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OOPS Concepts and Examples Explained

OOPS (Object-Oriented Programming System) is a programming paradigm centered around objects, promoting modular and reusable code. Key concepts include classes, objects, attributes, methods, and the four pillars: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Advantages of OOPS include reusability, security, maintainability, and real-world modeling, with practical examples provided in Java and Python.

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2 views4 pages

OOPS Concepts and Examples Explained

OOPS (Object-Oriented Programming System) is a programming paradigm centered around objects, promoting modular and reusable code. Key concepts include classes, objects, attributes, methods, and the four pillars: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Advantages of OOPS include reusability, security, maintainability, and real-world modeling, with practical examples provided in Java and Python.

Uploaded by

suryapratapshahidpr99
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OOPS Notes (Object-Oriented Programming System)

1. What is OOPS?

OOPS is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.


It helps organize code in a modular, reusable, and efficient manner.

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2. Important Terms

🔹 Class
A blueprint/template for creating objects.
Example: A Car class defines what a car is.

🔹 Object
An instance of a class.
Example: Car myCar = new Car();

🔹 Attribute (Data Members)


Variables inside a class.
Example: color, speed.

🔹 Method (Member Functions)


Functions defined inside a class that operate on object data.

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3. Four Pillars of OOPS

1️⃣ Encapsulation

Binding data + methods into one unit (class).

Protects data using private access.


Example: Getters and setters.

2️⃣ Inheritance

One class acquiring properties of another.


Types of inheritance:
Single

Multilevel

Hierarchical

Multiple (not in Java)

Hybrid

3️⃣ Polymorphism

Same function name, different behavior.


Types:

Compile-time (Method Overloading)

Runtime (Method Overriding)

4️⃣ Abstraction

Hiding internal details and showing essential features.


Achieved using abstract classes or interfaces.

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4. Advantages of OOPS

Reusability

Security

Better maintainability

Real-world modeling

Code flexibility and scalability

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5. OOPS in Real Life


Example objects:

Car → color, speed, start(), stop()

Bank Account → balance, deposit(), withdraw()

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6. Simple Example (Java)

class Car {
String brand;
int speed;

Car(String brand, int speed) {


[Link] = brand;
[Link] = speed;
}

void drive() {
[Link](brand + " is driving at " + speed + " km/h");
}
}

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Car c1 = new Car("BMW", 120);
[Link]();
}
}

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7. Simple Example (Python)

class Car:
def __init__(self, brand, color):
[Link] = brand
[Link] = color

def show(self):
print("Brand:", [Link], "| Color:", [Link])

car1 = Car("Audi", "Red")


[Link]()

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