Basic Operations and Equations Guide
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ScribdTranslationsBasic Operations and Equations Guide
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsBASIC OPERATIONS AND
EQUATIONS
Equations: An equation is an equality that has terms.
known and unknown terms. The unknown term is
the incognito is generally represented by the last letters
"x", "y" or "z", although any other letter can be used.
Examples of equations:
36 + x = -12
115 = 4x - 41
x + 124 = 70 - 2
5x + 3y - 4 = 0
5–ab = ax –by
2x + 8 = 3x - 12
0 = 3xy + 3x - 5
2/3x divided by 4/7y equals -28
Setting up equations:
1.-A number multiplied by 5 added to the same number multiplied by 6 equals 55. What is it?
Is it the number?
2.-The double of a number increased by 12 is equal to its triple decreased by 5. What is the
number?
3.-Tres números impares consecutivos suman 81. ¿Cuáles son los números?
4.-The double of a number plus the triple of its successor, plus the double of the successor of this one is 147.
Find the number
Linear equation (1erdegree)
A first-degree equation or linear equation is an equality that involves one or
more variables to the first power and does not contain products among the variables, is
to say, an equation that involves only sums and subtractions of a variable a
first power
1. 5 + 6x = 2
2. 4b + 1 = -18
3. 18c - 3 = 0
4.5 - 2d = 9
System of equations:
A system of linear equations has more than one variable. The variables
they appear in several of the equations, but not necessarily in all of them. What they do
These equations relate the unknowns to each other. For example:
3x + 2y = 1
{x−5y=6
METHODS TO SOLVE
substitutionit consists of clearing or isolating one of the unknowns (for example, x)
and substitute its expression into the other equation. In this way, we will obtain a
first-degree equation with the other unknown, y. Once solved,
we obtain the value of (x) by substituting the value of y that we already know.
Examples:
SOLUTION BY SUBSTITUTION
We cleared in the first equation lax: Therefore, the solution of the system is
And we substitute it in the second one:
We calculate knowing that:
Equalization: it consists of isolating the same variable in both equations.
to be able to equal the expressions, thus obtaining a single equation
with an unknown.
SOLUTION BY EQUALIZATION
We isolate (Y) in both equations.
Let's set the expressions equal to y and solve the equation:
Now, we substitute the value of the unknown x = 1 into the first of the previous equations to obtain:
Therefore, the solution of the system is
reduction: it consists of operating with the equations such as, for example,
sum or subtract both equations, so that one of the unknowns
disappear. This way we obtain an equation with a single variable.
Example
To add the equations and eliminate one of the two unknowns, the coefficients of that unknown must be equal.
but with a different sign. To do this, we multiply the first equation by -2.
Then, we sum the equations and solve the obtained equation:
• Therefore, the solution of the system of equations is
Finally, we substitute the value of y = 2 into the first equation and solve it:
Quadratic equation: (or of second degree)
A second-degree equation or quadratic equation of one variable is an equation that has the form of a sum
algebraic of terms whose maximum degree is two, that is, a quadratic equation can be represented by
a second-degree polynomial or quadratic polynomial. The general canonical form of a quadratic equation of a
variable is:
A quadratic equation is an equation in its form ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are real numbers.
Example:
9x2+ 6x + 10 a = 9, b = 6, c = 10