Chapter 1: design and sizing of the

wooden framework

the architectural choice of the framework is the same as that of the other variants the only difference is
at the height of the poles that we have reduced to 5 m due to the buckling effect and the
low resistance of wood to this effect.

The components of our framework are schematized in the following figure:

Standards and regulations:

The sizing of wooden frames required us to work with several standards and
regulations that ensure compliance with their manufacturing and implementation.

The Eurocodes constitute a set of 58 European standards to harmonize the

calculation methods for the stability and sizing of the different elements of the
structure. Regarding wood frame construction, we are working with

Eurocode 5: regarding calculation methods for the establishment of objects

wooden frameworks to ensure optimal safety.

French Rules CB71 is the old regulation applied in France before the Eurocodes. For
In the case of our project, we used it for verification by Robot.

The NV 65 rule takes into account the climatic loads (snow and wind) induced by the
terrain situation on the construction.
1 | Page
 1.1. WOOD, AN INTELLIGENT MATERIAL

Wood, a fascinating, versatile, and intelligent material, plays an important role in many ways for
les humains. Dans la forêt, le jeune arbre, en plus de ses fonctions vitales pour le bien-être, la
environmental protection and as a natural product, already fulfills a valuable task: it
absorbs harmful carbon dioxide from the air, assimilates carbon, and by releasing oxygen, improves
the quality of the air we breathe.

Fascinating, the countless uses of wood, from the simple wooden kitchen spoon, to furniture,
of the work of art, of the musical instrument or of the biofuel for heat production and
of energy, up to the high-tech component for building and solid wood constructions.

Daily, we come into contact with this extraordinary material. The characteristics of
this manifests itself also in its load-bearing capacity, its durability, its stability, and its qualities
fireproof. Wood is beneficial for human well-being and health.

1.2. The Different Types of Wood

[Link] (GL)

Glulam or glulam wood is a material obtained by gluing together several strips.

inwoodwhose grain is essentially parallel. Glued laminated timber is referred to as more
simply laminated or laminated wood.

His interest lies on one hand in the manufacturing of a large piece or of particular shapes.
which could not have been obtained by using the same material without transformation, on the other hand
the improvement of mechanical resistance compared to a solid wood piece (thanks to sorting and
purging defects).

THE ADVANTAGES

Lift force

Dimensional stability

Speed of implementation quality of surfaces

Reduced weight

Ease of creating numerous prefabricated sets

Multitude of forms

Compactness and high resistance

Versatility of architectural designs

2 | Page
 1.2.2. SOLID WOOD (C and D)

Solid wood is extracted from a felled tree trunk to be cut into beams,
boards, battens, slats, rafters, trays, and strips.

They are generally sold rough or planed. The wood sold rough is used for frameworks and
the planed one sold is directly usable for carpentry.

SOLID WOOD FAMILIES:

We classify the various types of wood into two main groups: hardwoods and softwoods.

Hardwood (angiosperms) comes from deciduous plants, that is to say, those that shed their leaves.
cyclically every year.

Coniferous woods (gymnosperms) come from evergreen plants.

However, we can mention a few exceptions, such as the Green Oak which is a broadleaf tree with foliage.
persistent or the Larch, which is a conifer whose needles fall in winter.

More technically, hardwood and softwood materials differ in

level of the structure of their tissues. This difference affects, among other things, the properties
mechanical and thermal properties of the material or its ability to withstand alterations
biological.

This table summarizes the classes of wood based on their species:

Wood essence Classes EN 338

Fir, spruce, Douglas C18, C24, C30
Pins : sylvestre, maritime, noir, laricio C 14, C18, C24, C30
Larch C18, C24, C27
Sitka, poplar C18, C24
Oak D18, D24, D30
["Gonfolo","Goupi","Alimiao"] D40
Angélique D50
Jaboty D35

Les avantages ET inconvénients du bois massif :

It has the advantage of having a beautiful color and good grain. On the other hand, it has several
disadvantages:

Due to variations in temperature and humidity, it tends to deform.

The price is quite high due to noble woods such as oak, beech, mahogany, teak...

3 | Page
For the production of the boards, the width is limited as it cannot exceed the diameter.
the tree trunk.

[Link]
1.3.1. Transformation of a point charge into a distributed charge
Condition
The point charges are of the same intensity.

Point charges have the same spacing.

We will apply the following transformation:

F
q=
a
[Link] a
surface charge
in one load
linear

The beams receive a surface load q in

kN/m2The joists are spaced with a center-to-center distance e =
0.5m

The hatched area is taken over by the beam.

The loading band of the beam is worth e*l.

So we can write:

qlinear=qsurface∗e

4 | Page
 [Link] for the resistance values of wood

The resistance of wood and derived products is related to their average moisture content and the duration of application.
of loads and the wide dispersion of mechanical characteristics.

[Link] k mod (modifying)

The resistance of wood (within the same strength class) is influenced by two
settings :

The duration of the application of the loads;

The average moisture content of the wood when it is put into use.

Indeed, dry wood supporting a short-term load will be more resistant than wet wood.
supporting a load over a long period. These two characteristics allow us to define the factor
kmod(modifier).

The factor kmodmust be selected based on the shortest load. If a combination of

the charge includes structural charges and operating charges, the factor kmodevening
selected based on operating charges.

Tables 15 and 16 mention the value of [Link] on the duration of the charge and the class
of the service.

Value of kmodsolid wood, glued laminated timber, laminated wood (LVL) and
plywood

Loading time Service class

1 2 3

Duration class Example Hbois < 13% 13% < Hbois < 20 Hbois > 20%
(local % (sous abri) (extérieur)
Permanent Charge of 0.6 0.6 0.5
(> 10 years)
Long term Storage 0.7 0.7 0.55
(6 months to 10 years)
Medium term Charges
(1 week to 6 exploitation 0.8 0.8 0.65
Snow
Altitude > 1,000
Short term Snow 0.9 0.9 0.7
(< 1 week) Altitude < 1,000
Instantaneous Wind, snow 1,1 1,1 0.9
exceptional

5 | Page
 Value of k mod thin, long, and oriented strand boards (OSB)

Loading time Class of service

1 1 2

Classe de durée Exemple Hbois < 13 Hbois < 13 % 13 % < Hbois < 20
OSB/2 OSB/3, OSB/3, OSB/4
Permanent Charge of 0.3 0.4 0.3
(> 10 years)
Long term Storage 0.45 0.5 0.4
(6 months to 10 years)
Medium term Charges
(1 week to 6 exploitation 0.65 0.7 0.55
Snow > 1000 m
Short term Snow < 1000 m 0.85 0.9 0.7
(< 1 week)
Instantaneous Wind, snow 1,1 1,1 0.9
exceptional

[Link] M
The dispersion of the mechanical properties of the metal is lower than the dispersion of the products.
wood derivatives, which are themselves weaker than the dispersion of solid wood. The coefficient M
(material) decreases the resistance of materials. Table 17 indicates the value of the Mfor the
main structural materials.

