HUMAN RESOURCES
CHAPTER 3: HISTORY OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1st Semester | A.Y. 2025-2026 | BSBA – 2I
Amid the challenge posed by the present 3. Managers must cooperate with the workers to
business environment, to better understand ensure the job is done in a scientific way.
effectively management human resources, you must 4. There is a clear division of work and responsibility
examine the history of human resources between management and workers.
management.
HAWTHORNE STUDIES
17th Century - Working arrangements involved
close relationships between mentors and apprentices The Hawthorne Studies ushered a new era
dedicated to a particular trade. Apprentices were of managing human resources. These studies
often required to live in the shop or home of the ushered a new era of managing human resources.
master craftsperson. If an apprenticeship was injured These studies conducted from 1927 to 1932 at the
or sick, the master’s family was responsible was Western Electric Hawthorne plant by Elton Mayo,
responsible for restoring the younger worker’s health ultimately brought to light the human element of
and welfare. Master’s and apprentice shared in good managing human resources. Mayo’s study
times and bad, in profit and in loss. highlighted the improved productivity gained by
paying attention to workers and the significant role
2OTH CENTURY social relationships played in the workplace.
HENRY FORD Early 1800’s- governments began to feel
pressure from the working class masses who started
Henry Ford who often wondered to ask questions and defy the power of the
why workers brought their heads capitalists. Trade Unionism started to gain a foothold
to work when all he really needed not just as means for protecting and improving
was their hands and feet. workers’ living standards, but also as vehicle for
Assembly line production required changing the entire political and economic order of
that large numbers of people society.
come together for work.
Employers’ attentions focused on LOCAL CONTEXT
consumer demands, the speed at which ne w
machines produced goods and the processes that The style by which human resource practices are
drove production- concerns that were sometimes developed and applied in the Philippines is certainly
placed well ahead of the needs of employees. identifiable as distinctively Pinoy (Filipino). Within the
boundaries of the economic/political setting, Pinoy
ADAM SMITH Human Resource Management is based on an
intricate system of indigenous core values which
Economic Advantages of the Division of Labor - emphasize social acceptance.
Adam Smith proposed that work could be made
more efficient through specialization and he Pinoy Styles in Human Resources
suggested that work could be made more efficient Management
through specialization and he suggested that work
should be broken down into simple tasks. Known as 1. Harmony in interpersonal relationships and
the Father of Capitalism, Smith’s work led to many caring for the other are top priorities in Filipino
changes in manufacturing processes. spirit. This notion is formally referred to as
pakikipagkapwa tao, which is strongly associated
FREDERICK W. TAYLOR with the collective identity of the Filipino people
and need for social acceptance.
Frederick W. Taylor considered 2. Utang na Loob (debt of gratitude) gives value to
being the father of` Scientific human reciprocity. Pakikisama (conformity to
Management conducted studies group) brings about a sense of togetherness and
at Midvale Steel Works. In his cohesiveness in given group similar to that found
study, he proposed four in a tightly-knit community.
overriding principles of
3. The importance of organization-needs also
management:
predicts engagement. This reflect the Filipino
1. Each part of an individual’s
collective identity and need for social
work is analyzed “scientifically”.
acceptance. In the case of Filipino workers,
2. The most suitable person to undertake the
concern from coworkers, loyalty, and sense of
job is “scientifically chosen” and is taught the exact
responsibility to the company, and a good work
way to do the job.
environment are important for their engagement.
HUMAN RESOURCES
CHAPTER 3: HISTORY OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1st Semester | A.Y. 2025-2026 | BSBA – 2I
4. The Philippine culture greatly values pakikisama,
going along with others and helping them, for the
good of the group, and hiya, which stipulates that
offense to others should be avoided.
5. People management function in the Philippines
has been evolving from personnel management
to a more strategic HRM Approach. To adopt a
more strategic approach, HR practitioners need
to develop their professional and technical skills
and competencies in order to have an impact on
the effectiveness of the HR department.