Victory Mendes - Dentistry UFPE 2021.

Oral histology and embryology

Lesson 3: Odontogenesis

→ Odontogenesis (tooth formation) consists of 5 phases: bud stage, cap stage, bell stage,
bellflower, crown phase and rhizogenesis (or root phase).

Ectoderm-ectomesenchyme interaction: the stomodeum, formed by ectoderm, is separated from the tube
digestive (endoderm) through the buccopharyngeal membrane. On the 27th day of development, this membrane
disappears, causing the stomach and the digestive tube to come into contact and the individual begins
to swallow. From there, ectomesenchymal cells will migrate to the area beneath the oral epithelium and,
At a certain moment, the oral epithelium will 'deepen' into this ectomesenchyme and form the wall.
diver or primary epithelial band.

The primary epithelial band proliferates and Projects into two sheets:

●Vestibular (external) lamina: grows, becomes lacking in blood supply and begins to degenerate,
forming a space in its center known as the vestibular sulcus, which will later
to form the oral vestibule.
Dental lamina (internal): will form tooth buds. It continues to proliferate and goes through
5 phases to form the tooth.

There will be a primary epithelial band in the maxilla and one in the mandible, each forming 10 layers.
dental, to form the 20 primary dental germs.
 Vitória Mendes - Dentistry UFPE 2021.2

1st STAGE: BUTTON STAGE - BUD

8th week
A sprout emerges with a rounded tip.
The button is formed by: an epithelial portion (from the oral epithelium) with low cylindrical cells or
cubic cells around and globular cells in the center, and outside, there are ectomesenchymal cells.
At the end of this phase, due to the action of proteins, ectomesenchymal cells begin to condense.
at the lower region of the rounded tip of the button, preventing the button from growing
uniformly.
In this way, it will grow 'surrounding' the condensation, taking on a hood-like shape,
starting the 2nd phase.

Epithelial portion - center with globular cells

Epithelial portion – low cylindrical or cubic cells

Condensation of ectomesenchymal cells

2nd PHASE: HOOD PHASE

In the cap stage, what was called the epithelial portion of the bud will be called ORGAN.
FROM ENAMEL, because in the future this structure will give rise to enamel.
The enamel organ will have a convex part and a concave part: the convex part is called
The external epithelium of the enamel organ is called the internal epithelium of the organ.
nail polish.
Inside the enamel organ, the cells that were globular begin to incorporate water and
distance themselves from one another, remaining united only at certain points by desmosomes. They
they assume a star shape, it is called star lattice.
The condensation of cells below the inner epithelium will be called dental papilla.
(will form the dentin and the pulp).
Around the entire enamel organ, there will be a "cell chain" surrounding the entire germ.
dental, which will be called dental follicle (will form the structures that support the tooth
cement, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.
Connecting the enamel organ to the oral epithelium is the peduncle or connecting pedicle.

At the end of the capuchin phase, the formation of the ENAMEL KNOT:
A condensation of cells above the inner epithelium of the enamel organ.
It corresponds to the region of the future cusp of the tooth.
It is a signaling center that indicates that the tooth is practically formed and "induces" the
stopping of proliferation and the beginning of differentiation in dentin and enamel from each cusp
until reaching the root.
The enamel knot forms the enamel cord, which gives rise to stellate reticulum cells and provides
support to the enamel organ.
Oral epithelium
Peduncle
of connection
Starry net

External epithelium of
enamel organ

Dental papilla

Internal epithelium of
Dental follicle enamel organ
 Victory Mendes - Dentistry UFPE 2021.2

3rd STAGE: BELLFLOWER STAGE

It occurs in the 14th week.