Value of dugMdepending on the dispersion of the material

Ultimate limit states

Fundamental combinations
Wood 1,3
Glued-laminated timber 1.25
Materials
Laminated wood (LVL), OSB 1,2
Assemblies 1.3
Accidental combinations 1.0
Service limit states 1,0

[Link] values of deflections

Eurocode 5 distinguishes the instantaneous deflection (Winst), the creep arrow (Wcreep), the counter-arch (Wc),
the final resultant arrow (Wnet, financeand the final arrow (W)end).

The instantaneous arrow (Winstis caused by the set of loads at the time of their application.

The creep arrow (Wcreepcorresponds to the amplification of the arrow due to long-term charges.
The calculation of loads is carried out based on combinations of quasi-permanent actions (ELS)diff, p.
6 | Page
A multiplicative coefficient kdef(in table 19, p. 27) allows for consideration of creep of the
wood in service.

The final arrow (Wendis the sum of instantaneous arrow (Winst) and the arrow of creep (Wcreep) : Wend= Winst+ Wcreep .

The counter-arch (W)ccan be carried out in the workshop during the beam manufacturing process, particularly the
glulam beams. It significantly increases the absolute value of the deformation.
from the beam while remaining within regulatory limits.

The final resultant arrow (Wnet, finance) is the total apparent deflection measured under the support line. It
is determined by the formula:
Wnet, fin

= Wend– Wc

= Winst+ Wcreep– Wc

the final resultant arrow (W net, finance) is measured under the supports

Three constraints are imposed: the final deflection, the instantaneous deflection under variable loads.
(Winst(Q)) and the possible counter-bow fin (included in W). Table 18 indicates the values of
conventional arrows. These values are arrows relative to the distance between supports. L/300
represents a deflection of 2 cm for a beam of 6 m between supports.

Limit values for vertical and horizontal arrows

Common buildings Agricultural buildings and

similar
Winst (Q) Wnet, W fin
fin Winst (Q) Wnet, W fin
fin
Chevrons – L/150 L/150 – L/150 L/150
Elements L/300 L/200 L/125 L/200 L/150 L/100

Brackets and cantilevers: the limit value will be doubled. The minimum limit value is 5 mm.

Floor panels or roof supports: Wnet,fin< L/250.

7 | Page
Horizontal deflection: L/200 for individual elements subjected to wind. For other applications,
they are identical to the vertical limit values of the structural elements.

Table 19 allows for the calculation of the influence of creep on deformation. It mentions the value of
kdefdepending on the moisture content of the wood. This criterion is very important, as it can vary from 0.6 to 2, or even 3.
for wood with a moisture content greater than 20%.

Value of Kdef (creep)

Class of service
1 2 3
Material / duration class of Hbois < 13% 13% < Hbois < 20 Hbois > 20
charge (local % (under shelter) % (outdoor)
Solid wood (1) NF EN 14081-1 0.60 0.80 2.00
from May 2006

Glulam NF EN 14080 0.60 0.80 2.00

of December 2005
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)NF
EN 14374 0.60 0.80 2.00
March 2005
NF EN 636
December 2003
Dry environment 0.80 No subject Without subject
Plywood
Wet environment 0.80 1.00 No subject
Outdoor environment 0.80 1.00 2.50
NF EN 300
October 2006
OSB
OSB/2 2.25 Without subject No subject
OSB /3 /4 1.50 2.25 Without object
EN 312
February 2004
Dry environment (P4)
2.25 Without subject No subject
Panel
Wet environment (P5) 2.25 3.00 No subject
of particles Under constraint 1.50 No subject No subject
high, dry environment
Under
constraint 1.50 2.25 Without object
elevated, middle
For solid woods placed at a humidity higher than 20% and likely to
dry under load (service class 2), k has increased
def by 1.00.

1.6. Axial compression with risk of buckling

The elements subjected to axial compression are generally columns, house studs.
wood-frame, bracing elements, etc.

The axial compression constraint induced by the load (cf. the combination of actions of the states
ultimate limits, on page 12) must remain less than or equal to the axial compressive strength
8 | Page
calculated. If there is a risk of buckling, the compressive strength will be reduced by the
coefficient kc,zyou kc,y.

σc,0,d
Work rate= <=1
Kc,z∗fc,0,d

σc,0,daxial compression constraint induced by the ultimate limit state combinations in MPa

N
σ c,0,d=
A

N : compression effort in Newton.

room area in mm2.

fc,0,daxial compression strength calculated in MPa

k∗kmod
f c,0,d=f c, 0,
gm

fc,0,kCharacteristic compressive strength constraint in MPa.

kmodmodifying coefficient based on the short-term load and service class.

M : coefficient partiel qui tient compte de la dispersion du matériau.

kc,yor youc,zequal to 1 if there is no risk of buckling, otherwise the most critical buckling coefficient
unfavorable, according to the y or z axis

1
Kc, y=
( Ky+√Ky −λrel , y 2 )
2

Ky=0.5∗ [ 1+ βc∗( λrel, y−0.3+) λrel, y ]

2

bc 0.2 for solid wood and 0.1 for laminated wood.

The coefficient kc,zse is calculated on the same principle, but in relation to the z-axis.

lrel: taking into account the buckling of a rectangular piece with the same length of
buckling in both directions of the section (y and z)

9 | Page
Risk of buckling if the slenderness ratio rel, max > 0.3.

Buckling corresponds to the instability of a component subjected to axial compression. There is a risk
of movement according to the minimum slenderness of the part. A rectangular part has two
principal directions of inertia along the y and z axes. In diagram 3, the z axis is in the same
direction than the height. The risk of buckling will be greater around this axis, it corresponds
to the axis of rotation if the column buckles (for identical connections along the y and z axes).

Axes y and z of the section

Z

λrel, z=
pi √
λz fc,0,k
∗
E0.05

rel,zrelative thrust along the z-axis.

z mechanical strain along the z-axis.

fc,0,kcharacteristic constraint of axial compressive strength in MPa. E0.05axial module at 5e

percentile in MPa (or characteristic).

