Q.
1 Attempt the following (Any Two):
a) Define Estimation.
Answer : Estimating is the technique of calculating or Computing the various quantities
and the expected Expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project.
In case the funds avilable are less than the estimated cost the work is done in part or by
reducing it or specifications are altered, the following require-ment are necessary for
preparing an estimate.
a ) Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.
b)Detailed specifications about workmenship & properties of materials etc.
c)Standard schedule of rates of the current year
b) What are common cost estimation methods?
Answer : Common Cost Estimation Methods
1. Square Foot Method:
This is a common method where designers charge a set fee per square foot of the
project area. The total cost is then calculated by multiplying this per-square-foot rate
by the total area of the space.
2. Per-Unit Method:
Some firms, particularly in India, use a per-unit method for certain types of projects,
like designing a bedroom. The cost is based on charges for each fixed unit, such as a
wardrobe or bed unit, rather than the total square footage.
3. Percentage of Total Project Cost:
In this approach, the designer's fee is a percentage (e.g., 30-45%) of the overall project
cost, which includes all furnishings, fixtures, and materials.
c) Explain Turnkey Project.
Answer : A turnkey project is one where a single contractor is responsible for the entire
project, from initial design and construction to final delivery and operation, creating a
complete, "ready-to-use" facility for the client. The client essentially just has to "turn
the key" to start using the completed project. This approach streamlines the process by
consolidating all responsibilities, expertise, and risks with the contractor, offering the
client a hassle-free and seamless experience.
Key Aspects of a Turnkey Project
Full Responsibility:
o A single contractor assumes responsibility for all phases of the project,
from concept and design to construction, installation, and commissioning.
Ready-to-Operate:
o The contractor delivers a fully functional and ready-to-use final product or
facility to the client.
Minimized Client Involvement:
o The client is largely relieved of the technical and managerial burdens of the
project, as the contractor manages all details and risks.
Expertise and Specialization:
The contractor brings specialized knowledge and expertise to the project, ensuring
high quality and efficient execution
d) Explain What is Scope of Design.
Answer : The scope of the design is the main factor that contributes to the home’s
interior design costs. If you are looking forward to doing only the basic furnishing, say,
the bed, kitchen, sofa, and dining set, the interior design cost will be lower. However, if
you are doing a complete home interior, including the decor, it will cost more. For
example if a client only gives furniture for bedroom so overall estimation will change
and whereas if client gives full home interior it will totally change the scope of deign.
Q.2 Attempt the following (Any Two):
a) Explain how Locality plays important role in costing and estimation.
Answer : The design cost also depends on the locality where the project is located. The
cost of a project in a locality near the city or the interior designer will be less as the cost
of sourcing an item and transporting all the furnishings and decor will be less when
compared to a project site situated far off from its interior designer or factory where
the furnishings and decor are being manufactured. The cost of sourcing and
transporting furnishings and decor can have a significant impact on the overall budget
of an interior design project. So overall Locality plays an important role in
determining estimation.
b) Explain Design Fee.
Answer : Another important factor is the designer fee in the industry. While some
designers may charge a flat fee for their services, others may charge an hourly rate or a
percentage of the total project cost. When a designer is working on a project in the
same city or region as their factory or supplier, they can often take advantage of lower
costs due to proximity. This means that the final cost of the project can be significantly
reduced, allowing for more flexibility in terms of design choices and materials.
Additionally, working with local suppliers can also help reduce lead times. This ensure
that materials are readily available when needed. Overall, choosing an interior designer
who is based in the same city or region as your project site can be a smart choice. This
keep costs down while still achieving a high-quality design aesthetic. Some prominent
interior design companies, like D’LIFE Home Interiors, do not charge designer fees.
Such interior design companies only charge for the design project. So make sure you
find a team like D’LIFE if you want to keep the costs low.
c) What are key steps in Design Process?
Answer : Define Scope and Quantities:
Scope Definition: Clearly define the project's boundaries, including residential or
commercial space, room types, and specific design elements.
Quantity Takeoff: Accurately measure spaces and list all required materials (e.g., wood,
laminates, tiles, paints) and fittings (light fixtures, door handles).
Calculate Cost Components:
Material Costs: The cost of raw materials, finishes, and decorative items like
furnishings, flooring, and lighting.
Labor Costs: Expenses for contractors, carpenters, painters, electricians, and other
skilled workers.
Overhead Costs: Indirect costs for permits, licenses, administrative expenses, and
operational facilities.
Contingency Costs: A budget reserve (e.g., 10-15%) to cover unexpected expenses or
unforeseen circumstances.
Contractor's Profit: A markup added by the contractor for their business growth and
sustainability.
Estimation Methodologies:
Preliminary/Conceptual Estimates: A rough cost based on initial design ideas for the
early stages.
Detailed Estimates: A precise cost breakdown for finalized plans, including specific
measurements and itemized costs.
Vendor Quotations: Obtaining bids from suppliers and contractors to get specific
pricing for materials and services.
Budget Management:
Budget Creation: Develop a detailed budget based on the final estimates and any
allowances.
Cost Monitoring: Track project expenditures to ensure they stay within the allocated
budget.
Q.3 Attempt the following (Any One):
a) Give the estimation of following.
i. Bed size 6’ * 6’6” using square foot method. Rate per sq/ft of wardrobe is Rs 1750 sq/ft.
ii. Headboard size 6’ * 4’. Rate per sq/ft is 1250per sq/ft.
Answer :
i) Bed Size = 6’ * 6’6”
Total square feet of bed = 39.6 sqft
So total rate for bed = 1750 * 39.6 = Rs 69,300/-
ii) Headboard size = 6’ * 4’
Square foot of headboard = 24 sqft
Costing for headboard = 1250 * 24 = Rs 30,000/-
Total Estimate of Bed is Rs 99,300/-
b) Calculate the designer fees using the following data.
The overall costing of 3bhk is Rs 25,00,000 , which includes everything. The designer is
taking 12% as professional fees on overall budget..
The total costing is Rs 125,675 for a small project which includes everything. You as a
designer charge 9%.
Answer : i) Costing = Rs 25,00,000
Designer fees = 12%
Total Fees = 25,00,000 *12% = Rs 300,000/-
ii) Costing = Rs 125,675
Designer fees = 9%
Total Fees = 125,675 * 9% = Rs 11,310/-