In the cap phase, the enamel organ takes on a bell shape with a concavity.
more pronounced.
There is a halt in the growth of the enamel organ and the beginning of the differentiation of the cells.
It is known as the phase of morpho and histodifferentiation, that is, it will determine the shape of
tooth and start the production of the tissues that form them.
The cells of the outer epithelium become flattened and the cells of the inner epithelium become
cylindrical.
Well-developed starry reticulum.
Above the inner epithelium is the intermediate stratum (the condensation of which will give rise
to the nail polish and is also related to the signaling).
●Appearance of cervical suture: it is the meeting of the external and internal epithelium. It will define what is
root and what is crown.
In this phase, the basal lamina (which separates the internal epithelium from the dental papilla) is well defined.
It will form the pre-forming membrane, through which signaling molecules will circulate to
make the differentiation.
The dental follicle becomes more evident.
At the end of the campanula phase, the connecting pedicle breaks, causing the script to...
bones begin to appear. The bone subsequently encompasses the entire tooth.

End of the bellflower phase

Red line: membrane

pre-former/basal membrane
 Vitória Mendes - Dentistry UFPE 2021.2

It is at the end of the campanula phase that all differentiation will occur.
● After the signaling of the enamel knot, the cells of the inner epithelium begin to grow and
they invert the polarity (they have a polarized core). When this happens, it means that it
it will start to secrete. In other words... the cell of the E.I. that was cubic with a central round nucleus
differentiated into a tall, cylindrical cell with inverted polarity → this cell is
call of PRE-AMOLOBLAST (does not produce anything).
The pre-ameloblast, along with the pre-forming membrane, sends signals that will induce the
papilla cells (ectomesenchymal) going to the periphery and differentiating into PRE-
ODONTOBLASTS. These pre-odontoblasts produce the first layer of dentin,
call of MANTLE DENTIN.
This first production of dentin is the necessary stimulus for the pre-ameloblast to become
AMELOBLAST (and then it produces ENAMEL).
When the pre-odontoblast produces all the mantle dentin, it divides one last time and
forms two cells: the ODONTOBLAST (which will produce another type of dentin, the
circumpulpar - the largest part) and a stem cell.

P.S.: looked at the blade, saw dentin and enamel, it is already the 4th phase (crown).
 Vitória Mendes - Dentistry UFPE 2021.2

4TH STAGE: CROWN STAGE (advanced bellflower)

Understand the formation of enamel (amelogenesis), dentin (dentinogenesis), and pulp

polpogenesis
●Production of enamel and dentin up to the cervical loop. The crown phase ends when the enamel
arrives at the cervical loop.

5th PHASE: ROOT PHASE (rhizogenesis)

In this phase, new structures are formed: epithelial diaphragm (which will form the future foramen of the apex)
from the root) and, induced by the epithelial diaphragm, Hertwig's epithelial sheath (increase of the loop
cervical.
The Hertwig epithelial sheath induces pulp cells to transform into
root odontoblasts, for the production of root dentin.
When dentin production in the root begins, the Hertwig's sheath disintegrates, causing
that the dental follicle comes into contact with the root dentin that is being formed, when
this happens, a hyaline membrane begins to form, which will cause the cells
the follicle differentiates into 3 types of cells: cementoblast (to form cement),
fibroblast (to form the fibers of the periodontal ligament) and osteoblast (to form the bone)
alveolar.
That is... the formation of the root occurs simultaneously with the formation of the periodontium.
In multi-rooted teeth, the crowns are larger and form an epithelial diaphragm as well.
Larger. From this diaphragm, flaps emerge that will divide it to form two or three roots.

Training of the permanents

At the end of development, there are 10 formed deciduous teeth in the maxilla and 10 in the mandible.
jaw
There are no deciduous premolars.
Each tooth bud has a corresponding permanent one, with the exception of the molars. For example, if the
The deciduous central incisor is in the cap stage, from the dental lamina the central incisor emerges.
permanent, which will be in the bud stage.
The first deciduous molar will give rise to the first permanent premolar and the second molar.
deciduous to the second permanent premolar.
The molars do not have an ancestor, the vestibular lamina of the molar will emerge from the expansion of
maxilla and mandible, as there is no space at the beginning.