E0.05: axial module at the 5th percentile in MPa (or characteristic).

Influence of end assemblies on buckling length

10 | Page
 m=2 m=1 m = 0,7 m = 0,5
Lf = 2 log Lf = lg Lf = 0.7 lg Lf = 0.5 lg

Lf
λz=
√ IGz/ A
m: coefficient used to define the buckling length based on the connections to
ends of the bar.

Lf : longueur de la barre en mm.

1.7. The simple bending of straight beams

Bending concerns many parts, such as joists, main beams, and all others.
horizontal elements. This request is the most frequently encountered.

The beams work in simple bending when they deform in one plane and when they do not
do not simultaneously undergo other stresses, such as tension or compression.

11 | Page
The justification of straight beams working in bending must be carried out based on the strength criterion, the
the beam must not break and on the deformation criterion, the deflection of the beam must not exceed a
limit value taking into account the increase of the deflection over time, it is creep. The
Deformations increase with the duration of load application and the humidity of the wood.

1.7.1. Verification of resistance (ULS)

Bending produces a stress in the direction of the beam's axis, that is to say normal to the
beam section. This stress is zero on the midline (middle of the beam if the section
is symmetrical). It is maximal in the upper and lower areas of the beam (diagram 18). The
The bending constraint is induced by the load calculated at the ULS, ultimate limit states (p. 12).
It must remain below the determined resistance constraint.

σ m,d
Work rate= <=1
Kcrit∗fm,d

σm,d bending constraint induced by the combination of ultimate limit states in MPa

Mf , y
σm,d=
IGy
V

Mf,ybending moment.

IG,yquadratic moment, bh3/12 for a rectangular section positioned on edge.

V: distance to the neutral fiber, h/2 for a rectangular section arranged on edge.

k∗kmod
f m,d=f m , ∗ksys∗kh
gm

fm,kCharacteristic bending strength constraint in MPa.

kmodmodifying coefficient based on the short-term load and service class.

M partial coefficient that takes into account the material dispersion. ksysand khare detailed below.

12 | Page
ksyssystem effect coefficient

The system effect appears when several elements of the same nature and function are present.
(joists, beams) are subjected to the same type of uniformly distributed load. The resistance
the overall is then greater than the resistance of a single element taken in isolation. We will limit
its application to beams and assembled trusses using connectors. The coefficient is 1.1.

khheight coefficient

The coefficient khmajor the resistances for heights less than 150 mm for solid wood and
600 mm for laminated wood. The risk of hidden defects in the wood structure is lower.
important for small sections as for large sections.

Calculation of the height coefficient for solid wood

If h 150 mm, Kh = 1.

If h 150 mm, Kh = min (1.3; (150/h))0.2) With h the height of the room in mm.

Calculation of the height coefficient for laminated wood

If h 600 mm, Kh = 1.

If h < 600 mm, Kh = min (1.1, (600/h))0.1With h the height of the room in mm.

kcritcoefficient of instability from discharge

A beam subjected to a bending moment can buckle (lateral buckling of the member)
compressed). The calculation of the coefficient kcritis carried out from the critical bending constraint and
m,crit

the relative flexural slenderness rel,m.

Calculation of the critical stress σm,crit, constraint from which the overflow appears

0.78∗E0.05∗b 2
σm,crit=
[Link]

E0.05axial module at 5epercentile (or characteristic) in MPa. b and h: height and thickness of the
beam in mm.

lefeffective length, lef= L klefin mm.

Values of klefwhen the supports are limited in torsion (blocks, embedded in a wall...) :

On simple supports:
13 | Page
charge répartie : 0,9 ;

concentrated charge: 0.8.

On Overhang:

distributed charge: 0.5;

concentrated charge: 0.8.

If the beam is loaded on its compressed fiber lefis increased by the value 2h. If the beam is
loaded on its taut part, theefis reduced by 0.5 hours.

Calculation of the relative slenderness for bending lrel,m

λrel,m=
√ fm,k
σm,crit

critical bending constraint.

m, crit

fm,kcharacteristic bending constraint in MPa.

Value of the coefficient kcrit

Yes rel,m 0.75, kcritic= 1, no spillage.

If 0.75 < rel,m 1,4, kcrit1.56 - 0.75 rel,m .

If 1.4 < rel,m

, k = 1/crit . rel
2

14 | Page
 [Link] of beams and purlins

We have the following data:

the weight of the zinc roof is 25 Kg/m2

the weight of the insulation is 12 Kg/m2

The weight of the beam is 12 Kg/m2

the weight of the beam is 13 Kg/m2

charge exploitation due to the installation and maintenance of the roof (weight of a
person) is 1.5 kN/m2

Service class 1 (heated local)

The spacing between failures is 4 m

Entrance between doors is 5m

[Link] BEAM

We will work with a C22 beam with a height of h=100 mm and a width of b=100 mm

The spacing between the joists is 0.5 m

G= ( 25+12+12 )∗10=490N/m2

We increase the force of the weights to 0.5 kN/m2

Where from

q
=1.5∗Q+ 1.35∗G
m2

¿ 1.5∗1.5+1.35∗0.5=2.925kN/ m 2

What it implies:

15 | Page
 q
q= ∗e
m2

¿ 2.925∗0.5=1.4625kN/m

Calculate fm,d

k∗kmod
f m,d=f m , ∗ksys∗kh
gm

At h=100mm, we are in the case of solid wood so

Kh = min (1,3 ;(150/h)0.2) = 1.08

And Ksys=1.1

Kmod=0.9

Ym=1.3

22∗0.9
f m,d= ∗1.1∗1.08=18.09 MPa
1.3

We must check that:

sigma m,d
Work rate= <=1
Kcrit∗fm,d

Mf, y
σm,d=
With I am
V

q ¿ L2
Mf, y= =2.925kN.m
8

16 | Page
 6∗2925∗1000
σm,d= =17.55MPA
100∗1002

Calculatorσm,crit

0.78∗E0.05∗b 2 0.78∗6700∗1002
σm ,crit= = =137.52MPA
[Link] 100∗( 4000∗0.9+ 2∗100)

λrel,m=
√ fm,k
σm,crit
=0.4

So

 rel,m 0.75, kcrit= 1, no spillage.

