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Geothermal Energy Overview and Applications

The document discusses geothermal energy, highlighting its status as a renewable energy source with significant potential for electricity generation and minimal environmental impact. It outlines various technologies for harnessing geothermal energy, including steam and binary power plants, and presents problems related to the performance and efficiency of geothermal power plants. Additionally, it includes a call for group reports on various aspects of geothermal energy development and applications in Peru.

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2 views23 pages

Geothermal Energy Overview and Applications

The document discusses geothermal energy, highlighting its status as a renewable energy source with significant potential for electricity generation and minimal environmental impact. It outlines various technologies for harnessing geothermal energy, including steam and binary power plants, and presents problems related to the performance and efficiency of geothermal power plants. Additionally, it includes a call for group reports on various aspects of geothermal energy development and applications in Peru.

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© All Rights Reserved
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

OF TRUJILLO
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

THEME:
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Mr. Gustavo Raul Fernandez Essenwanger


GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

INTRODUCTION Geothermal energy,


also known as the energy of the
land, it is a renewable energy
practically inexhaustible, with a utility
important for generating electricity, of course
this is its main application among the
different alternatives for its use. Its
emissions consist of water vapor
What it means is that it does not involve risk.
environmental, to the present day geothermal energy
it means 0.4 percent of the total of the
world energy generation. (Santoyo &
Barragán Reyes, 2010) Heat is a form
of energy, and geothermal energy comes to
be the heat contained inside the
planet Earth, the term energy
Geothermal is used to indicate the portion
from the heat of the earth that can be recovered
and used as electric energy or another type
of energy. (Dickson & Fanelli, n.d.)
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geothermal energy
it has many advantages in
the generation of
electricity. The most
its height is important
availability factor
(90% on average) and the decreases
CO2 emissions per kWh
produced, reaching 0%
in binary power plants. A
continuation, it is summarized
the advantages, where it is
associates a disadvantage and
also an alternative
of improvement.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

There are different types of


technologies to generate
electricity from energy
geothermal. Among these are
they find the steam plants
dry and flash steam yes
the temperature of the deposit is
high, and binary if the deposit is
find at a temperature
intermediate. The first one is used
when the deposit is capable of
to produce geothermal fluids in
gas phase with low
fluid concentrations. In
in this case, the fluid can be
to direct directly through
a turbine to generate
electricity.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY - TYPES OF EXTRACTION:
ENERGIA GEOTERMICA-TIPOS DE EXTRACCION :
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY - EXTRACTION TYPES:
PROBLEMS OF 4 TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY EXTRACTIONS

In a geothermal power plant of


a single flash, the liquid water
geothermal at 200 °C is extracted from a
geothermal well at a rate of 100
kg/s. This water is brought to a boil at
500 kPa in the flash chamber of a
single geothermal power plant
flash. The capacitor is kept at a
pressure of 10 kPa. The efficiency
The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 83.
one hundred
a) What is the mass flow rate of
water vapor at the entrance of the
turbine?
b) Determine the output power of
the turbine and the thermal efficiency of the
plant.
SOLUTION
A power plant
single hydothermic
flash uses water
hot geothermal to
200°C as the source
of heat.
It is necessary to determine the
parameters of
performance
thermodynamic for
single flash designs
and double flash and the
potential income from
sell electricity and
geothermal heat.
Assumptions: - They exist
operational conditions
establishments. - The changes
of kinetic energy and
potential sound
despicable.
SOLUTION
PROBLEM 2

