PHYSICS (Management Information Systems)

ORDINARY IN-PERSON EXAM

FEBRUARY 2003

PROBLEM 1.1.1
Given the system of point charges indicated in figure P1.1.1:
1) Calculate the field and potential at the origin of coordinates.
2) Obtain the total flux through the spherical surface of radius R (R > d) centered at O.

Figure P1.1.1

Solution
1) Field and potential at the origin of coordinates
1a)
The field is calculated using the relationship:

1 qi (r−ri )
E= X 3
4π epsilono
|r−r | i
In this problem, the respective position vectors are:

r= 0 ;r1=youx;r2=youy;r3=youz;r4=−duy

r−r1=-dux ;r−r 2-duy;r−r 3=-duz ;r−r 4=duy

|r−r1 |=|r−r 2 |=|r−r 3 |=|r−r 4 |=d

q1= 2q;q2=−q;q3=q;q4=−q

Applying the previous data to the equation that allows us to calculate the field, we have that,

1 2q(-du)x −q(−du)y )q(−duz )−q(−duy ) q

E= µ + + + ¶ =
4πEo d3 d3 d3 d3 4πεo d2 (−2ux-z )

q
E=- (2ux+uz )
4π times epsilono d2
1b)
The potential is calculated using the following relationship,

1 qi
V=
4πεo X |r−ri |
1
 Taking the previously indicated data for the loads and the position vectors we will have
what,
1 1 1q
V= 0
4π epsilonod 4π epsilonod
Total flow of the field
Since all the charges are within the sphere of radius R, the total flux is calculated by applying the
Gauss's theorem.
1
I E·ds= qi
S εo X
As in this case

X qi= 2q−q+q−q=q
The total flow will be,

q
I E·ds=
S εo
PROBLEM 1.1.2
Given the circuit shown in figure P1.1.2a, calculate the current flowing through the batteries.
Reasonably indicate which battery(ies) supply energy and which one(s) receive it.

Figure P1.1.2
Solution
To simplify the calculation, we reduce the mesh from three to two loops taking into account that the
3 and 6Ω resistances are in parallel and we can replace them with their equivalent resistance without
change the current flowing through the batteries.
1 1 1 3 1
= + = =
Re 3 6 6 2 →Re= 2
Using the equivalent resistance, the guarantees of the two loops shown in figure P1.1.2b.
son

4−3 = (4 + 2)I1-2I2 →1 = 6I1-2I2

3−2 =−2I1+ (2 + 4 + 2)I2→1 =−2I 1+ 8I2
The currents are obtained by solving the system of equations using Cramer's method.

¯ 1−2 ¯ ¯6 1 ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
¯1 8 ¯ ¯ -2 1 ¯
I1= ¯ ¯ = 10 = 5 I2= ¯ ¯ = 8 = 4
¯ ¯ 44 22 ¯ ¯ 44 22
¯6 -2 ¯ ¯6 -2 ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ -2 8 ¯ ¯ -2 8 ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
2
 5 4 1
Ic=I1-I2= − =
22 22 22
The current1crosses the 4 volt battery, I2It passes through the 2-volt battery. cthe 3-volt one.
Given the direction of the currents1 IceI2 the 4-volt battery supplies power, since the
Current enters through the negative pole and exits through the positive, meaning electrons increase their energy.
by crossing the stack. The 3 and 2-volt batteries receive energy because the respective currents I ce
I2They enter through the positive pole and exit through the negative.
PROBLEM 1.1.3
An open loop of the shape indicated in figure P1.1.3 is located in the ZY plane. This
the coil is in the midst of a variable magnetic field B=Bosenωtux Calculate the difference of
potentialVABinduced in the coil.

Figure P1.1.3

Solution
The potential difference between points A and B of the coil is calculated using the law of
Faraday,
dΦ
VAB=E=−
dt
First, we must obtain the magnetic field flux through the coil.

Φ=B·S= (Boscentx (S(-ux )

The clockwise path of the spiral results in S = S(-u)x ).