Finally

σ m,d
Work rate= =0.97 ≤ 1
Kcrit∗fm,d

So the profiler (100*100) C22 checks the conditions of resistance and spillage.

1.8.2. Sizing of beams

We will apply the transformation.

next:

F
q=
a

With F in our case is

q∗L spacing a=0.5 m
F= =2.925kN
2

17 | Page
 F
q= =5.85 kN/m
Where from
a

kN
So q=qsolive+1.35∗Gpanne=5.85+0.52=6.37
m

On pend q = 6.4 kN/m

We are going to work with a C22 beam with a height of h=200 mm and a width of b=200 mm.

k∗kmod
f m,d=f m , ∗ksys∗kh
gm

At h=200mm, we are in the case of solid wood, so

h 150 mm, Kh = 1

And Ksys=1.1

Kmod=0.9

Ym=1.3

22∗0.9
f m,d= ∗1.1∗1=16.75MPA
1.3

We must verify that:

σ m,d
Work rate= <=1
Kcrit∗fm,d

Mf , y
σm,d=
With IGy
V

q ¿ L2
Mf , y= =20 kN·m
8

6∗20000∗1000
σm,d= =15MPA
200∗2002

18 | Page
 σm,crit
Calculating

0.78∗E0.05∗b 2 0.78∗8000∗2002
σm, crit= = =254.69MPA
[Link] 200∗(5000∗0.9+2∗200)

λrel,m=
√ fm,k
σm,crit
=0.29

So

 rel,m 0.75, kcrit= 1, no spillage.

Finally

σ m,d
Work rate= =0.89 ≤ 1
Kcrit∗fm,d

Donc le profiler (200*200) C22 vérifie les conditions de résistance et de déversement

1.9. Sizing of the portal frame (beam + column)

1.9.1. Beam sizing

In the same way we have the beams that rely on the girders from which we need to transform the
forces concentrated in an equivalent distributed load

With F in our case is F=q∗l=32kN center distance a=4 m

F
p= =8 k N /m
Where from
a

For the calculation of the applied load, we used the Robot software; the wind analysis is neglected.
snow charge since Fes is not in the snow risk zone and combinations of
charge and summary below

[Link] OF SNOW AND WIND LOADS according to NV65

19 | Page
The calculation of wind loads is done through a Robot simulation, the details of this calculation
is in Appendix N 1.

1.9.3. Ultimate limit state load combination

Below is the representation of the framework with the numbers of the bars and nodes

The combinations adopted at the ultimate limit state are:

q=1.35G+1.5Q+1.5W

The forces and moments applied to the frame are calculated using Robot the values.
The maximum requirements for sizing are summarized in the table below.

Fx [kN] Fz [kN] My
[kN.m]
bar 1 43.83 24 123.25
bar 2 81.79 13.22 123.25
barre 3 84.26 7.22 110.84

1.9.4. Combined flexion, bending and compression

The bending and compression constraints are induced by the load calculated at the ULS, ultimate limit states.
ultimate limits.

The sum of the two following ratios must remain less than 1:

induced bending stress divided by bending strength stress;

20 | Page
 compression constraint induced on the compressive strength constraint. In
this configuration (risk of spillage and buckling), you must:

increase the bending work rate by the kcrit coefficient of spill risk and
square it;

increase the work rate of compression by the risk coefficient kc,z

buckling.

2
Work rate=
σc,0,d
(
+
K c,z∗fc,0,dKcrit∗f m,d
σm,d
) ≤1
compression constraint induced by the combination of ultimate limit state actions in
c,0,d

MPa.

fc,0,dcalculated compressive strength in MPa.

kc,zbuckling coefficient (or kc,yif it is more unfavorable).

m,dbending constraint induced by the combination of ultimate limit state actions in MPa.

fm,dbending strength calculated in MPa.

kcritinstability coefficient from the spill.

The choice of the profile must meet the conditions of mechanical resistance, resistance to
buckling and assembly conditions

For the case of the beam, we opted for a laminated wood profile GL36c (1000*270)
2
Work rate=
σc,0,d
(
+
K c,z∗fc,0,dKcrit∗f m,d
σm,d
) ≤1
With

N43.83∗1000
σ c,0,d= = =0.1623MPA
A 1000∗270

Mf, y Mf, y
σm,d= = =2.74MPA
IGy b∗h∗h
V 6

k∗kmod29∗0.9
f c,0,d=f c,0, = =20.08MPA
gm 1.3

21 | Page
 k∗kmod
f m,d=f m , ∗ksys∗kh
gm

Calculation of the height coefficient for laminated wood

If h 600 mm, Kh = 1

36∗0.9
f m,d= ∗1.1∗1=27.41MPA
1.3

0.78∗E0.05∗b 2
σm,crit= =33.83MPA
[Link]

λrel,m=
√ fm,k
σm,crit
=1.031

If 0.75 < rel,m 1,4, kcrit= 1,56 – 0,75 rel,m .

Krit=0.79

Lf
λz=
√ IGz/ A

Lf is derived from the table on page 15

Lf= L = 20m

20000
λz= =69.28
√ 83333.33
20000
λy= =256.6
√ 6075
The most important elongation is along the y-axis.

λrel, y=
λy
∗
pi √ fc,0,k
E0.05
=4.03

Ky=0.5∗ [ 1+ bc∗( λrel, y−0.3+) λrel, y 2=8.81

]
1

Ky+ √Ky2−λrel, y2 )=0.06

Kc, y=
(

22 | Page
 2
Work rate=
σc,0,d
+(
K c,z∗fc,0,dKcrit∗f m,d
σm,d
) =0.15 is less than or equal to 1
1.9.5. Sizing of the pole

For the case of the poles, we opted for a GL36c laminated wood profile (1200*270).
2
Work rate=
σc,0,d
+( σm,d
K c,z∗fc,0,dKcrit∗f m,d ) <=1
With

N84.26∗1000
σ c,0,d= = =0.26MPA
A 1200∗270

Mf, y Mf , y
σm,d = = =1.9MPA
IGy b∗h∗h
V 6

k∗kmod29∗0.9
f c,0,d=f c,0, = =20.08MPA
gm 1.3

k∗kmod
f m,d=f m , ∗ksys∗kh
gm

Calculation of the height coefficient for laminated wood.

h 600 mm, Kh = 1

36∗0.9
f m,d= ∗1.1∗1=27.41MPA
1.3

0.78∗E0.05∗b 2
σm ,crit= =81.72MPA
[Link]

λrel,m=
√ fm,k
σm,crit
=0.66

Yes rel,m 0.75 kcrit= 1.

