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BUCET & UPCAT Math Study Guide

The BUCET & UPCAT High-Priority Math Study Guide covers essential topics frequently appearing in major Philippine entrance exams, including number sense, ratios, linear equations, inequalities, polynomials, geometry, coordinate geometry, basic trigonometry, probability, statistics, and word problems. Each section provides key rules, examples, practice questions, and answers for effective study. This guide aims to help students prepare efficiently for their exams by focusing on high-yield mathematical concepts.

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johndavidtonillo33
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38 views4 pages

BUCET & UPCAT Math Study Guide

The BUCET & UPCAT High-Priority Math Study Guide covers essential topics frequently appearing in major Philippine entrance exams, including number sense, ratios, linear equations, inequalities, polynomials, geometry, coordinate geometry, basic trigonometry, probability, statistics, and word problems. Each section provides key rules, examples, practice questions, and answers for effective study. This guide aims to help students prepare efficiently for their exams by focusing on high-yield mathematical concepts.

Uploaded by

johndavidtonillo33
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BUCET & UPCAT HIGH-PRIORITY MATH STUDY

GUIDE

This study guide focuses only on the MOST frequently appearing topics in BUCET, UPCAT, and
major PH entrance exams.
It includes: key rules, examples, practice questions, answers, and clear explanations.

-------------------------------------------------
SECTION 1: NUMBER SENSE (Fractions, Decimals, Percents)
-------------------------------------------------
Key Rules:
- Fraction → decimal: numerator ÷ denominator
- Fraction → percent: (fraction × 100)
- Percent → decimal: divide by 100

Example:
Convert 3/4 to decimal and percent.
3 ÷ 4 = 0.75 → 75%

Practice:
1. Convert 7/8 to percent.
2. What is 30% of 250?
3. Simplify 42/56.

Answers:
1. 87.5% (7 ÷ 8 = 0.875 × 100)
2. 75 (0.30 × 250)
3. 3/4 (divide by GCF 14)

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SECTION 2: RATIO & PROPORTION
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Key Rule:
a:b = c:d iff ad = bc (cross-multiply)

Example:
3:5 = 9:15 because 3×15 = 5×9.

Practice:
4. Solve 4/9 = x/27
5. If a:b = 2:3 and a + b = 30, find a and b.

Answers:
4. x = 12 (cross-multiply)
5. Total parts = 5 → each part = 30/5 = 6 → a=12, b=18

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SECTION 3: LINEAR EQUATIONS
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Key Steps:
1. Move constants
2. Combine like terms
3. Divide by coefficient of x

Example:
2x + 7 = 19
2x = 12 → x = 6

Practice:
6. Solve: 5x - 4 = 21
7. Solve: 3(x - 2) = 2x + 9

Answers:
6. x = 5
7. 3x - 6 = 2x + 9 → x = 15

-------------------------------------------------
SECTION 4: INEQUALITIES
-------------------------------------------------
Key Rule:
Multiplying or dividing by a NEGATIVE flips the sign.

Example:
-3x > 12 → x < -4

Practice:
8. -2x + 5 < 1
9. x/4 ≥ 3

Answers:
8. -2x < -4 → x > 2
9. x ≥ 12

-------------------------------------------------
SECTION 5: POLYNOMIALS & FACTORING
-------------------------------------------------
Common Patterns:
1. x² - bx + c → find numbers that multiply to c and add to -b.
2. Difference of squares: a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b)

Examples:
Factor x² - 9 = (x - 3)(x + 3)

Practice:
10. Factor x² - 7x + 12
11. Expand (x + 4)(x - 2)

Answers:
10. (x - 3)(x - 4)
11. x² + 2x - 8

-------------------------------------------------
SECTION 6: GEOMETRY (Most Asked)
-------------------------------------------------
KEY FORMULAS:
Triangle area = 1/2 bh
Circle area = πr²
Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c²

Practice:
12. Area of triangle with base 12 and height 5.
13. Area of circle with radius 6.
14. Hypotenuse of right triangle with legs 6 and 8.
Answers:
12. 30
13. 36π
14. 10 (since 6² + 8² = 100)

-------------------------------------------------
SECTION 7: COORDINATE GEOMETRY
-------------------------------------------------
Key formulas:
Slope m = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1)
Line equation: y = mx + b

Practice:
15. Slope between (2,4) and (6,12)
16. Line with slope 3 passing (0, -2)

Answers:
15. m = (12-4)/(6-2) = 8/4 = 2
16. y = 3x - 2

-------------------------------------------------
SECTION 8: BASIC TRIGONOMETRY
-------------------------------------------------
SOHCAHTOA:
sin = opp/hyp
cos = adj/hyp
tan = opp/adj

Key Values:
sin30 = 1/2
sin45 = √2/2
cos60 = 1/2

Practice:
17. sin if opposite=5, hypotenuse=13
18. tan45

Answers:
17. 5/13
18. 1

-------------------------------------------------
SECTION 9: PROBABILITY & STATISTICS
-------------------------------------------------
Probability = favorable / total
Mean = sum / n
Median = middle
Mode = most frequent

Practice:
19. Probability of drawing a king from a deck of 52.
20. Mean of 3, 5, 7, 9, 11.

Answers:
19. 4/52 = 1/13
20. 7

-------------------------------------------------
SECTION 10: WORD PROBLEMS (Most Critical)
-------------------------------------------------
Example:
A number increased by 7 becomes 25.
x + 7 = 25 → x = 18

Practice:
21. A shirt costs 350 and is discounted 20%. Find sale price.
22. 4 workers finish a task in 9 days. How long for 6 workers?

Answers:
21. 280 (350 × 0.80)
22. 6 days (inverse proportion)

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END OF FILE
-------------------------------------------------

Common questions

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The slope formula is m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1). Substitute the coordinates (2,4) and (6,12) into the formula: m = (12 - 4) / (6 - 2) = 8 / 4 = 2. The slope of the line is 2 .

Inequalities change direction when multiplying or dividing by a negative because this operation reverses the order of the numbers. In -2x + 5 < 1, subtract 5 to get -2x < -4. Dividing both sides by -2 reverses the inequality to x > 2 .

To factor x² - 7x + 12, find two numbers that multiply to 12 and add to -7. The numbers -3 and -4 satisfy both conditions. Therefore, the polynomial factors as (x - 3)(x - 4).

To convert a fraction to a decimal, divide the numerator by the denominator. To convert the resulting decimal to a percent, multiply it by 100. For example, converting 3/4 to a decimal involves 3 ÷ 4 = 0.75; to convert to a percent, calculate 0.75 × 100, resulting in 75% .

First, calculate 20% of 350, which is 350 × 0.20 = 70. Subtract this discount from the original price: 350 - 70 = 280. The sale price of the shirt is 280 .

Using SOHCAHTOA, sine is defined as the opposite side divided by the hypotenuse. Here, sin = 5/13. This means that the sine of the angle, with the opposite side 5 and hypotenuse 13, is 5/13 .

Use the Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c². Substituting the lengths of the legs, 6² + 8² = c² gives 36 + 64 = c², or 100 = c². Taking the square root of both sides, c = 10. The hypotenuse is 10 .

To solve the proportion 4/9 = x/27, cross-multiply to obtain 4 × 27 = 9 × x, which simplifies to 108 = 9x. Dividing both sides by 9 results in x = 12 .

First, isolate the variable term by adding 4 to both sides of the equation, resulting in 5x = 25. Then, divide each side by 5 to solve for x, which gives x = 5 .

To find the mean, sum the numbers: 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 = 35. Then divide by the number of data points, which is 5. The mean is 35/5, which equals 7 .

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