Analysis of Braced Structures with ETABS

Ing. Ronald Santana Tapia – Associate Researcher

FIC _ UNCP
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The structure of 2 floors shown in the figure will be analyzed, which will be intended for an educational center.
The staircase is an independent structure. In the transverse direction, there are masonry walls.
alternating with reinforced concrete frames. In the longitudinal direction there are frames. The walls
transversals are attached to the concrete structure; those in the longitudinal direction are
separados (sólo se considerará su masa o peso, pero no su rigidez). Las losas serán aligeradas, de
20 cm thick, with beams in the longitudinal direction (X).

Additional Information:
Properties of materials
Reinforced Concrete f’c210 kg/cm2
E = 15,000 √f’c
= 2.4 t/m3
Masonry (solid) f’m= 45 kg/cm2
E = 500 f’m
= 1.9 t/m3

Weight of lightweight slabs 300 kg/m2

Floor and ceiling finishes 100 kg/m2
Live loads Classes 300 kg/m2
Passages 400 kg/m2
Roofs 100 kg/m2

Earthquake
Seismic zone 3 Z = 0.4
Category A (essential) U = 1.5
Soil profile S1 S = 1.0
T0= 0.4 s
Seismic amplification coefficient C = 2.5 (T1< 0.4 s)
Reduction of the response R = 3 (transversal, masonry)
R = 8 (longitudinal, portals)

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Weights (totals) at each level (t):

Total level 1 Weight/m2 Total level 2 Weight/m2

Slabs 40.39 31.97

Beams, columns 46.35 32.45
Masonry 40.41 12.39
Finishes 15.85 12.52
50% or 25% live load 25.45 3.13
Total pairs 168.45 1.06 92.43 0.739

Equivalent lateral forces to earthquake:

Component Longitudinal Transversal

ZUCS/R 0.188 0.500

V base(t) 48.92 130.44
F2 24.85 66.26
F1 July 24 64.18

To start the program:

1. Double click on the ETABS icon on the desktop or look for the folder where it was installed.
program and click on [Link].
2. In the dropdown list in the bottom right corner, select the units Ton-m - °C.
3. If it's necessary to modify the toolbar, hover the mouse over the gray area at the part
upper part of the screen and right-click with the mouse button. The toolbars do not
they are essential, but they simplify data entry.

Reference Axes
4. FILE Menu – New Model (or New Model button on the toolbar)
5. In the New Model Initialization form, indicate Default EDB
6. In the Building Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition form:
There is no need to modify the units indicated in the center, towards the right side.
With the Uniform Grid Spacing button checked:
 Number Lines in X Direction = 5
 Number Lines in Y Direction = 3
 Spacing in X Direction = 3.875
 Spacing in Y Direction = 7.65
Mark Custom Grid Spacing
With the Grid Labels button, you can modify the names of the axes:
 Write 1 in the Beginning X ID box.
 Escriba A en Beginning Y ID
 Check Top to Bottom for the address Y, then OK
Click on Edit Grid ...
 Choose the option Display Grid as Spacing
 Change Bubble Size to 1
 In the Y Grid Data table, change the value 7.65 in the line corresponding to axis C to 2.1
 OK

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 In the Story Dimensions box, check that Simple Story Data is selected and then:
 Number of Stories = 2
 Typical Story Height = 3
 Bottom Story Height = 3.4
Check the Custom Story Data option and click on Edit Story Data. In the Story Data box not
Changes are required. Cancel.
Close the Building Plan form by clicking OK
Two windows open, one with a three-dimensional view and the other flat. To activate or 'focus' one
window click anywhere in the window. Use the buttons with an up arrow or down
down, to change the view. You can also use the 3D, plan or elevation buttons to present a view
three-dimensional, a plant or the elevation on an axis. To change the number of windows you can use the
OPTIONS menu - Windows.
7. File Menu – Save As ...
Select the folder where you will save your work. Enter the name of the work (without extension) and
click on Save. The program saves a binary file with the extension EDB (Etabs Data Base)
in which all the information is stored. To save a text file, use the FILE menu and then
Export – Save Model as Etabs.e2kText File.