The surface of the spiral is the difference between the surface of the square of the side and the semicircle.
of radio/2.
2
1 d π
S=d2−π µ ¶ =d21−µ ¶
2 2 8
The flow will be,

π
Φ = -Bo d21− µ ¶ sent
8
Therefore, the potential difference between points A and B is,
dΦ π
VAB=− =Bod21− µ ¶ ωcosωt
dt 8

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 PHYSICS (Management Informatics)
PP. ORDINARY. Feb. 2003. RESERVE

PROBLEM 1.2.1
We have a system of capacitors connected to a 10V battery (see figure P1.2.1). Calcu-
charge on the capacitor C2before and after closing the switch S.
C1=C2=C30.1µF = 10−7F.

Figure P1.2.1

Solution
Before closing
The capacitors2yC3they are in series and connected to the 10 volt battery. Therefore,

V= 10 =V2+V3

Given the relationship between charge, potential, and capacity,

Q Q2 Q3
C= yV3=
V →V2= C2 C3
On the other hand, we know that when capacitors are in series, their charge is the same, in
consequence, if we take the values of V2yV3to the initial expression,
Q2Q3
10 = +
C2 C3

Since the two capacities are equal, C1=C2= 10−7F.

Q2 10
10 = 2 →Q2=C2= 5×10−7
C2 2

Q25 times 10−7 C

The capacitor C3it has the same charge, that is,

Q3=Q25 times 10−7 C

2) After closing
When we close the switch S, we short-circuit the capacitor C. 3 , therefore the stack of 10
volts are applied directly to the capacitor C2 Under these conditions,

Q3= 0 yQ2=C2×10 = 10−6 C

PROBLEM 1.2.2
The figure shows a system of filiform sections through which a current I circulates.
a straight segment parallel to the X-axis extends from x = 0 to x' = ∞; the segment on the Y-axis is

4
understood between y = -a and y' = -∞. Calculate the magnetic field created at the origin of
coordinates O.

Figure P1.2.2
Solution
First, we calculate the fields due to each section.
1) Segment parallel to the X axis
We apply the results obtained in example 6.1 when the limits are α.1yes2 .
In our case1= 0,α2=π/2yR=a. Taking into account the screw rule, at O
uϕ =uz .
µo I µo I
B1= [sen]0π/2uz= uz
4πa 4πa
Segment on the Y axis
In this section, it is fulfilled that they are parallel to (r - r0 ) for the fact that l×(r−r0 ) = 0y and as
consequence

B2= 0
3) Circular segment
We apply the results obtained in example 6.2. Now the limits of integration for ϕ
are 0 and π, R=a. At point O, applying the screw rule, the direction and sense of the field
it is the godx .

µo Iπ µo I
ux= B3= ux
4πa 4a
The total field at the origin of coordinates O is the sum of those obtained in the sections.
previous,
µo I µo I µo I1
BT=B1+B2+B3= uz+ u x= µ uz+ux ¶
4πa 4a 4aπ
PROBLEM 1.2.3
Figure P1.2.3 shows an alternating current circuit. Calculate the modulus and phase of the
current supplied by the generator.

Figure P1.2.3
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Solution
First, we calculate the impedances of the branches that are in parallel.

Z1= 2 + j10 - j4 = 2 + j6

Z2= 2 + j6

The composition of the two in parallel is,

1 1 1 1 1
= + =2 =
Zp Z1Z2 2 + j6 1 + j3

therefore,

Zp= 1 + j3

The impedance Zpit is in series with the 2Ω resistor, and therefore the total impedance will be,

ZT= 2 + Zp= 3 + j3 = 3(1 + j)

The current supplied by the generator is,

6 6 6(1−j)
I= = = 3 times 2 = 1−j
ZT 3(1 + j)
The modulus and the phase will be,

I= 2 √; tan θ= -1 -1
1

√ = arctan(-1) = - = -45o π
I = 2yθ
4