Lf
lambda z=
√ IGz/ A

Lf is deduced from the table on page 15

23 | Page
 lf=2∗h∗ √1+0.8∗k

i
∗l
I
k=
h

scope

h:height

i: quadratic moment of the pole

I: Quadratic moment of the beam

I 12003
∗l ∗20000
I 10003
k= = =6.912
h 5000

lf=2∗h∗ √1+0.8∗k=25.55m

25550
λz= =73.76
√120000
25550
λy= =327.8
√ 6075
The most important elongation is along the y-axis.

λrel, y=
λy
∗
pi √ fc,0,k
E0.05
=5.15

Ky=0.5∗ [ 1+ bc∗( λrel, y−0.3+) λrel, y 2=14

]
1

Ky+ Ky −λrel, y2 )=0.037

Kc, y=
( √ 2

2
Employment rate=
σc,0,d
+ (
K c,z∗fc,0,dKcrit∗f m,d
σm,d
) =0.35 ≤ 1

24 | Page
From which we conclude that the profiles are well suited.

[Link]

The joints in wood construction ensure the connection of several pieces together and the
transmission of requests.

The classification of assemblies is carried out according to several criteria. The first is the type
d’assemblage. Il existe des assemblages à entailles (tenon-mortaise, embrèvement, etc.) et des
assemblages by juxtaposition. In this second type of assembly, the different ones are distinguished.
varieties of fasteners (spikes, staples, bolts, etc.) and the number of shear planes (single,
double or multiple shear). The second criterion is mechanical modeling: support
simple or sliding, articulation and embedding. The last criterion is the orientation of the actions:
lateral, axial or combined loading.

The mechanical modeling of an assembly leads to both the nature and the intensity of
actions that he must transmit. The resolution - manual or with the help of a calculation software
structure - of the mechanical problem allows us to determine these results. Then, the search for
local actions at the level of contact plans or assembly bodies constitute a part
delicate and non-regulatory in the design of assemblies. It is necessary to determine
the surfaces or active organs for each action combination to be studied. In the case of
hardware, it is essential to determine their kinematic behavior (search for
rotation center of a bolt crown or a fitting for example) in order to perform the
static equilibrium calculation.

Assemblies by direct contact or notches

Direct contact or notch assemblies essentially include
mortises, tenons, and dovetail joints. The majority of these
assemblies have a preferred mode of operation: compression. In case of inversion
to effort, it is necessary to add to the assembly a complementary device (bolt by
example).

For the dovetail joint, once again highly sought after with the development of centers
In computer numerical control machining, the size angle of the male part weakens the straight section of the
tenon during use on bent joists.
1.10.1. Spike assemblies

The spikes (EN 912 and EN 14545) are used as complementary elements.
assembly around a bolt used in this case to hold the plated parts together. They are

25 | Page
in metal and their teeth penetrate the wood when
tightening. The studs are of two kinds:
single or double-sided :

double face for wood assemblies

wood

simple face usable for assemblies

wood-metal or wood-wood. The studs
simple faces allow to create some
detachable assemblies.

The installation of the studs requires significant effort to allow penetration of the
dent in the wood. This is only possible for not too dense species. Manufacturers
specify the maximum density and with suitably rated bolts, the
the tensile strength of the rod must be sufficient. If bolts are used for tightening, it
it is necessary to size the washers accordingly. The pressure under the washer during the
The tightening must be supported by the wood part under the washer.
[Link]
It is necessary to check the strength of the assemblies by studs.

Fv,Ed
Work rate: ≤1
Fv,Rd
Fv,Ed: acting lateral solicitation.

kmod
Fv,Rd: calculated lateral resistance capacity, Fv,Rd= ∗Fv,Rk
gamma M
FV,Rk: characteristic resistance of the spike in N.

kmod: modifying coefficient based on short-term load and class of

service.

ϒM partial coefficient that takes into account the dispersion of the material.

Unlike rings, the contribution of the bolt is included in the calculation of resistance.
of the whole.

Resistance capacity Fv,,Rk

Fv, Rkest is the resistant capacity of a spike for a shear plane (N). It depends on the number of
face :

{
1.5
Fv,Rk= 18∗k1∗k2∗k3∗dc1.5 simple face
25∗k 1 ∗k2∗k 3 ∗dc double face

26 | Page
k1, k2 and k3: modifying factors.

The dc values depend on the type and shape of the cleat, the values are summarized in the
following table:

Type of stud Forms dc (mm)

C1 - C2 - C6 - C7 - Circular Ø
C5 - C8 - C9 Square a
C3 - C4 Rectangular √ a∗b

[Link] adopted between posts and beam

The assembly between the posts and the beam is ensured by C1 class double-sided cleats.
a circular shape the bolt diameter adopted is 24 mm, the number of studs adopted is
14. The details of the assembly calculation can be found in Annex N2.

1.10.4. Verification by Robot

The results of the verification by Robot according to the CB71 standard are detailed in appendix N3.

[Link] and fire

While wood is certainly combustible, it offers excellent fire resistance compared to others.
building materials. It has a particularly strong ability to retain its properties.
mechanics under the effects of a fire, which ensures a great stability of
works. Wood has the advantages of very low thermal expansion and very low
thermal conductivity. Furthermore, unlike many other materials, wood emits
1500 times less toxic gases. Moreover, countries like Sweden and certain regions
Germans prohibit PVC joinery and prefer wood ones.
[Link] Resistance

Fire resistance represents the time during which the building elements continue to
fulfill their function despite the action of the fire. It concerns the load-bearing elements (columns,
beams, roof structures, floors), as well as separation or protective elements
(partitions, doors, ceilings, ducts, dampers, smoke extraction fans). Three are distinguished
fire resistance criteria, expressed in fractions of an hour:

fire stability (SF): duration during which the element mechanically resists;

27 | Page
 the flameproof degree (PF): duration during which the element remains flame-tight,
to gases and fumes;

the fire resistance rating (FR): duration during which the element provides thermal insulation
sufficient to not heat the unexposed side to the flame.

[Link] SOLUTIONS WOOD

During a fire, the fire resistance of wooden structural elements (posts, walls,
beams, floors...) must be high enough to continue to fulfill their role in order to
allow the evacuation of the people present.

a) The fire resistance of the walls

The stability of structural elements must be ensured for the entire duration required to
the evacuation of occupants. The fire resistance of a wall depends on the type of cladding used.