Materials
8. DEFINE Menu – Material Properties
9. In the Define Materials box, check CONC and then click Modify/Show Material.
10. In the Material Property Data table indicate (all units are tons and meters):
Mass per unit Volume = 0.245
Weight per unit Volume = 2.40
Modulus of Elasticity = 2.E6
Poisson’s ratio = 0.20
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.E-5
Reinforcing yield stress = 42000
Concrete strength = 2100
Shear steel yield stress = 28000
In the Color box, choose a light gray.
OK.
11. In the Define Materials box, click on Add New Material
12. In the Material Property Data table indicate (t,m):
Material Name: MAMP
Type of Design: None
Mass per unit Volume = 0.194
Weight per unit Volume = 1.90
Modulus of Elasticity = 225000 (t/m2)
Poisson's ratio = 0.25
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.E-5
Type of Design: None
In the color box, choose a color similar to that of the clay brick.
OK and again OK to close the Define Materials box.
13. Click on the Save button (the one with a diskette drawn on it).

Sections of Linear Elements

14. DEFINE Menu – Frame Sections.

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15. In the second dropdown list of the Define Frame Sections box, choose Add Rectangular:
16. In the Rectangular Section box:
Change the section name to V25x65
Deploy the materials list and select CONC (this is very important).
Depth = 0.65
Width = 0.25
Click on Reinforcement – Check Beam and OK
OK (return to the Define Frame Sections box)
17. You can delete the other sections by selecting them with the Shift key and then
clicking on Delete Property.
18. Similarly add the rectangular sections V30x65 and V15x20.
19. In the second dropdown, select Add Rectangular again:
20. In the Rectangular Section box:
Change the section name to C25x60
Unfold the list of materials and select CONC.
Depth = 0.60
Width = 0.25
Click on Reinforcement – Mark Column and OK
OK (return to the Define Frame Sections box)
21. Repeat to define section C25x90
22. In the second dropdown list, select AddTee.
23. In the 'Tee Section' box:
Change the section name to T90x45
Unroll the list of materials and select CONC.
Outside stem t3 = 0.45
Outside Flange t2 = 0.90
Flange thickness tf = 0.25
Stem thickness tw = 0.30
OK (return to the Define Frame Sections box)
24. Upon completing all the required sections, click OK again to close the Define box.
Frame Sections.
25. Click on the Save button (the one with a diskette drawing).

Sections of Area Elements

26. DEFINE Menu – Wall / Slab / Deck Sections
27. In the Define Wall / Slab / Deck Sections window, delete SLAB1 and PLANK1 with the Delete button.
Section.
28. Select WALL1 and click on Modify/Show Section... In the Wall/Slab Section box:
Change the name to MURO25
In the dropdown list, select the MAMP material.
Make sure that the thickness is indicated as 0.25, both in the 'Membrane' box and in
Bending
OK.
29. Select DECK1 and click on Modify/Show Section… In the Wall/Slab Section box:
Change the name to LOSA20
Select the Filled Deck option.

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 In the dropdown list, select the material CONC.
Slab Depth (tc) = 0.05
Deck Depth (hr) = 0.15
Rib Width (wr) = 0.10
Rib Spacing (Sr) =0.40
Unit Weight/Area = 0.09. This is the weight of the lightweight bricks.
Ignore the Composite Deck Studs
OK (return to the Define Wall / Slab / Deck Sections window)
30. OK (close the window)

Drawing of Linear Elements

31. Focus on the 'Plan View' window. In the lower right corner, expand the list where
change the mode from 'One Story' to 'Similar Stories'
32. Click the button 'Create Columns in Region or at Clicks' (a light blue W profile with
red dot in the center) or menu DRAW - Draw Line Objects - Create Columns in Region or at
Clicks.
33. In the 'Properties of Objects' window, select the C25x90 section; then click on the positions.
A3 and B3.
34. In the 'Properties of Objects' window, select C25x60 and click on positions A1, B1, A5, B5.
To place the columns in the correct position, you can use 'Plan Offset X', equal to +.175 on the axis.
1 is equal to -0.175 on axis 5.
35. Choose T90x45, Angle 90 and click on A2, A4.
36. Again T90x45, Angle -90 and click on B2, B4.
37. Change the drawing mode by clicking the button 'Create Lines in Region or at Clicks'
(button over the previously used) or use the DRAW menu - Draw Line Objects - Create Lines in
Region or at Clicks.
38. Choose section V25x65 and click on the grid lines on axes A and B (a total of 8)
times). Continue with axes 1, 3, and 5, between axes A and B.
39. Change the section to V30x65 and click on the beams of axes 2 and 4, between axes A and B (that is,
draw 2 elements x 2 levels)
Change the 'Similar Stories' mode to 'One Story'.
41. Move the plan view to the ceiling of level 1, using the button with the down arrow.
42. Change the section to V25x65 and click on the cantilevers, between axes B and C, on axes 1 to 5.
43. Change the section to V15x20 and click on the 4 segments of axis C.
44. Press the ESC key to exit this drawing mode.
45. Click on the Save button (the one with a floppy disk icon).

