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Understanding Computer Networks Basics

A computer network consists of multiple computers sharing data and resources, with various types including local, wireless, and peer-to-peer networks. Network topology defines the arrangement of devices, while network devices like routers and switches facilitate communication. The document also discusses network architecture, the OSI model, TCP/IP protocols, and the importance of maintenance and troubleshooting in network management.

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5 views2 pages

Understanding Computer Networks Basics

A computer network consists of multiple computers sharing data and resources, with various types including local, wireless, and peer-to-peer networks. Network topology defines the arrangement of devices, while network devices like routers and switches facilitate communication. The document also discusses network architecture, the OSI model, TCP/IP protocols, and the importance of maintenance and troubleshooting in network management.

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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Networks

A computer network is made up of multiple computers that share


data and resources.
There are several types of networks: local networks, wireless local networks without
fil, les réseaux personnels, les réseaux métropolitains et les réseaux étendus.
In a P2P (peer-to-peer) network, devices are connected
directly to each other. This type of network is easy to install and no
no additional equipment or dedicated administrator is required. Users
control their own resources and the network works better when the
The number of computers is low. A client-server network uses a system.
dedicated that acts as a server. This server responds to requests sent by
the users or the clients connected to the network.
The topology of a network defines how computers, printers
and the other devices are connected. The physical topology corresponds to
the arrangement of cables and devices, as well as the paths used for
the transmission of data. The logical topology is the path taken
the signals to go from one point to another. The topologies can be in a bus,
in star, in ring, meshed and hybrid.
Network devices are used to connect computers and
devices, so that they can communicate. They include hubs,
the bridges, the switches, the routers, and the multifunction devices. The
The chosen device type depends on the type of network.
The network transmission medium is the means by which signals or the
data is sent from one computer to another. The signals can be
transmitted by cable or by wireless technology. The types of media presented
This chapter includes coaxial cables, twisted pair cables, and fiber cables.
optics, and radio frequencies.
Ethernet architecture is currently the type of local area network architecture.
(LAN) the most used. The architecture is the overall structure of a system
computer science or communications. It determines the capabilities and the limits
of the system. The Ethernet architecture is based on the IEEE 802.3 standard. The
The IEEE 802.3 standard specifies that the network must use the control method.
CSMA/CD access.
The OSI reference model is a normative framework used to separate the
network functions in seven distinct layers: Application, Presentation, Session,
Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical. It is important to do well.
understand the function of each of these layers.
The TCP/IP protocol suite has become the preferred standard in terms of
of the Internet. TCP/IP represents a set of public standards that specify the
mode of exchange of packets of information between computers on a or
several networks.
A network card is a device that connects to the motherboard of
the computer is equipped with ports for connecting network cables. It is about
of the interface between the computer and the local area network (LAN).
Resources are shared on a network between computers belonging to
to the same working group or to the same residential group.
Network connectivity can be tested using commands to enter in
the command line interface, for example, ping, ipconfig, net, tracert
etnslookup.
1
The three methods of transmission for sending signals over channels
data are: unidirectional, non-simultaneous bidirectional and
simultaneous bidirectional. The simultaneous bidirectional network technology
allows for improved performance, as data can be sent and
received at the same time. DSL connection, cable and other technologies
large bands operate in simultaneous bidirectional mode.
The peripherals and network components must be subject to a
regular maintenance. It is important to clean regularly the
equipment and to adopt a proactive approach in the prevention of
problems. This includes the repair or replacement of equipment
defective, to avoid any interruption of service.
Many dangers are associated with networks, whether it concerns their
environment, peripherals or media.
All network design decisions must meet the requirements
and to the objectives of your clients.
Choose network components that offer services and capabilities
necessary for the implementation of a network perfectly suited to the wishes of
client.
Plan the network installations according to the services and equipment
necessary.
Upgrading a network may involve the use of cables and equipment
supplementary.
Avoid problems by defining and implementing a strategy for
complete preventive maintenance.
When troubleshooting network issues, listen carefully to what the
the client has something to tell you, in order to be able to formulate open and closed questions,
who will help you determine where to start solving the problem.
Check the most obvious possible causes and apply solutions.
quick steps before launching a thorough troubleshooting procedure.

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