From the preparatory stage, the behavior and fire stability of structures, as well as the
fire resistance degrees of the different partitions requiring fire resistance treatment must be
identified. Depending on the required specifications, the exposed wooden elements are protected by
cardboard or fibrous plasterboards, or even non-combustible materials. The resistance to
fire of a work (fire stability SF or fire resistance degree CF) can be justified either by calculation,

28 | Page
be obtained by adding a protective facing with a test PV, either through the
combination of the two.

b) The fire resistance of floors

The fire resistance of floors is particularly important for maintaining stability.

building for as long as possible. At the level of the intermediate floor, the air gap in the
The exterior wall and the party wall must be interrupted by a fire barrier element.

c) The fire resistance of frameworks

A framework must be designed to remain stable under stresses and effects of

load it can bear. It must be able to support its own weight, that of the materials of
cover and, where applicable, that of the snow. It must also withstand the wind. Structure
carrier, it must also be able to fulfill its role in the event of a fire for as long as possible in order to
to allow the evacuation of the occupants.

Annex 1

CALCULATION OF SNOW AND WIND LOADS according to NV65

DIMENSIONS OF THE BUILDING

Height: 5.00 m
Width: 20.00 m

29 |Page
Depth: 35.00 m
Insulated roofs: inactives
Roof arrow: 0.00 m

Entrances of the gantries: 5.00 m

Ground position: 0.00 m
Height of the building: 5.00 m

WIND DATA
Region: 2
Type vent: normal
Site: normal ks= 1.000
Multiple roofing: disabled
Intermediate bollards: inactive
Facade detachments: disabled

This Minimum inactive

Dynamic action of the wind: deactivated

Base pressure: 0.60 kPa

{"barre":"bar"} x = 0.00 qH: 0.45 kPa q = rq * ksH: 0.45 kPa

x =1.00 qH: 0.53 kPa q = rq * ksH: 0.53 kPa

bar:1 x = 0.00 qH: 0.53 kPa qr = qH * ks : 0.53 kPa

x = 1.00 qH: 0.53 kPa qr = qH * ks : 0.53 kPa

bar:3 x = 0.00 qH: 0.53 kPa qr = qH * ks : 0.53 kPa

x =1.00 qH: 0.45 kPa qr = qH * ks : 0.45 kPa

Advanced permeability: deactivated

Permeability
right 0.0 % Door right 0.0 %
left 0.0% left 5.7 %
before: 0.0% before 0.0 %
back 0.0 % back 0.0 %

WIND RESULTS

Charge case: Wind G/D on.(+)

Lambda : 0.143
Gamma : 0.850
Delta : 0.870
Loading coefficients
bar:2 Ce: 0.800 CiS: 0.417 Ce-Ci = 0.383 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:1 Ce : -0.280CiS : 0.417Ce-Ci = -0.697 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:3 Ce : -0.305CiS : 0.417Ce-Ci = -0.722 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000

30 | Page
pignon:Av Ce : -0.305CiS : 0.417
pinion Ce : -0.305CiS : 0.417

Load case: Wind G/D dep.(-)

Lambda : 0.143
Gamma : 0.850
Delta : 0.870
Loading coefficients
bar:2 Ce : 0.800 CiD : -0.200 Ce-Ci = 1.000 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:1 This: -0.280CiD: -0.200Ce-Ci = -0.080 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:3 Ce : -0.305 CiD : -0.200 Ce-Ci = -0.105 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
pine nut:Av Ce : -0.305CiD : -0.200
pinion This: -0.305 CiD : -0.200

Case of charge: Wind D/G on. (+)

Lambda : 0.143
Gamma : 0.850
Delta : 0.870
Loading coefficients
bar:2 Ce: -0.305CiS: 0.417Ce-Ci = -0.722 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:1 Ce : -0.280CiS : 0.417Ce-Ci = -0.697 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:3 Ce : 0.800 CiS : 0.417 Ce-Ci = 0.383 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
pignon:Av Ce : -0.305CiS : 0.417
pine cone Ce : -0.305CiS : 0.417

Charge case: Wind D/G dep.(-)

Lambda : 0.143
Gamma : 0.850
Delta : 0.870
Loading coefficients
bar:2 This: -0.305CiD: -0.200Ce-Ci = -0.105 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:1 Ce : -0.280 CiD : -0.200 Ce-Ci = -0.080 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:3 This: 0.800CiD: -0.200Ce-Ci = 1.000 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
pignon:Av Ce : -0.305CiD : -0.200
pignon:Ar -0.305 CiD : -0.200

Case of charge: Wind Av./Arr. on.(+)

Lambda : 0.250
Gamma : 0.850
Delta : 0.791
Loading coefficients
bar:2 Ce : -0.305CiS : 0.417Ce-Ci = -0.722 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
barre:1 Ce : -0.280CiS : 0.417Ce-Ci = -0.697 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:3 Ce: -0.305CiS: 0.417Ce-Ci = -0.722 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
pignon: Av Ce : 0.800CiS : 0.417
pignon:Ar Ce : -0.305CiS : 0.417

Charge case: Wind takeoff/landing departure (-)

Lambda : 0.250

31 | Page
Gamma : 0.850
Delta : 0.791
Loading coefficients
barre:2 Ce : -0.305CiD : -0.200Ce-Ci = -0.105 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:1 This: -0.280CiD: -0.200Ce-Ci = -0.080 de x = 0.000à x = 1.000
bar:3 This: -0.305CiD: -0.200Ce-Ci = -0.105 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
pinion: Av Ce : 0.800CiD : -0.200
pine nut -0.305 CiD : -0.200

Load case: Wind G/D doors(G)

Lambda : 0.143
Gamma : 0.850
Delta : 0.870
Loading coefficients
bar:2 Ce: 0.800 CiD: -0.200 Ce-Ci = 1.000 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:1 Ce: -0.280 CiS: 0.426 Ce-Ci = -0.706 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:3 Ce : -0.305 CiS : 0.426 Ce-Ci = -0.731 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
pinion: Av Ce : -0.305CiS : 0.426
pignon Ce : -0.305CiS : 0.426

Load case: Wind D/G doors(G)

Lambda : 0.143
Gamma : 0.850
Delta : 0.870
Loading coefficients
bar:2 Ce : -0.305CiS : 0.417Ce-Ci = -0.722 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:1 Ce: -0.280 CiD: -0.200 Ce-Ci = -0.080 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:3 Ce : 0.800 CiD : -0.200 Ce-Ci = 1,000 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
pinion: Av Ce: -0.305CiD: -0.200
pignon: Ar -0.305 CiD : -0.200