Adding Slabs
46. Click on the button 'Create Areas at Clicks' (a light blue box with a red dot in the center) or
menu DRAW - Draw Area Objects - Create Areas at Clicks.
In the "Properties of Objects" window, select LOSA20
48. Check that you are in 'One Story' mode and that the floor plan corresponds to level 1.
49. Click on the 4 cloths in the hallway area, between axes 1 and 5, B and C.
In the bottom right corner, choose the 'Similar Stories' mode.
Click on the 4 rags between axes A and B.
52. Exit this drawing mode with the ESC key.
53. Focus on the window with the 3D view and click the button to refresh the window (a pencil
yellow on gray background.
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54. Click on the Save button (the one with a floppy disk icon).

Adding Walls
55. Re-focus the window with the floor plan view. Check that it is in 'Similar' mode.
Stories
56. Click on the button 'Create Walls in Region or at Clicks' (light blue horizontal bar with red dot at
center) or use the menu DRAW - Draw Area Objects - Create Walls in Region or at Clicks.
57. In the 'Properties of Objects' window, select WALL25.
58. Click on axes 1, 3, and 5, between axes A and B.
Press the ESC key.
60. Select each of the recently added wall elements. This can be done with the menu.
SELECT - by Area Object Type - Wall - OK. La selección se evidencia por rectángulos con líneas
segmented.
61. EDIT Menu - Mesh Areas
62. In the Mesh Selected Areas box: Mesh Quads/Triangles into 4 by 2 – OK
63. Select all with the ALL button
64. EDIT Menu - Divide Lines
65. In the Divide Selected Lines window, check the option 'Break at intersections with selected Lines and
Points" - OK. The beams and columns will be divided consistently with the walls.
66. Focus on the window with the 3D view and click on the Set Building View Options button.
(light blue square with a check).
67. In the Set Building View Options window:
In the box 'View by Colors of' check 'Materials'
In the 'Special Effects' box, check 'Extrusion'.
OK
68. Click the Save button (the one with a diskette icon).

Supports
69. Bring the window with the floor plan view into focus and click on the down arrow button,
showing the plane Z = 0.
70. Select all the knots in the plane with a collapsible window.
71. Click on the Assign Restraints (Supports) button or menu ASSIGN - Joint - Restraints. The
frame 'Joint Restraints'.
72. In the 'Joint Restraints' box:
Check the boxes corresponding to the six degrees of freedom. The same is achieved more
easily by clicking on the button that shows an embedding.
OK.

Rigid Diaphragms
73. Focus on a window with a floor plan view and click the buttons with the up arrow or
downward, in order to show the slab of the first level (Z=3.4). You can also use the Plan button.
Make sure that the option has been selected in the drop-down list at the bottom right.
One Story.
74. With an extendable window from left to right, select all the first-level nodes.
75. In the ASSIGN menu, choose Joint/Point – Rigid Diaphragm.
76. In the Assign Diaphragm box, make sure D1 is selected and click OK.
77. With the up arrow, move the flat view to the second level.
78. Select all the second-level nodes and repeat ASSIGN – Joint/Point – Rigid Diaphragm.

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In the white box in the upper left corner, type D2 and click on Add New Diaphragm.
and then in OK.

Static Load System Declaration

80. DEFINE Menu - Static Load Cases
81. In the Define Static Load Cases panel:
Select DEAD and change it to D.
Keep the type DEAD and 1 in Self Weight Multiplier
Click on Modify Load
Select LIVE and change it to L1.
Keep the type LIVE and 0 in Self Weight Multiplier
Click on Modify Load
Write L2 instead of L1
Click on Add new Load
Write L3 instead of L2
Click on Add new Load
Write SX instead of L3
In the dropdown list of the second column, select QUAKE.
In the fourth column choose User Loads
Click on Add new Load
Write SY instead of SX
Click on Add new Load
OK
82. Click the Save button (the one with a diskette drawn on it).

