to acetic acid.
8. Aluminium displaces the iron from iron sulphate and the colour of two solution changes from green to brown. No change takes
place when copper strip is dipped in iron sulphate solution. No change will be observed when iron strips are dipped in iron
sulphate solution. The colour of the solution changes from green to colourless when zinc is added to iron sulphate solution.
9. Soda-acid fire extinguisher contains sodium bicarbonate and sulphuric acid, which are present in separate containers inside the
extinguisher. When the knob of the fire extinguisher is pressed, the sulphuric acid mixes with sodium bicarbonate solution and a
lot of C O gas is produced.
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Carbon dioxide gas forms a blanket over the fire and cuts off the supply of air to the burning substance and the fire stops.
2N aHC O3 + H2 SO4 → N a2 SO4 + 2H2 O + C O2(g)
Sodium hydrogen carbonate Sulphuric acid Sodium sulphate W ater
Carbon dioxide
10. i. Since the zinc dust has a larger surface area than zinc granules. If the same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube then
the reaction will be comparatively faster and hydrogen gas will evolve with greater speed.
ii. With dilute hydrochloric acid, almost the same amount of gas is evolved.
iii. With copper turnings, hydrogen gas will not evolve because copper is less reactive and it will not displace hydrogen from the
acid. Hence, no reaction will take place.
iv. Zinc also reacts with NaOH. So, if sodium hydroxide is taken, then hydrogen gas will be evolved.
Zn(s) + 2N aOH(aq) ⟶ N a2 ZnO2 (aq) + H2 (g) ↑
Z inc Sodium hydroxide Sodium Zincate Hydrogen gas
11. When a base is dissolved in water then it will produce H⁺ ions as well as OH⁻ [Link] H⁺ ion concentration is more than OH⁻ ion
then the solution is [Link] they show basic character if OH⁻ ion concentration is more than H⁺ ion [Link] means
they are basic due to presence of more OH- ions.
12. The correct method for mixing is one which Raghav followed i.e., mixing acid to water slowly with constant stirring. The reason
behind this is mixing acid and water is highly exothermic. If water is added in acid, then acid may splash on the face or body. The
glass container may also break. But when acid is mixed with water with constant stirring, the heat realised is evenly distributed in
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the water.
13. The steps are:
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i. Take about 2 mL of dilute NaOH solution in a test tube and add two drops of phenolphthalein solution.
ii. Add dilute HCl solution to the above solution drop by drop.
iii. Now add a few drops of NaOH to the above mixture.
Observation: On adding Phenolphthalein to NaOH, the colour becomes pink. On adding dilute HCl solution dropwise, finally, the
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pink colour disappears and the solution becomes colourless. On adding NaOH, pink colour again appears because the medium
becomes basic.
HCl + NaOH ⟶ NaCl + H2O
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Acid + Base ⟶ Salt + Water
The reaction is known as Neutralisation Reaction. It can be defined as the reaction of an acid and a base to form salt and water.
14. (a) On the basis of source : (i) Organic acids : Acids which are obtained usually from plants and animals are organic acids. e.g.
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Oxalic acid, lactic acid, uric acid, acetic acid etc.
(ii) Inorganic acids : These are the acids which are generally obtained from minerals. These are also called mineral acids. They
are strong acids and ionize almost completely in water.
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e.g. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric acid (NHO3), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
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(b) On the basis of strength : All acids ionize in aqueous solution. The degree of ionization of an acid (α) is given as :
N o. of molecules of moles of acids ionised
α = × 100
T otal no. of molecules or moles of acids added to solution
The more the degree of ionization (or dissociation) of an acid, the stronger the acid will be. On the basis of strength acids are of
two types :
(i) Strong acids : There are the acids which are almost completely dissociated in moderately concentrated solutions and produce
high concentration of H+ or H3O+ ions in solution. e.g. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric acid (NHO3) . For strong acid α is more
than 30%.
(ii) Weak acids : These are the acids which ionize (or dissociate) only slightly in moderately concentrated solutions. There
aqueous solutions contain molecules as well as ions. e.g. Acetic acid (CH3COOH), Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), Carbonic acid
(H2CO3 ) etc. For weak acids α is less than 30% .
(c) On the basis of their concentration
(i) Concentrated acid : It is an acid having a relative high percentage of acid in its aqueous solution.
(ii) Dilute acid : It is an acid having a relatively low percentage of acid in its aqueous solution (usually less than 1 more/litre).
15. i. An exothermic reaction occurs when a powerful concentrated acid is diluted. In order to control the heat generated by the
reaction, acid must be added to water drop by drop. Acid will splash out and cause bumps.
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
ii. Sodium sulphate is the salt that is created. Since it is a neutral salt created by the neutralisation of a powerful acid and a
powerful base, its pH value is 7.
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iii. The only thing that affects a substance's pH are its ions. In the presence of water, HCl produces hydrogen ions. In the absence
of water, the H+ion and HCl molecules cannot be separated. Because dry HCl lacks H+jons, it does not exhibit the
characteristics of an acid.
16.
Substance Blue Litmus paper Red litmus paper
Curd Turns red None
Soap solution None Turns blue
17. i. The reagent used by Sugandha to prepare HCl gas is solid sodium chloride and conc. sulphuric acid.
ii. With dry litmus paper - no change
With wet blue litmus paper - changes to red,
iii. HCl + Water ⟶ H+ + Cl-
H+ + H2O ⟶ H3O+
18. A weak acid or weak base is the compound which partially ionizes in water to give a small number of hydrogen ions or hydroxide
ions, respectively.
Weak Acid:
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Acetic acid is partially ionized in water to produce only a small amount of hydrogen ions, so it is a weak acid. Weak acid reacts
very slowly with other substances such as metals, etc. Weak acids have low electrical conductivity because of the low
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concentration of hydrogen ions.
CH3COOH (aq) ↔ CH3COO- (aq) + H+ (aq)
Weak Base:
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In a similar way, a weak base reacts slowly and also have low electrical conductivity because of low concentration of hydronium
ions.
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NH3 + H2O ↔ NH4 + + OH-
19. i. Formic acid is the common name for methanoic acid and it is present in a bee stings.
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ii. Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid
iii. C2H5OH is not an ionic compound, it is a covalent compound and hence does not give H+ ions in aqueous solution.
20. i. i. Groups A and B - less than 7
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ii. Group C - greater than 7
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ii. pH paper and universal indicator.
iii. a. Copper vessel is tarnished due to formation of basic copper oxide.
b. Lemon juice being acidic react with copper oxide and the salt formed is washed away.
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a. An optimal pH is required for digestion.
b. Change in pH can cause tooth decay.
c. Animals and plants defend themselves through change in pH.
d. Survival of aquatic life becomes difficult when pH of river water becomes low.
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