Charge case: Wind Av./Arr. doors (G)

Lambda : 0.250
Gamma : 0.850
Delta : 0.791
Loading coefficients
bar:2 Ce: -0.305CiS: 0.417Ce-Ci = -0.722 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:1 This: -0.280CiD: -0.200Ce-Ci = -0.080 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
bar:3 This: -0.305CeD: -0.200Ce-Ci = -0.105 from x = 0.000 to x = 1.000
pignon: Av Ce : 0.800CiD : -0.200
pinion This: -0.305 CiD : -0.200

CHARGES NV values according to NV65

WIND CHARGE

Load case: Wind G/D on.(+)

32 | Page
bar: 1 P: 1.61 kN/m along the entire length of the bar
bar :2 P : -0.75 kN/m for x = 0.000 -0.89 kN/m for x = 1.000
barre :3 P : -1.42 kN/m for x = 0.000 -1.67 kN/m for x = 1.000

Load case: Wind G/D dep.(-)

barre :1 P: 0.18 kN/m along the entire length of the bar
bar: 2 P: -1.96 kN/m for x = 0.000 -2.31 kN/m for x = 1.000
bar :3 P: -0.21 kN/m for x = 0.000 à-0.24 kN/m for x = 1.000

Load case: Wind D/G on. (+)

bar: 1 P: 1.61 kN/m along the entire length of the bar
bar:2 P: 1.42 kN/m for x = 0.000 1.67 kN/m for x = 1.000
bar :3 P: 0.75 kN/m for x = 0.000 0.89 kN/m for x = 1.000

Load case: Wind D/G departure (-)

bar: 1 P : 0.18 kN/m along the entire length of the bar
bar: 2 P: 0.21 kN/m for x = 0.000 0.24 kN/m for x = 1.000
bar:3 P: 1.96 kN/m for x = 0.000 2.31 kN/m for x = 1.000

Charge case: Wind Av./Arr. on (+)

bar: 1 P: 1.46 kN/m along the entire length of the bar
bar:2 P: 1.29 kN/m for x = 0.000 1.52 kN/m for x = 1.000
bar:3 P: -1.29 kN/m for x = 0.000 -1.52 kN/m for x = 1.000

Charge case: Wind Av./Arr. departure(-)

bar: 1 P: 0.17 kN/m along the entire length of the bar
bar: 2 P: of 0.19 kN/m for x = 0.000 0.22 kN/m for x = 1.000
bar :3 P : -0.19 kN/m for x = 0.000 -0.22 kN/m for x = 1.000

Load case: Wind G/D doors(G)

bar:1 P: 1.63 kN/m along the entire length of the bar
bar:2 P: -1.96 kN/m for x = 0.000 -2.31 kN/m for x = 1.000
bar :3 P : -1.44 kN/m for x = 0.000 -1.69 kN/m for x = 1.000

Load case: Wind Right/Left doors(G)

bar:1 P : 0.18 kN/m along the entire length of the bar
barre: 2 P: 1.42 kN/m for x = 0.000 1.67 kN/m for x = 1.000
barre :3 P: 1.96 kN/m for x = 0.000 2.31 kN/m for x = 1.000

Charge case: Wind Av./Arr. doors (G)

bar:1 P: 0.17 kN/m along the entire length of the bar
bar:2 P: 1.29 kN/m for x = 0.000 1.52 kN/m for x = 1.000
barre :3 P : -0.19 kN/m for x = 0.000 -0.22 kN/m for x = 1.000

33 | Page
 Appendix 2

Calculation note of the assembly

A. Geometry and characteristics of bars

1) Pole

Thickness of a part = 270 mm

34 | Page
Height = 1200 mm

Fruit = 2.3 °

Height at the kidney = 1180 mm

Type of wood : Glued laminated timber

2) Characteristics of the wood for this bar

Nature of the wood : Glued laminated timber

Wood essence: GL36 panaché AcerB

Wood moisture: 12 %

Axial compression : 138.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 138.0 daN/cm2)

Perpendicular compression : 32.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 32.0 daN/cm2

Axial tract : 107.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 107.0 daN/cm2)

Tracton perpendiculaire : 2.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 2.0 daN/cm2

Axial shear : 18.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 18.0 daN/cm2

Flexion : 171.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 171.0 daN/cm2)

3) Traverse

Thickness = 270 mm

Height = 1000 mm

Roof slope = 0 °

Underside slope = 0 °

Height at the kidney = 1000 mm

Type of wood : Glulam

4) Characteristics of the wood for this bar

Nature of the wood : Glulam

35 | Page
Wood essence: GL36 panaché AcerB

Wood moisture: 12 %

Axial compression : 138.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 138.0 daN/cm2)

Perpendicular compression : 32.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 32.0 dyne/cm²

Axial tract : 107.0 daN/cm² (adm. 107.0 daN/cm2)

Perpendicular tract : 2.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 2.0 daN/cm2

Axial shear : 18.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 18.0 daN/cm2)

Flexion : 171.0 daN/cm2 (adm. 171.0 daN/cm2)

5) Because

Height H1 = 5000 mm (intersection of the outer edges)

Height of the pole = 5000 mm

Half-span = 10000 mm

Length of the beam = 10000 mm

Height of the kidney = 4500 mm

Abscissa of the kidney = 590 mm (on the left side of the pole foot)

6) Assemblers

Type of assembler : Crampon

Detail : Double denture

Libellé = C1 117 b24

Bolt Diameter = 24 mm

Nominal resistance = 3960 daN

Total number of assemblers = 14 (x2)