Combinations
83. MENU DEFINE –Combinations
84. In the Define Response Combinations box, click on Add New Combo
85. In the Response Combination Data table:
86. Click on Add New Combo (COMB1) and in the Load Combination Data box:
Expand the Combination Type list and Select Add.
Deploy the Case Name list and choose D. In the Scale Factor box, write 1.5. Add.
Deploy the Case Name list and select L1. In the Scale Factor box, write 1.8. Add.
Unfold the Case Name list and select L3. Add.
OK
87. Repeat by defining the remaining combinations:
COMB2 = 1.5 D + 1.8 L2
COMB3 = 1.5 D + 1.8 (L1 + L2 + L3)
COMB4 = 1.25 (D + L1 + L2 + L3) + SX
COMB5 = 1.25 (D + L1 + L2 + L3) - SX
COMB6 = 1.25 (D + L1 + L2 + L3) + SY
COMB7 = 1.25 (D + L1 + L2 + L3) - SY
COMB8 = 0.9 D + SX
COMB9 = 0.9 D + SX
COMB10 = 0.9 D + SY
COMB11 = 0.9 D - SY
88. Finally, Add New Combo and in the Response Combination Data box:
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 Combination Name: E
Expand the Load Combination Type list and select Envelope
Expand the Case Name list and select COMB1. In the Scale Factor box, enter 1. Add.
Repeat to add COMB2 … up to COMB11, always with factor 1.
OK
89. Define combinations by clicking OK and then click the Save button.

Vertical Loads
90. Check that the window displaying a floor plan of level 1 is in focus (it can be used)
the button 'Plan View')
91. Select the beams of axes A and C.
92. Click on the Assign Frame Distributed Loading button (it has a drawing of a beam with loads) or
good menu ASSIGN – Frame/Line Loads – Distributed.
93. In the Frame Distributed Loads box:
Make sure that D is indicated in the Load Case Name box.
Select Gravity from the dropdown list for Direction.
In the Unit Load box enter 0.285
OK, this closes the box and clears the selection.
94. Repeat for the beams of axis B, with the load 0.513
95. Select Menu - By Area Object Type - Floor - OK
96. Click on the Assign Uniform Load button or menu ASSIGN - Shell/Area Loads - Uniform.
97. In the Uniform Surface Loads window, type 0.1 in the 'Loads' box. OK.
98. Select the four slab elements between axes B and C.
99. Click on the Assign Uniform Load button or menu ASSIGN - Shell/Area Loads - Uniform.
100. In the Uniform Surface Loads window:
In 'load Case Name' choose L1
Write 0.4 in the "Loads" box
Keep 'Gravity' in the 'Direction' box.
OK.
101. Select the four slab elements between axes A and B and indicate the load 0.3 (t/m2) in the
set of loads L2.
102. With the up arrow key, move the view to Z = 6.4 and select the four elements.
of the slab between A and B.

103. Again click on the Assign Uniform Load button or menu ASSIGN - Shell/Area Loads -
Uniform.
104. In the Uniform Surface Loads window:
In 'load Case Name' choose L3
Write 0.1 in the "Loads" box
Keep "Gravity" in the "Direction" box.
OK and click on the Save button

Earthquake Forces
105. MENU DEFINE – Static Load Cases
106. In the Define Static Load Case Names box, select SX and click on Modify Lateral.
Loads…
107. At the bottom of the User Seismic Loading box, check the option Apply at Center of Mass and
keep the value 0.05 in Additional Ecc. Ratio.

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108. In the FX column indicate 24.85 for D2 and 24.07 for D1. Then OK.
109. Select SY and click on Modify Lateral Loads.
110. Check the Apply at Center of Mass option.
111. In the FY column, indicate 66.26 for D2 and 64.18 for D1. Then OK and again OK.