In a geothermal power plant, geothermal water enters a chamber of


evaporation (throttling valve) at 230°C as saturated liquid at a
a rate of 50 kg/s. The vapor resulting from the instantaneous evaporation process enters
a turbine and it exits at 20 kPa with a moisture content of 5% (x=0.95).
Determine the temperature of the vapor after the evaporation process.
snapshot and the power of the turbine if the steam pressure at the outlet of the
The evaporation chamber is 1 MPa.
Solution
1. For the valve, if considered in a steady state with kinetic energy and
negligible potentials, the energy balance indicates that the valve is
isenthalpic, that is,ℎ1 = ℎ2. 2.
2. The operating pressure of the separator is equal to the pressure of the stream (2) and
to the current one
3. (3) Assumptions: - Steady state - Isoenthalpic valve - Adiabatic separator
The energy balances in the different devices allow us to determine that:
ℎ1 = ℎ2 = í á
4. 2ℎ2 = 3ℎ3+ ℎ = í
5. = 3(ℎ3 −ℎ4) = í a
SOLUTION
PROBLEM 3
The supply speeds of geothermal fluid at different
electricity production plants are, on average, 6
kg of steam per kWh in a plant that operates with dry steam, 8 kg
per kWh in a simple flash evaporation plant, 700 kg s–1 for
produce 30 MW in a binary cycle plant and 1000 kg s–1 in a
double evaporation plant
(a) What fluid flows would each of them use to produce
100 MW?
(b) A double evaporation plant in operation in California
generates 62 MW from a fluid flow of 200 kg/s.
Compare this result with the one mentioned in the section.
previous for double evaporation.
(c) Mention some criteria that should be taken into account when
to decide on the use of one type of plant or another.
SOLUTION
PROBLEM 4
The figure shows the schematic of a single-flash geothermal power plant.
snapshot with the number of states. The geothermal resource exists as saturated liquid at 230°C.
The geothermal liquid is extracted from the production well at a rate of 230 kg/s and evaporates at a
pressure of 5 bars through an essentially isoenthalpic instantaneous evaporation process of
that the resulting vapor is separated from the liquid by a separator and directed towards the turbine. The vapor
leave the turbine at 0.1 bar with a moisture content of 10 percent and enter the condenser
where it condenses and is sent to a reinjection well along with the liquid that comes from the separator.
Determine a) the mass flow of steam through the turbine b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine c) the
power output of the turbine, d) the thermal efficiency of the plant (the ratio between the output of
turbine work and geothermal fluid energy in relation to environmental conditions
standard).
SOLUTION
Solution: To determine the mass flow to the turbine, it is necessary to apply the
principle of conservation of mass and that of energy to the separator (it is assumed
adiabatic) disregarding changes in kinetic and potential energy. The
the isentropic efficiency of the turbine is determined by performing an analysis of
second law in the same. The power of the turbine arises from an analysis
of the first law in which the changes in kinetic and potential energy are disregarded.
The energy of geothermal fluid is the difference in enthalpy of the state of
this and the enthalpy of the fluid at standard ambient conditions. Therefore:
a) The mass flow through the turbine Control volume: separator
b) State at entry: P2 known.
c) Exit state: P3 known, saturated steam, steady state.
d) State at the exit P6 known, saturated liquid, state 6 fixed
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
PROBLEM 5
SOLUTION
PRACTICE 13

PREPARE A REPORT NEXT WEEK PRESENTATION (DO NOT REPEAT PROBLEMS)


GROUP 1: SOLVE 4 PROBLEMS OF THE 4 TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY EXTRACTION
GROUP 2: SOLVE 4 PROBLEMS OF THE 4 TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY EXTRACTION
GROUP 3: SOLVE 4 PROBLEMS OF THE 4 TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY EXTRACTION
GROUP 4: SOLVE 4 PROBLEMS FROM THE 4 TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY EXTRACTION
GROUP 5: GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT IN PERU: OPPORTUNITIES, CONCEPTS,
ACTIONS, RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
GRUPO 6: Electricity generation fromgeothermal energy
GROUP 7: Application of geothermal energy in architecture for the mitigation of effects of
the frosts in the populated center of Pinaya, Puno,Peru-2020
GROUP 8:Possibility of use ofgeothermal energyin thePeru
GROUP 9:Geothermal Energyan Alternative Resource in thePeru
GROUP 10: Geochemical characterization of geothermal fluids for energy generation
geothermal, The Eden, The Liberty-2022
GROUP 11: Proposal for the construction of housing with superadobe and climate control with energy
geothermalin the populated center of Manallasacc, district of Chiara, department…
GROUP 12:Characterization of the potentialgeothermalfrom the Marañón basin
THANK YOU

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