Nombre de lignes= 4

Number of columns = 5

36 | Page
 Diagonal width of the rectangle = 750 mm

Right height of the rectangle = 650 mm

Horizontal pass = 187.5 mm mini 175 mm

Green pass = 216.7 mm mini 175 mm

Left pliers = 215 mm mini 175 mm

Straight pliers = 202 mm mini 95.1 mm

High pliers = 175 mm mini 175 mm

Low pliers = 175 mm mini 95 mm

B. Applied efforts

1) Traverse

Normal effort N = 4383 Dan

Sharp effort T = 2400 daN

Moment M = 12325 daNm

C. Verification of the assembly

1) Elements of calculation

Shear assembler (in daN) : 3816 <= 3960 OK

End attachment crossbar : 0.264 <= 1 OK

Shear Rdm transverse : 0.074 <= 1 OK

End pole attachment : 0.097 <= 1 OK

Shear Rdm column : 0.057 <= 1 OK

Disposition of the assemblers : OK

Possible assembler dimensions : OK

37 | Page
 2) Conclusion

Satisfactory assembly

Annex 3

WOOD STRUCTURES CALCULATION

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NORM:CB71
TYPE OF ANALYSIS:Verification of documents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAMILY:
PIECE:1 Wooden beam_1 POINT:3 COORDINATES:x = 1.00 L = 20.00 m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHARGEMENTS:
Decisive load case: 12 ULS /4/ 1*1.35 + 2*1.00 + 4*1.50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
GL36c AcerB Wood moisture: 12.00%

38 | Page
 Humidity variation: 0.00 %
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SECTION PARAMETERS: RECT_1

ht=100.0 cm
bf=27.0 cm Ay=1800.00 cm2 Az=1800.00 cm2 Ax=2700.00 cm2
ea=13.5 cm Iy=2250000.00 cm4 Iz=164025.00 cm4 Ix=544497.39 cm4
13.5 cm Wely=45000.00 cm3 Welz=12150.00 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CALCULATION CONSTRAINTS: ADMISSIBLE CONSTRAINTS:
Sig' = 65.76/2700.00 = 0.24 MPa Sig'_b = 13.80 MPa
SigF_b = 17.10 MPa
SigFy = My/Wely [Link] = 1.12
=-333.12/45000.00 = 7.40 MPa [Link] = 1.06
[Link] = 1.00
[Link] = 1.00
[Link] = 1.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PARAMETRES DE DEVERSEMENT:
ld = 20.00 m Sig_cr = 34.12 MPa kinst = 1.00
ld mod = 0.9*lD-0.5*h =17.50 m Lambda = 0.71
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

in y: en z:
Ly = 20.00 m Lambda y = 69.28 Lz = 20.00 m Lambda z = 256.60
LFy = 20.00 m Ky = 1.62 LFz = 20.00 m Kz = 1000.00

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VERIFICATION FORMULAS:
Sig_adm = SigF_b*[Link]*[Link] = 17.10*1.06*1.00 = 18.13 MPa
|(SigF_b/Sig'_b)*K*Sig'| + |SigFy/kinst| = ((17.10*1.06)/(13.80*1.12))*1000.00*0.24 + 7.40/1.00 = 293.03 >
18.13 MPa

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unstable profile!!!
CALCULATION OF WOOD STRUCTURES
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STANDARD:CB71
TYPE OF ANALYSIS:Verification of documents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAMILY:
PIECE2 Wooden pole_2 POINT:3 COORDINATE:x = 1.00 L = 5.00 m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHARGEMENTS:
Decisive load case: 12 ULS /10/ 1*1.35 + 2*1.00 + 10*1.50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAU:
CB_RESIN C18 Humidité du bois: 18.00 %
Variation in humidity: 0.00 %
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

39 |Page
 SECTION PARAMETERS: RECT_2
ht=120.0 cm
bf=27.0 cm Ay=2160.00 cm2 Az=2160.00 cm2 Ax=3240.00 cm2
ea=13.5 cm Iy=3888000.00 cm4 Iz=196830.00 cm4 Ix=675676.72 cm4
es=13.5 cm Wely=64800.00 cm3 Welz=14580.00 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CALCULATION CONSTRAINTS: ADMISSIBLE CONSTRAINTS:
Sig' = 117.81/3240.00 = 0.36 MPa Sig'_b = 8.50 MPa
SigF_b = 8.00 MPa
SigFy = My/Wely [Link] = 0.88
-345.42/64800.00 = 5.33 MPa [Link] = 0.94
[Link] = 1.00
[Link] = 0.80
[Link] = 0.84
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DISCHARGE PARAMETERS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

in and y: en z:
Ly = 5.00 m Lambda y = 14.43 Lz = 5.00 m Lambda z = 64.15
LFy = 5.00 m Ky = 1.00 LFz = 5.00 m Kz = 1.47

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VERIFICATION FORMULAS:
Sig_adm = SigF_b*[Link]*[Link] = 8.00*0.94*0.80 = 6.02 MPa
|(SigF_b/Sig'_b)*K*Sig'| + |SigFy| = ((8.00*0.94)/(8.50*0.88))*1.47*0.36 + 5.33 = 5.87 < 6.02 MPa

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Correct profile!!!

CALCULATION OF WOOD STRUCTURES

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STANDARD:CB71
TYPE OF ANALYSIS:Verification of parts
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAMILY:
PIECE:3 wooden posts_3 POINT:3 COORDINATE:x = 1.00 L = 5.00 m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHARGEMENTS:
Decisive load case: 12 ULS /4/ 1*1.35 + 2*1.00 + 4*1.50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
CB_RESIN C18 Humidité du bois: 18.00 %
Humidity variation: 0.00 %
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SECTION PARAMETERS: RECT_2

ht=120.0 cm
bf=27.0 cm Ay=2160.00 cm2 Az=2160.00 cm2 Ax=3240.00 cm2
ea=13.5 cm Iy=3888000.00 cm4 Iz=196830.00 cm4 Ix=675676.72 cm4

40 | Page
es=13.5 cm Wely=64800.00 cm3 Welz=14580.00 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CALCULATION CONSTRAINTS: ADMISSIBLE CONSTRAINTS:
Sig' = 116.54/3240.00 = 0.36 MPa Sig'_b = 8.50 MPa
SigF_b = 8.00 MPa
SigFy = My/Wely [Link] = 0.88
= 333.12/64800.00 = 5.14 MPa [Link] = 0.94
[Link] = 1.00
[Link] = 0.80
[Link] = 0.84
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DISBURSEMENT PARAMETERS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

in and y: in z:
Ly = 5.00 m Lambda y = 14.43 Lz = 5.00 m Lambda z = 64.15
LFy = 5.00 m Ky = 1.00 LFz = 5.00 m Kz = 1.47

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VERIFICATION FORMULAS:
Sig_adm = SigF_b*[Link]*[Link] = 8.00*0.94*0.80 = 6.02 MPa
|(SigF_b/Sig'_b)*K*Sig'| + |SigFy| = ((8.00*0.94)/(8.50*0.88))*1.47*0.36 + 5.14 = 5.67 < 6.02 MPa

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Correct profile !!!

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