Analysis
112. Optional:
ANALYZE Menu – Set Options
Check the 'Include P-Delta' option and click on 'Set P-Delta Parameters'.
In the 'P-Delta Parameters' window, enter 3 in the iterations box, then click OK (accepting the changes).
program standard) and again OK.
113. Run Button (it's similar to the Play key of a recorder) - Run Now
114. At the end: OK. The deformed shape for the load system D is displayed. Use the buttons in the
bottom right to show other cases.
115. Display Static Deformed Shape Button (a frame with lateral displacement). Alternative: menu
DISPLAY – Show Deformed Shape
116. In the Deformed Shape box select SX - Check Wire Shadow - OK
117. Show Forces Button Frames/Cables (frame with bending moment diagram). Alternative:
menu DISPLAY – Show Forces/Stresses - Frames/Cables.
118. In the box: Select E from the drop-down list - Check, for example, Moment 33 - OK
119. Right-click on any beam.

Design
120. OPTIONS Menu – Preferences – Concrete Frame Design – Ensure that ACI-318 will be used - OK
121. Menu DESIGN – Concrete Frame Design – Select Design Combo
122. In the Design Load Combinations Selection box, use the Add and Remove keys to place in the
Design Combos only combination E if beams are to be designed or the combinations
COMB1 to COMB11 (but not E) if columns are to be designed.
123. Menu DESIGN – Concrete Frame Design - Start Design/Check …
124. Change units to Ton-cm. Refresh the windows.
125. Right-click on a beam - Observe the table indicating the reinforcement
for each combination and section.
126. Select a combination for a section - Click on the 'Details' button - After
To observe the results, close the box by clicking on the upper right corner.
127. Right-click on a column - Observe the table.
128. Click on 'Flex. Details' - Close the window.

Data and Results Tables, Graphs

129. To print results, use the FILE – PrintTables - Analysis Results menu. You can also
use the DISPLAY menu - OutputTables.
130. The graphics can be printed directly. However, it is better to prepare a graphic file.
in jpg format. To this end, use the FILE menu - Capture Picture - Current Window w/o Title Bar -
Indicate name and folder -OK. In version 7 you can copy the screen to the clipboard (Print Screen).
To change background colors and others, use the OPTIONS – Colors menu.

Alternative for Spectral Modal Superposition Seismic Analysis

131. When declaring load cases, do not include SX and SY.
132. DEFINE Menu - Mass Source.

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133. In the 'Define Mass Source' window
Mark 'From Loads'
Click on the ADD button
Expand the Load list and select L1
On the right write 0.5
Click on the Add button.
Change L1 to L2 and again Add.
Change L2 to L3, write 0.25 instead of 0.5, and again Add.
OK
134. Menu DEFINE – Response Spectrum Functions
135. In the Define Response Spectrum Functions box, choose Add User Spectrum. In the new
frame
Indicate E030R8 (or any other name) in Function Name.
Escriba en Time y Value los pares de valores que definen el espectro de seudo aceleraciones.
After entering each pair of values, click on Add:
0 1.839
0.40 1.839
0.50 1.472
…
The spectrum must be given in m/s2However, the values in g's could be entered here.
indicating later a scale factor of 9.81
OK
136. Repeat the previous steps to define another spectrum E030R3 - OK
Write the pairs of values in Time and Value:
0 4.905
0.40 4.905
0.50 3.925
…
OK
137. Menu DEFINE – Response Spectrum Cases
138. In the Define Response Spectrum box, click the Add New Spectra button.
In the Response Spectrum Case Data table:
Write SX in Spectrum Case Name
Ensure that the CQC combination option is selected and enter 0.05 in the box.
Damping
Expand the list in box U1 and select E030R8
Enter 1 (or another factor, as needed) in the Scale Factor box
OK
139. Press the Add New Spectra button again.
140. In the Response Spectrum Case Data table:
Write SY in Spectrum Case Name
Drop down the list in box U1 and select the blank space
Expand the list in box U2 and select E030R3
Enter 1 (or another factor, as needed) in the Scale Factor box.
Keep the other data – OK and again OK to close the box
141. Click on the Save button (the one with a floppy disk icon).
142. Check the option 'Dynamic Analysis' and click on 'Set Dynamic Parameters'.
143. Indicate the number of modes and then click OK and OK.
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The combinations can be reduced to 7, since the program assigns the double sign ± to it.
the results of SX and SY.

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